PHILIPPINE NATIONAL

STANDARD PNS/BAFS PABES xx:2019

ICS 65.060.99

Postharvest Machinery – Rice Mill –

Specifications

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES STANDARDS

BPI Compound Visayas Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines
Trunkline: (632) 928-8741 to 64 loc. 3301-3319
E-mail: info.dabafs@gmail.com
Website: www.bafs.da.gov.ph
 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS PABES xx:20xx

1 Foreword
2
3 The Philippine National Standard (PNS) for Agricultural Machinery – Rice Mill –
4 Specifications (PNS/BAFS PABES xx:20xx) has been prepared by the Technical Working
5 Group (TWG) for Rice Mill as per approved Department of Agriculture Special Order (SO)
6 No. xx Series of 2018.
7
8 This Standard cancels and replaces the provisions recommended by PAES 206:2015
9 Agricultural Machinery – Rice Mill – Specifications.
10
11 This edition includes the following significant changes compared to the previous edition:
12
13 - Definition of the term “single-pass rice mill”
14 - Revision of the term “multi- pass rice mill” to “multi- stage rice mill” and its definition
15 - Addition of the term “two- stage rice mill”
16
17 This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC
18 Directives, Part 2.
19
20 The word “shall” is used to indicate mandatory requirements to conform to the standard.
21
22 The word “should” is used to indicate that among several possibilities one is
23 recommended as particularly suitable without mentioning or excluding others.
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25

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 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS PABES xx:20xx
Postharvest Machinery – Rice Mill – Specifications

38 1 Scope

39 This standard specifies the requirements for rice mill.

40
41 2 Normative References

42 The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
43 content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
44 cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
45 (including any amendments) applies.
46
47 PAES 101:2000, Agricultural Machinery – Technical Means for Ensuring Safety –
48 General
49
50 PAES 102:2000, Agricultural Machinery – Operator’s Manual – Content and
51 Presentation

52 PAES 103:2000, Agricultural Machinery – Method of Sampling

53 PNS/BAFS/PAES 192:2016, Agricultural Machinery – Guidelines on After-Sales Service

54 PNS/BAFS PABES xx:2019 Postharvest Machinery – Rice Mill – Methods of Test

55
56 PNS/PAES 214:2004 – Agricultural Machinery – Rubber Roll for Rice Mill –
57 Specifications.
58
59 3 Terms and Definitions
60
61 For the purpose of this standard, the following terms and definitions shall apply.
62
63 3.1
64 bran
65 outer layer of the brown rice consisting of the aleurone cells covering the endosperm of
66 the rice grain
67
68 3.2
69 broken grains
70 pieces of grains smaller than 75% of the average length of the unbroken kernels
71
72 3.3
73 brown rice
74 dehulled rice
75 cargo rice
76 dehusked rice
77 rice kernels from which only the hull has been removed and with the bran layer still intact

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78 3.4
79 coefficient of hulling
80 ratio of the dehulled grains to the total amount of grain input
81
82 3.5
83 coefficient of wholeness
84 ratio of the whole brown rice to the total amount of dehulled grains
85
86 3.6
87 destoner
88 anciliary device used to separate stones from the paddy and/or brown rice
89
90 3.7
91 head rice
92 grain or a piece of a grain with its length equal to or greater than 75% of the
93 average length of the whole kernels
94
95 3.8
96 huller
97 husker
98 component of a rice mill that removes the hulls (palea and lemma) from the grains
99
100 3.9
101 hulling efficiency
102 product of the coefficient of hulling and the coefficient of wholeness of grains, expressed
103 in percent (%)
104
105 3.10
106 input capacity
107 weight of paddy per unit loading time into the receiving hopper, expressed in metric tons
108 per hour (MT/hr)
109
110 3.11
111 milled rice
112 grains obtained after the removal of hull, bran and germ
113
114 3.12
115 milling capacity
116 weight of paddy that the rice mill can process per total milling time, expressed in metric
117 tons per hour (MT/h)
118
119 3.13
120 milling degree
121 extent or degree by which the bran layer of the brown rice is removed as a result of
122 whitening
123
124
125

