Determination of Crack width for 600mm dia Pile subjected to Axial Load & Moment.

Material parameters
Grade of concrete = M 45
Characteristic strength of concrete fck = 45 N/mm2
Grade of steel = Fe 460
Yield stress of steel fy = 460 N/mm2
Max. Permissible stresses in concrete in compresssion (Bending) cbc = 14.5 N/mm2
Max. Permissible stresses for steel in flexural tension = 165 N/mm2
Modular ratio m = 6.44
1.5 x m = 9.66
Member forces
Axial load on pile = 40 T = P = 40000 kg
Moment on the pile = 1 T.m = My = 100000 kg.cm
Moment on the pile = 9.5 T.m = Mz = 950000 kg.cm
Resultant Moment on Pile = 9.55 T.m = MRes = 955249 kg.cm
Check for eccentricity
Eccentricity = M/P = e = 23.88 cm
Limit of eccentricity for the entire cross section to be in compression > 7.5 cm
Geometrical parameters used in the evaluation of crack width of the pile
Diameter of Pile = 600 mm = D = 60 cm
Distance between centre of the section to the outer most fibre R = 30 cm
No of longitudinal rebars Nb = 9 Nos
Diameter of longitudinal rebars f rebar = 20 mm
Area of the longitudinal reinforcment Ast = 28.27 cm2
Clear cover to reinforcement c = 7.5 cm
Effective cover = clear cover + cg of the rebar dc = 9.5 cm
Assuming that the steel bars are equivalent to a thin shell of the same cross sectional area
Diameter of thin shell of reinforcement Dshell = 41 cm
Distance between centre of section to cg of main steel (inner radius) ir = 20.5 cm
Effective depth of pile cross section deff = 50.5 cm
Secondary parameters used in the evaluation of crack width of the pile

 Nd  0.5  D  Cos a = -0.327

Cos a   
 0.5  D 

Cos b 
 Nd  0.5  D Cos b = -0.478
r
Sin a = 0.945
Nd R
Sin b = 0.878
 d a = 1.9036 radians
R a b
N
b A
= 2.0692 radians
Sin 4a = 0.971
Sin 2a = -0.617
Sin 2b = -0.840
Determination of neutral axis
Thickness of thin shell of reinforcement Ast / (2 p r) tshell = 0.220 cm
Assuming Neutral axis depth Coefficient N = 0.4000
Depth of Neutral axis (N x deff) dn = 20.20 cm

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Determination of Crack width for 600mm dia Pile subjected to Axial Load & Moment.

Expressions for evaluating fs1 from ∑P

Total compression in concrete above neutral axis, Cc Cc = 347 fs1
Total compression in steel above neutral axis, Cs Cs = 29 fs1
Total tension in steel below neutral axis, Ts Ts = 110 fs1
Expressions for evaluating fs2 from ∑M
Moment of compression in concrete about the centre line of section MCc = 7473 fs2
Moment of compression in steel about the centre line of section MCs = 529 fs2
Moment of tension in steel about the centre line of section MTs = 1500 fs2

Net axial stresses on the pile section Caxial = 266 fs1

Net bending stresses on the pile section Cben = 9502 fs2
Evaluation of extreme fibre stress in concrete
Evaluation of extreme fibre stress in concrete by first condition of equilibrium, i.e, ∑P = 0
Axial Load, P = (Cc + Cs - Ts) x fs1 fs1 = P/Caxial = 151 kg/cm2
Evaluation of extreme fibre stress in concrete by second condition of equilibrium, i.e, ∑M = 0
Moment, M = (MCc + MCs + MTs) x fs2 fs2 = M/Cben = 101 kg/cm2
Evaluation of internal forces & moments on cross section of pile
Total compression in concrete above neutral axis Cc = 52180 kg
Total compression in steel above neutral axis Cs = 4353 kg
Total tension in steel below neutral axis Ts = 16534 kg
Moment of compression in concrete about the centre line of section MCc = 751290 kg.cm
Moment of compression in steel about the centre line of section MCs = 53150 kg.cm
Moment of tension in steel about the centre line of section MTs = 150792 kg.cm
Evaluation of distance of centroid of tensile steel from centre of cross section of the pile
The distance of centroid of tensile steel, which is in the form of an arc of a circle, from the centre of the cross section of the pile has
been evaluated.
sin b
cg  r 
b (radians ) cg = 8.70 cm
Evaluation of extreme fibre stress in concrete
The mean value of fs1 & fs2 has been adopted as the final extreme fibre stress in concrete
fs1 = 151 kg/cm2
fs2 = 101 kg/cm2
Maximum compressive stress, cbc 0.5 x (150.59 + 100.53) = 126 kg/cm2
The distance of the centroid of tension steel from neutral axis has been evaluated as under
h 1  R  cg  d n (30 + 8.7 - 20.2) = 18.50 cm
The tensile stress at the centroid of tensile steel is evaluated as under
m   cbc  h 1 = 740 kg/cm2
 st 
dn < 1682 kg/cm3
= 11 kips/inch2
The distance from neutral axis to extreme fibre (h2), where crack width is calculated has been evaluated as under
h 2   2  R  dn = 39.80 cm
Determination of crack width of concrete on tensile face of pile
The crack width of the pile has been evaluated by the following Gerely - Lutz Equation, given in ACI 318R-95 Commentary of Building
code requirements for structural concrete published by the American Concrete Institute.
0.076    st  3 dc  A = 0.231 mm
cw 
1000
Dis tan ce of extreme tension fibre from Neutral Axis (h 2 ) = 2.15
 
Dis tan ce of centroid of tension steel from Neutral Axis (h1 )

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Determination of Crack width for 600mm dia Pile subjected to Axial Load & Moment.

Effective tension area of concrete surrounding the flexural tension reinforcement and having the same
A =
centroid, as that reinforcement, divided by the total number of bars in the pile

p   D  2  d  f   2  d  f  = 255.17 cm2
A 
Nb = 39.56 sq.inches
Summary
Actual Crack width = 0.009102 inches
= 0.23 mm
Permissible Crack width < 0.30 mm (Refer Cl 8.3.4 of IS: 4651 (Part-4) - 1989)
Conclusion
As the actual crack width is less than the permitted crack width, the design is safe in Limit state of serviceability.

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cl no.8.3.4 of
IS: 4651-part 4

(0.125 x D)

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 s section of the pile has

Safe

under

95 Commentary of Building

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 Hence safe

bility.

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