PCTC Cargo Operation

Issued by Cargo Quality Management Team

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CHAPTER F1. CONTENTS

1 STANDARIZED STOWAGE
1.1 Stowing distance and space
2.2 Parking instruction

2 LASHING/SECURING
2.1 Lashing material
2.2 Cargo securing
2.3 Passenger cars lashing : 2 forward and 2 aft lashings per vehicle
2.4 Small tractors & Trucks, Vans etc. – Weight < 2.5 MT
2.5 Tractor, Truck, Bus etc. – Between 2.6 MT ~ 5 MT
2.6 Large tractors, Trucks, Bus etc. – Between 5.1 MT ∼ 7 MT
2.7 Large tractors, Trucks, Bus etc. – Between 7.1 MT ∼ 10 MT
2.8 Cargo > 10MT always use chains
2.9 TGV
2.10 Cases & Static cargoes
2.11 Special & Awkward cargoes
2.12 Heavy cargoes
2.13 Chain box lashing
2.14 Correct & incorrect lashing/examples

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Chapter 1 : STANDARIZED STOWAGE

1.1 Stowing distance and space

As many vehicles as possible should be stowed horizontally, except in the ramp way with the
following distances maintained.

1.1.1 Stowage distances

1) Side to Side : 10cm(4˝)
2) Passenger side to Fixed objects(Pillar, Bulkhead) : 10cm(4˝)
3) Driver’s side to Fixed objects : 50cm(20˝)
4) Driver’s side of Key car to Unit/Fixed objects : 50cm(20˝)
5) Bumper to Bumper : 30cm(12˝)
6) Bumper to Fixed objects : 30cm(12˝)
7) Width of Passage : Min.30cm(12˝)
for Australian port only - Min.40cm(16˝)

1.1.2 Spaces & height clearance

1) The space in front of hold stairs should be kept about 50cm x 50cm.
2) Key car must be provided enough space for smooth discharging.
3) Check “KEY CAR” label on vehicle
4) Heavy weight vehicles must be given enough space for lashing/unlashing works.
5) Height clearance
a) Always ensure that there is sufficient height clearance (Min. 5cm) for the vehicles to be
loaded in the entire driveway as well in the deck intended for stowage.
b) In car decks with small head clearance (Less than 10cm), speed should be reduced in
order to pass them safely to minimum range.

c) If there are requirements of automobile maker, kindly follow it up primarily.

1.2 Parking instruction

1.2.1 Windows
All windows closed after parked on deck. Terminal operator should also be prepared to assist with
plastic type cover for windows that become disabled in open position,

1.2.2 Keys
Key should be removed from ignition at all times

1.2.3 Parking brake

Parking brake should be applied while units are on deck

1.2.4 No parking area

Sufficient space should be kept in the car deck around the sounding hole, fire fighting appliances,
etc.. it should be requested by the ship’s crew to superintendent and chief foreman during cargo
operation.

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Chapter 2 : LASHING/SECURING

2.1 Lashing material

All lashing should be done in accordance with the Vessel’s Cargo Securing Manual and to the
satisfaction of the Vessel Command, as the Master is ultimately responsible for the cargo
during the transit and seaworthiness of the vessel.

Ensure that the lashing work is given extremely good supervision, as this is the most critical
part from a quality perspective.

Basic rules for the use of different lashing materials is ;

Small lashing band (Car-lashing) For cars and units with a gross weight up to 2.5MT
Web Large lashing band (B/L 5Ton) For units between a gross weight of 2.6~10 MT
Lashing Span-set (B/L 10 Ton) For light static cargo and boats / yachts up to 10MT
Chains (11 mm) For units & cargo with a gross weight above 10MT

▶ See Table 1 – Determination MSL from Breaking Strength

The combination chain and sling - Break Load (B.L.), min. 15MT should be avoided and are
only allowed if no other means exist to protect the cargo from damages.

Maximum Securing Load (MSL) is a term to define the load capacity for lashing equipment
used to secure cargo to a ship.

For some securing devices a permissible load capacity may be prescribed and marked this
should be taken as MSL can be determined by using following values.