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126 3.13.1
127 over milled rice
128 rice grain from which the hull, the germ, and the bran layers have been completely
129 removed (0%)
130
131 3.13.2
132 regular milled rice
133 rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layers and the greater part of the
134 inner bran layers have been removed but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layers
135 may still be present on 21% to 40% of the sample grains
136
137 3.13.3
138 undermilled rice
139 rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layer, and the greater part of the
140 inner bran layer have been removed, but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layer
141 may still be present on more than 40 % of the sample grains
142
143 3.13.4
144 well-milled rice
145 rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran layer, and the greater part of the
146 inner bran layer have been removed, but part of the lengthwise streaks of the bran layer
147 may still be present on 1% to 20% of the sample grains
148
149 3.14
150 milling recovery
151 ratio of the weight of milled rice to the total weight of paddy, expressed in percent (%)
152
153 3.15
154 milling recovery index
155 ratio of the milling recovery obtained in actual testing, to the milling recovery obtained
156 from the laboratory test mill
157
158 3.16
159 multi- stage rice mill
160 rice passes through a series of different operations and machines from paddy to brown
161 or white rice
162
163 3.17
164 paddy
165 rough rice
166 “palay”
167 unhulled grain of Oryza sativa, which means, grain with the glumes enclosing the kernel
168
169
170
171
172
173

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174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188 Figure 1 – Parts of the rice grain
189
190 3.18
191 paddy grader
192 ancillary device used to classify paddy based on length and thickness
193
194 3.19
195 paddy separator
196 ancillary device used to separate brown rice from a paddy mixture
197 3.20
198 percent head rice
199 ratio of the weight of grains with a size of 75% or more of the whole grain to the total
200 weight of milled rice, expressed in percent (%)
201
202 3.21
203 percent head rice index
204 ratio of the percent head rice obtained in actual testing, to the percent head rice obtained
205 from the laboratory test mill
206
207 3.22
208 polished rice
209 white rice that pass through a polisher
210
211 3.23
212 polisher
213 pearler
214 ancillary device of a rice mill used to remove the remaining bran particles on the milled
215 rice and gives it a glossy appearance
216
217 3.24
218 pre-cleaner
219 anciliary device used to remove foreign matter/impurities from the paddy before milling
220
221

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222 3.25
223 rice hull
224 rice husk
225 outer most rough covering of the paddy grain (palea and lemma) consisting of the empty
226 glumes, floral glumes, and awn
227
228 3.26
229 rice mill
230 machine used to remove the hull and bran of the paddy to produce milled rice and consists
231 mainly of hulling and whitening assembly
232
233 3.26.1
234 rubber roll huller
235 type of rice mill made of rubber bonded to an inner metal drum core use for hulling
236
237 3.26.2
238 centrifugal huller
239 type of a huller with rotating blades and utilizes pressure such as Coriolis’ force, frictional
240 force from the blades, or impact force at collision with the blades and the peripheral
241 surface
242
243 3.27
244 single- pass rice mill
245 removes the husk and bran in one pass and white rice is produced directly from the paddy
246 3.28
247 whitener
248 component of a rice mill that removes the bran in the brown rice
249
250 3.28.1
251 abrasive type
252 type of whitening machine consisting of a cylinder or cone coated with abrasive material
253 such as emery stone or any similar materials enclosed in a perforated steel housing
254
255 3.28.2
256 friction type
257 type of whitening machine consisting of a ridged cylinder enclosed in a perforated steel
258 housing
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269

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270 4 Classification
271
272 The classification of rice mill should be based but not limited to the following.
273
274 4.1 Method of operation
275
276 4.1.1 Single- pass rice mill
277
278

279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297 Figure 1 – Layout of a rubber roll single pass rice mill
298
299 4.1.3 Multi-stage rice mill
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316 Figure 2 – Layout of a rubber roll multi- stage rice mill

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317 4.2 Type of huller
318
319 4.2.1 Rubber roll huller
320

321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329 Figure 3 – Rubber roll huller
330
331 4.2.2 Centrifugal type
332

