CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOGS

 Juan de Plasencia- Franciscan Friar, defender of the natives

 Santiago de Vera- chief justice of the Royal Audiencia and 6th Spanish Governor General
 Chiefs
 Datos-Captain in their wars
 Ruled over as many as hundred houses sometimes less than 30-BARANGAY
3 CASTES
 Free born
 Maharlika
NOBLES  Do not pay tax or tribute to the
dato but must accompany him in
war
 Aliping namamahay
 They live in their own houses
COMMONERS  Lords of their property and gold
 Cannot be made slaves nor can
be sold
 Aliping sa guguilir
 May be sold
SLAVES  He can ransom himself to
become aliping namamahay by
paying not less than 5 taels
MARRIAGE
 Maharlika (man)- children and mother(slave) will be free
 Maharlika (man) - the woman is not her slave he must give half of gold tael to the master
of the woman. Half of the child will be free
 Maharlika (woman)- children and the slave(man) will be free provided that he were not
her husband
 After marriage will pay a certain fine in gold in order to move from one village to another
DIVISION OF THE CHILDREN
 If the father/mother is slave all those belong to him/her will become slave
 If the father/mother is free all those belong to him/her will be free
 Even numbers of children- to the mother
 Odd numbers of children- to the father
 Only child- half free and half slave
MONEY
 Father’s debt is child’s debt
 INHERITANCE
 The legitimate children will be inherited equally
 The illegitimate children were not given a share of inheritance
 Adopted children inherit double of what was paid for their adoption
DIVORCE
 Wife left and marry the dowry will be given to the husband
 Wife left but not married to another the dowry will retain to her
 Husband leaves the wife he loses half the dowry
 Wife die without children her parents will return half of the dowry to the husband
 Husband died half of the dowry will be given to his relatives

MISSIONS OF THE PROVINCES OF ILOCOS AND

PANGASINAN IN GENERAL
 Antonio Mozo- Augustinian Missionary
 30 leguas
 Caste of Chinese
 Great degree of cruelty and are
IGOLOT barbarous
 Their only desire is to take
captives
 40 leguas
 Tractable, gentle, industrious
TINGGIAN  More civilized conditions
 Open to teachings of Christianity
 30 leguas
 Surpasses the Igorot’s cruelty,
bloodthirstiness, and barbarism
APAYAO  They ambushes in roads
 They do not celebrate funerals
and obsequies of their dead
 Fewer people
ADANG  Less powerful
 Dwell in inaccessible places
 Fray Francisco Cordova- was sent to Agoo
 Fray Manuel Carrilo accompanied by Mozo- miraculous change because of their
visitation (5 chiefs asked Carrilo to send missionaries)
 Fray Joseph Herice- “THE HUNTER OF THE SOUL” according to the Infidels

DECLARATION OF PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

 Ambrosia Rianzares Bautista
 lawyer and author of the Philippine Independence
 1st adviser to Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo
 The people of this country are tired of the Spanish domination
 The civil guards abuses and arrests the Filipinos who at times would shoot those who
attempted to escape.
 August 1896- the revolution started to regain the independence and sovereignty
 Abuses of powers by the officials
 Unjust execution of Rizal and others who were sacrificed
PHILIPPINE FLAG
 WHITE TRIANGLE
 Signifying the Katipunan which means of its blood compact inspired the
masses to rise in revolution
 SUN
 The gigantic steps made along the path of progress and civilization
 THE 8 RAYS
 8 provinces
 Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Laguna, Batangas
 THREE STARS
 3 principal islands
 Luzon, Mindanao, Panay
 THE COLOR BLUE, RED AND WHITE
 Commemorating the flag of the United States of North America as a
manifestation of our profound gratitude towards the great nation for its
disinterested protection which it lent us and continue lending us

POLITICAL CARICATURES OF THE AMERICAN ERA

 The Independent-newspaper
 Fernando Amorsolo- Painter, first national artist of the Philippines for painting.
Sharpened the cartoons cutting edge.
 Vicente Sotto- The publisher of The Independent

 Introduces the Spanish Cultural

Center in January 1917
 The Independent treasures
Spanish literacy but cannot forget
LONG LIVE SPAIN the abuses of the friars
 FR Spanish friars carrying devils
pitchfork
 Jesuits leaders holds a bleeding
dagger
 Drawn in early 1917 when
Manila City Fiscal Quintin
A DUEL TO DEATH Paredes filed 2 criminal libel
suits against the newspaper
 Php 200,000 in damages
 Jesuits-lean, wart nosed devils
 Dominicans-fat Hispanics
 Drawn as a big fighting cock
THERE ARE NO PROSECURING because of pursuing two libel
ATTORNEYS FOR JOBBERS suits against the newspaper
 instead of focusing into the
wartime food speculators
 Cavan of rice increase from 4.71
to 5.92
 The chinese progresses while
Filipinos stay the same
 It illustrates the chinese
MIENTRAS EL CHINO PROGRESA, corruption of Filipino civil
EL FILIPINO SE ESTANCA servants
 The independent suggests that
opium should be legalized as a
source of government revenue