Table 1 – Determination of MSL from Breaking Strength

Material MSL
Shackles, rings, deck eyes, turnbuckles of mild
50 % of breaking strength
steel
Fiber rope 33 % of breaking strength
Web lashing 50 % of breaking strength
Wire rope (single use) 80 % of breaking strength
Wire rope (re-usable) 30 % of breaking strength
Steel band (single use) 70 % of breaking strength
Chains 50 % of breaking strength

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Table 2 – Lashing material per Type & Strength

▶ Breaking Load (B.L.) & Maximum Securing Load (MSL) for GLOVIS Lashing Equipment

1. Small lashing band for car

Type & Owner BL MSL Remark

GLOVIS Type 2.0 ton (new) 1.0 ton (new) Web lashing
(MSL : 50 % of BL)
“ 1.5 ton (old) 0.75 ton (old)

2. Large lashing band (Rollash)

Type & Owner BL MSL Remark

5.0 ton 2.5 ton

GLOVIS Type
10.0 ton 5.0 ton Web lashing
10 m Span-set (MSL : 50 % of BL)
10.0 ton 5.0 ton
Type

3. Chain lashing

Type BL MSL Remark

Chain 11 mm 15 ton 7.5 ton

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2.2 Cargo securing

The total of the MSL values of the securing devices on each side of a unit of cargo (Port as well
as Starboard) should equal the weight of the unit, expressed in metric tons.
Basically, lashings should be kept according to lashing standard (see Table3)
In case of customer’s requirement, kindly follow it up primarily
Ex) Cargo weight : 45 MT, Lashing chain : 11 mm (Breaking load 15 tons/Maximum Securing
Load 7.5 tons)

45 MT
▶ Number of chain = ------------------------ X 2 times = 12 chains
(Port : 6 chains, Stb’d : 6 chains) 7.5 tons in MSL

45 MT
▶ Number of chain = ------------------------ X 4 times = 12 chains
(Port : 6 chains, Stb’d : 6 chains) 15 tons in BL

▶ The Rules of Thumb Method

The total of the MSL values in Metric Ton the securing devices on each side of a unit of cargo
(Port as well as Starboard) should equal the weight of the unit in Metric Ton.
※ For guidelines on how many chains to be used per metric ton cargo, please see Table 3-2.

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Table 3. Lashing Guideline

Table 3.1 Lashing Guideline (General)

Lashing
No Car Type & Lashing Q'ty
. Cargo Material Athwart Additional lashing (Top 3 DK)
Fore & Aft load.
load. in Korea & Japan ports only

– Normal : 2 X 2
– 3 X 3 : on top 3 Dk only 5 & 3
Passenger car, – on fixed slope way :
1 3X3 rows of fore & aft respectively
SUV (<1.5 MT) 3(U) X 2(L) with 2
Small L / Band (at any time during the year)
wedges at driver's side
(MSL 0.75 or
1.0 ton) – Normal : 3 X 3
– 4 X 4 : on top 3 Dk only 5 & 3
SUV, Vans & – on fixed slope way :
2 4X4 rows of fore & aft respectively
truck < 2.5 MT 4(U) X 3(L) with 2
(at any time during the year)
wedges at driver's side
Truck, Tractor Large L / Band
3 etc 2.6 ~ 5.0 (Rollash) 2X2 3X3
MT (MSL 2.5 ton)
Truck, Tractor,
Large L / band
Bus & Ro-Ro 4X4+
4 (Rollash) (MSL 3X3
cargoes 5.1 ~ Chocks N/A
2.5 ton)
7.0 MT
Truck, Tractor,
Large L / band
Bus & Ro-Ro 6X6+
5 (Rollash) (MSL 4X4
cargoes 7.1 ~ Chocks
2.5 ton)
10.0 MT
– Kindly refer to the Lashing Guideline (Truck, High & Heavy cargo)
according to cargo weight
Ro/Ro & Chain Lashing – Cargo lashing, it is required 1 time (as MSL) of cargo weight in
6 H/H cargoes (11mm: minimum on both side (port & stb'd) respectively.
> 10 tons MSL 7.5 ton) – If vessel has not enough q'ty of lashing chain, allowed combination
of lashing (Chain + Round sling) or large band (BL 10 tons) only with
sufficient q'ty

Manufacture's
If the manufacture's lashing instruction was provided, it has priority than above.
requirements