333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343 Figure 4 – Centrifugal huller
344
345 5 Fabrication Requirements
346
347 5.1 Steel bars, metal sheet or plate, or any appropriate materials should be used in
348 the manufacture of the different components of rice mill. Parts that are in direct contact
349 with the milled rice should be made of non- corrosive materials.
350 5.2 Frame and stand shall be able to support the whole rice mill assembly during
351 operation. Means to avoid vibration shall be provided.
352
353 5.3 Bolts and nuts, screws, bearings, bushing and seals to be used shall conform to
354 the requirements of PAES for Engineering Materials or other international standards.
355
356 5.4 Rubber rolls for rice mill shall conform to the requirements of PNS/PAES 214:
357 2004.
358
359 5.5 There shall be provisions for lubrication of non-sealed type bearings.
360

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361 6 Performance and other Requirements
362
363 6.1 The specified capacity at the brown rice output of the paddy separator must be
364 attained.
365
366 6.2 The rubber roll shall be able to process the input capacity as stated in PNS/PAES
367 214:2004.
368
369 6.3 The performance criteria for rice mill and brown rice mill shall be as specified in
370 Table 1 and 2, respectively.
371
372 Table 1. Performance Criteria for Rice Mill- for milled rice
373
Criteria Performance Data
Single- pass Multi-
stage
Rubber Centrifugal Rubber
roll roll
Hulling efficiency, % 75 75 75
minimum
Recovery index, 0.98 0.98 0.98
minimum
Percent head rice 0.90 0.90 0.90
index, minimum
Milling degree Well Well milled Well
milled milled
No. of paddy per 15 15 15
kilogram milled rice
374
375 Table 2. Performance Criteria for Rice Mill for brown rice
376
Criteria Performance Data
Hulling efficiency, % minimum 75
Recovery index, minimum
No. of paddy per kilogram, 20
maximum
377
378 7 Safety, Workmanship and Finish
379
380 7.1 The noise level should conform with the provisions given in Annex A.
381
382 7.2 Rice mill shall be free from any manufacturing defects that may be detrimental to
383 its operation.
384
385 7.3 The construction of the rice mill shall be rigid and durable without noticeable cracks
386 and weak joints.
387

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388 7.4 The rotating components of rice mill shall be statically and dynamically balanced.
389
390 7.5 Any uncoated metallic surfaces shall be free from rust and shall be painted
391 properly.
392
393 7.6 The external part of the rice mill shall be free from sharp edges and rough surfaces
394 that may injure the operator. The warning notice shall be in accordance with PAES
395 101:2000
396
397 7.7 Mechanism for immediate disengagement of power transmission shall be
398 provided.
399
400 7.8 Belt cover or guard and provisions for belt tightening and adjustments shall be
401 provided.
402 7.9 There shall be provision for the safety of the operators in the feeding port and
403 other moving parts.
404
405 8 Warranty for Fabrication and Services
406
407 Warranty shall be provided for parts and services except for normal wear and tear of
408 expendable or consumable maintenance part for at least one year (1) upon the
409 acceptance of the procuring entity of the rice mill. General requirements of the warranty
410 shall conform to PNS/BAFS/PAES 192: 2016.
411
412 9 Maintenance and Operation
413
414 9.1 Each rice mill shall be provided with at least three (3) pieces of dust masks and
415 the basic tools as specified by the manufacturer: one (1) set each of Allen and open
416 wrenches and one (1) piece each of cross and flat screw driver.
417
418 9.2 Operator’s manual based on the PAES 102:2000, maintenance schedule and a
419 list of warrantable parts of the rice mill shall be provided.
420
421 9.3 The rice mill shall be easy to maintain and operate.
422
423 10 Sampling
424
425 Rice mill shall be sampled for testing in accordance with PAES 103:2000 or any other
426 suitable method of selection.
427
428 11 Testing
429
430 Rice mill shall be tested in accordance with PNS/BAFS PABES xx:20xx.
431
432 12 Marking and Labeling
433
434 12.1 Each rice mill shall be marked at noticeable place with the following information.