SITE OF FIRST MASS; ANTONIO PIGAFETTA; FIRST

VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD
 Antonio Pigaffeta- Antonio Lombardo or Francisco Antonio Pigafetta
 Acquada da li buoni Segnalli- The great watering-place of Good Signs
 San Lazaro- named afterthey were discovered on the Sunday of St. Lazarus
 Seignior- power or authority of a feudal lord
THE FOUR ISLANDS WHERE MAGELLAN’S CREW THEIR COURSE
1. Cenalo- Dinagat
2. Hiunanghan- Cabugan
3. Ibusson- Gibuson
4. Abarien – Manicani
 Zumatra- a slave of Magellan was a native of this place. Part of Sundra Island
 All the dishes and some portion of the kings house are made out of gold
 King Raia Colambu
 1st king
 King Raia Siaui
 2nd king
 He was the finest looking man in the island
 Early morning of Sunday the last of March and Easter day the captain general sent the
priest to prepare the place where Mass was to be said
 Two kings were sprinkled with musk water by captain general
 The kings kiss the cross
 The body of the Lord was elevated they continue to worship the Lord
 After the mass some men took the communion
 The captain general arranged the fencing tournament at which the king were greatly
pleased
 They passed 5 islands- Ceylon, Bohol, Canighan, Baybai and Gatighan
 In Gatighan there were eagle with a sized of bats and tasted like chicken
 Zulu from Gatighan, the distance to Zubu being fifteen leagues. (one league = 5.556 km)
 CAVITE MUTINY
 Jose Montero Y. Vidal –his version of the Cavite Mutiny
 Filipinos wanted to overthrow the Spanish Government in the likes of The
GOMBURZA- Fr. Mariano Gomez, Fr. Jose Burgos, and Fr. Jacinto Zamora
 January 20, 1872(evening)
 Fireworks were displayed to celebrate the feast of the Virgin of Loreto
 They mistook this as a signal to revolt
 9:30pm of that day 200 native soldiers under the leadership of Sergeant La
Madrid rose up in arms.
 Governor Izquierdo- received the news
January 27, 1872 Captain-General fixed his “cumplase” on
the sentence
Eleven more sentence to death but was
February 6, 1872 commuted this sentence to life
imprisonment
the sentence of death was pronounced on
Camerino and ten years imprisonment on
February 8, 1872 eleven individuals of the famous “Guias
de la Torre” for the assassination of the
Spaniards
Sentenced to die by strangulation the
Filipino priests. D. Jose Burgos, D.
February 15, 1872 Jacinto Zamora and D. Mariano Gomez
at Francisco Saldua; Maximo Inocencio,
Enrique Paraiso at Crisanto de los Reyes
to 10 years imprisonment
Sto. Domingo Church celebrated a
special mass at which high officials of
the government, the religious
July 1872 corporations, and the general public
attended upon invitation by the
Governador and Captain General of the
Philippines
 Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera–his version of the Cavite Mutiny
 The arrival of General Izquierdo (1871-1873) was the signal for a complete
change in the aspect of affairs
 General Izquierdo announced that he intended to govern the people “with a
crucifix in one hand and a sword in the other”
 His first official act was to prohibit the founding of a school of arts and trades
because he believed that the establishment of the new school was a pretext for the
organization of a political club
 January 20, 1872. There was an uprising among the soldiers in the San Felipe fort,
in Cavite, where commanding officer and other Spanish officers were
assassinated
GOMBURZA
  Fr. Gomez- pure Tagalog
 Fr. Burgos-half-blood Spaniard
 Fr. Zamora- half-blood china man
RESULTS OF THE MUTINY
 One of the result Of the mutiny in Cavite was to strengthen the power of the friars in the
Philippine
 Filipinos looked upon the religious orders as their real masters and as the representative,
powerful and unsparing of the Spanish Kingdom
 Filipinos had never blamed the Spanish nation for the backward condition in which the
islands existed nor the injustices commited in the islands by the Spanish officials
 Filipino people aspire the independence of these islands because of the people who
sacrificed their selves to let other people see the condition of these islands
 Nothing was done by the government to blot out the recollection of these actions

CRY OF BALINTAWAK OR PUGAD LAWIN

Dr. Pio Guillermo Santiago Guardia Civil Gregoria De
Valenzuela Masangkay Alvarez Jesus