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435 12.1.1 Registered trademark of the manufacturer
436
437 12.1.2 Brand
438
439 12.1.3 Model
440
441 12.1.4 Year of manufacture
442
443 12.1.5 Serial Number
444
445 12.1.6 Name and address of the manufacturer/importer/distributor
446
447 12.1.7 Country of manufacture/origin (if imported) / “Made in the Philippines” (if
448 manufactured in the country)
449
450 12.1.8Milling capacity, metric tons/h
451
452 12.1.9 Power requirement, kW
453
454 12.2 Safety/Precautionary markings shall be provided. It shall be stated in English and
455 Filipino and printed in red color with a white background.
456
457 12.3 The markings shall be durably bonded to the base surface material. The markings
458 shall be all weather resistant and under normal cleaning procedures. It shall not fade,
459 discolor, peel, crack or blister and shall remain legible.
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482

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 PNS/BAFS PABES xx:20xx
483 Annex A
484 (informative)
485
486 Occupational Safety and Health Standard (Rule 1074.01 – 1074.03)
487
488 A.1 Threshold Limit Values for Noise
489
490 The threshold limit values refer to sound pressure that represents conditions under which
491 it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed without adverse effect on
492 their ability to hear and understand normal speech.
493
494 Feasible administrative or engineering controls shall be utilized when workers are
495 exposed to sound levels exceeding those specified in Table 8b hereof when measured
496 on a scale of a standard sound level meter at slow response. If such controls fail to reduce
497 sound within the specified levels, ear protective devices capable of bringing the sound
498 level to permissible noise exposure shall be provided by the employer and used by the
499 worker.
500
501 A.2 Permissible Noise Exposure
502
503 A.2.1 The values specified in Table 2 apply to total time of exposure per working day
504 regardless of whether this is one continuous exposure or a number of short-term
505 exposures but does not apply to impact or impulsive type of noise.
506
507 Table 2 - Permissible Noise Exposure
Duration per day, hours Sound Levels [dB(A)], slow response
8 90
6 92
4 95
3 97
2 100
1½ 102
1 105
½ 110
¼ 115
508
509 A.2.2 If the variation in noise level involves maximum intervals of one (1) second or less,
510 it shall be considered as continuous. If the interval is over one (1) second, it becomes
511 impulse or impact noise.
512
513 A.2.3 When the daily noise exposure is composed of two or more periods noise exposure
514 of different levels, their combined effect should be considered rather than the effect of
515 each.
516
517 If the sum of Equation A exceeds one (1), then the mixed exposure should be considered
518 to exceed the threshold limit value. However, the permissible levels found in the table
519 shall not be exceeded for the corresponding number of hours per day allowed. Noise
520 exposures of less than 90 dBA are not covered by Equation A.

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 PNS/BAFS PABES xx:20xx
521
𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3
522 𝑋= + + (𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴)
𝑇1 𝑇2 𝑇3
523
524 where: X is the sum of the ratios of C and T
525 C is the total time of exposure at a specified noise level
526 T is the total time of exposure permitted at the level
527
528 A.2.4 Exposures to impulsive or impact noise shall not exceed 140 decibels peak sound
529 pressures level (maximum value).
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567

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 PNS/BAFS PABES xx:20xx
568 Bibliography
569
570 Camacho, I. Hidalgo, P. Duff, B. and Lozada, E. 1978.A Comparison of Alternative Rice
571 Milling Systems in the Bicol Region. Proceedings of the Workshop on Grain Post-harvest
572 Technology. June 1978. Bangkok, Thailand
573
574 Milling. IRRI Rice Knowledge Bank (http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/step-by-
575 stepproduction/ postharvest/milling)
576
577 Codex Standard for Rice. 198-1995
578
579 Primer on Philippine Grains Standardization Program of the National Food Authority.
580
581 Rice Postharvest Technology. 1995. The Food Agency Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry
582 and Fisheries. Tokyo, Japan.
583
584 Rice Postproduction Technology A Technical Reference Guide. 2003. Philippine Rice
585 Postproduction Consortium. Japan Grain Inspection Association. National Food
586 Authority. Quezon City.
587
588 K. Dippon. 1990. Development of an animal-powered rice-huller. In Research for
589 development of Animal Traction in West Africa. Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop of
590 the West Africa Animal Traction Network held in Kano, Nigeria, 9-13 July 1990.
591 (http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ilri/x5483b/x5483b0j.htm

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