Balintawak was Barn of The conspiracy The activities of

the first place of Kabesang having been the Katipunan
refuge Melchora discovered, had reached
Aquino called Bonifacio and his nearly all corners
Sampalukan, followers of the Philippine
barrio of Bahay hurriedly fled to Archipelago
Toro the nearby town
of Caloocan
500 members of On August 26, On August 25, the first cry for
the Katipunan 1896, a big the Supreme freedom was on
met on Aug. 20 meeting was held Council called August 25, 1896
1896 at the house in Balintawak, at for a big meeting
of Apolonio the house of in the barrio of
Samson Apolonio Balintanac
Samson, then the
cabeza of that
barrio of
Caloocan
Views were only nine o’clock in
exchanged, and the morning, the
no resolution was meeting was
debated or opened with
adopted Andres
Bonifacio
presiding and
 Emilio Jacinto
acting as
secretary
On Aug. 23, At about 5 1,000 Orders were
1896, over 1000 o’clock in the Katipuneros met immediately sent
member of afternoon, the together on out to Manila,
Katipunan met at guards gave August 23, 1896 Cavite, Nueva
Pugad Lawin warning that the Ecija and other
Spaniards were provinces for the
coming Katipuneros to
strike at dawn on
Sunday, August
30th
Teodoro Plata, Led by Ready and eager
Bonifacio’s Bonifacio, to join the
brother-in-law, Emilio Jacinto “Supremo”
the only one man and other leaders Andres
who fought and of the Katipunan, Bonifacio and his
protested against the men were men
the war distributed in
strategic
positions and
were prepared
for the attack of
the civil guards
“LONG LIVE “LONG LIVE
THE THE SONS OF
PHILIPPINES! THE
LONG LIVE COUNTRY”
THE
PHILIPPINES!”
BORROMEO-BUEHLER’s Synthesis
 1st Interpretation: First shot between the Katipuneros and Civil Guards
 2nd Interpretation: Shouting in a cave
 3rd Interpretation: Formation of the Revolutionary Government
 4th Interpretation: Shredding of cedulas
Founding fathers of the Katipunan
 Deodato Arellano
 Andres Bonifacio
 Teodoro Plata
 Ladislao Diwa
 Valentin Diaz
 THE FIRST PRESIDENT: ANDRES BONIFACIO VS. EMILIO
AGUINALDO
 Apolinario Mabini
 Filipino political philosopher and architect of the Philippine revolution
Liga Filipina
 Organized By Rizal
 The society was dissolved but reorganized and Mabini as a secretary
 OBJECTIVES ARE:
1. To contribute to the support of La Solidaridad and the reforms it asked.
2. To raise funds to meet the expenses
 Thanks to Bonifacio’s efforts, people’s councils were soon organized in Tondo and Trozo
and other places. Did not agree with the society’s objectives
 Those who still want to keep up the publication formed the group of “The
Compromisarios”
 Andres Bonifacio reorganized the society under the name of “Katipunan ng manga Anak
ng Bayan” the Katipunan grew rapidly
THE REVOLUTION
head of the printing press of the Diario
de Manila discovered that some of his
August 1896 employees belonged to a secret society,
handed them over to the constabulary for
the corresponding investigation
Rizal(PUBLISHED La Solidaridad) was
shot and those really guilty of giving
30 December 1896 cause for the Filipinos to hate
very name of Spaniard were praised for
their patriotism
under the orders of Don Emilio
Aguinaldo, the town mayor, and of Don
11th November 1896 Candido Tirona, who died in the
encounter, were able to retake the
powder-magazine of Binacayan.
Andres Bonifacio went to Cavite to unify
the endeavors of the two.
General Polavieja, at the head of a
considerable force, boldly decided to
17th February 1897 overrun the province of Cavite, and
Edilberto, who was conducting the
defense of the Sapote river, died fighting
heroically
the members of both councils, together
with the principal military leaders,
gathered in the estate-house of Tejero.
Bonifacio agreed on the election of a
central government which would take
 charge of the general business of the
insurrection
 Don Emilio Aguinaldo- elected
president
12th March 1897  Don Mariano Trias- vice-
president
 Bonifacio- elected as director of
the department of the interior,
but, affronted when some of
those present opposed his
appointment because he was not
educationally qualified, he
walked out of the meeting,
declaring that, as head of the
Katipunan, he did not recognize
the validity of the decisions,
reached.
25th March 1897 Spaniards were captured and after 3 days
a battle was ensured
Aguinaldo called a meeting
 PRESIDENT: Emilio Aguinaldo
 VICE-PRESIDENT: Mariano
Trias
 DIRECTOR OF INTERIOR:
Pascual Alvarez
 DIRECTOR OF STATE: Jacinto
After Holy Week of 1897 Lumbreras
 DIRECTOR OF FINANCE:
Baldomero Aguinaldo
 DIRECTOR OF WELFARE:
Mariano Alvarez
 DIRECTOR OF JUSTICE:
Severino De las Alas
 DIRECTOR OF WAR: Emiliano
Reigo De Dios
 CAPTAIN GENERAL: Artemio
Ricarcte
With this event, Bonifacio decided to
leave Cavite
Almario criticized Agoncillo because:
 Agoncillo called Andes Bonifacio Plebeian hero or Folkloric
 Agoncillo believe that the Malolos Republic in 1898 was the result of the Philippine
Revolution
 Agoncillo called Andres Bonifacio not a poet and describing Bonifacio’s poem a
“Mediocre Piece”