Hook type
For some model of hook type lashing fitting, apply max. 3 lashing only
lashing fitting

Wheel type In case of over 10 tons of weight, wheel type Ro-Ro & H/H could be
Ro/Ro & H/H secured with large band with wedges
– If possible, do not stow athwartships for cargoes of weight more than 10.0 tons such
as truck tractor, bus & High/Heavy cargo
– Procedure of request for additional lashing in last port of Europe for H/H cargo
a) At anytime during the year
b) If additional lashing was required for loaded cargo at previous port, port captain, cargo
Remark superintendent or agent has to be informed prior to arrival next ports in Europe
c) Normally 1 day in advance but according to situation
– Cargo superintendent has optional decision for additional lashing depending on
lashing band condition

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Table 3.2 Lashing Guideline (Truck, High & Heavy Cargo)

Following to be used as Guideline to determine number of chains required on each side (Port as well as
Starboard) of cargo to DK

Chain :11 mm

Number of Chains(11 mm, B. L: 15 ton, S.W.L≒ MSL: 7.5 ton) to be used on EACH SIDE (Port as well
as Stb'd) of the unit to DK

Total Weight of cargo and cargo carrier (Mton)

10 15 22 30 37 45 53 60 68 75 83 90 98 105 113 120 128

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 #

Number of chains to be used on EACH SIDE (Port & Stb'd) of the unit to deck

[Example] Cargo weight 60.5 Mton and Cargo Carrier (Roll-trailler) 10 Mton 60.5 + 10 = 70.5 Mton

☞ 70.5 Mton gives 10 chains (MSL 7.5 ton) on each side a total of 20 chains in minimum
Port : cargo weight 70.5 ton = 10 chains X 7.5 ton (MSL of chain)
Stb'd : cargo weight 70.5 ton = 10 chains X 7.5 ton (MSL of chain)

☞ B.L : Breaking Load, MSL : Maximum Securing Load, SWL : Safe Working Load, MSL
≒ SWL (Pls refer to the CSM)
☞ For B.L & MSL of each lashing material, pls refer to the Cargo Securing Manual

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Table 3.3 Lashing Materials Specification

Lashing Materials
S.W.L B.S Specification
Description
Overcentre buckle type

Valid length 1.8M / PE web band in 27mm width Hook in black

Small Lashing 1.0 for car, in red for deck
2.0 ton Hooks & buckle lever PVC coated,
band ton
Hooks galvanized + bonded + full PVC coated
Assembly to pass the cyclic loading test in accordance with
EN12195 Part. 2 to ensure limited slippage
Ratchet buckle type with 1M extension sling

Valid length 3.5M+0.5M, PE web band in 50mm width Metallic

2.5 parts galvanized
Large lashing band 5.0 ton Grip with steel reinforced plastic.
ton
Pulling lever-end PVC coated Flat hook galvanized: for deck &
Double J (wire)-Hook galvanized + bonded + full PVC coated:
for car

7.5 D11mm X 3.5 M (or 6.0M), hook + hook painted with blue
Chain lashing 15 ton
ton primer and tension lever

1.0
for Car 2.0 ton length : 1.2 M, width : 27mm
Round ton
sling for Truck, 7.5 15.0
length : 2.0 M, width : 50mm
Bus, H/H ton ton

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2.3 Passenger cars lashing : 2 forward and 2 aft lashings per vehicle

※ 4 lashings to cars stowed in fore and aft direction

※ 6 lashings to cars stowed athwart ships without wedge.

※ 5 lashings to cars stowed on ramps where 3 lashings are to be used on the upper end, and
at least 2 wedges shall be put under the wheels on driver side.
And lashing hook should be attached from shipping hooks

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2.4 Small tractors & Trucks, Vans etc.- Weight < 2.5 MT

※ 3 small band (car lashings) in each end to vehicles stowed in fore and aft direction.

※ 4 small band (car lashings) in each end to vehicles stowed athwart ships.

2.5 Tractor, Truck, Bus etc. - Between 2.6 MT ~ 5 MT

※ 2 large bands (rollash) in each end to vehicles stowed in fore and aft direction.

※ 3 large bands (rollash) in each end to vehicles stowed athwart ships

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2.6 Larger tractors, Trucks, Bus etc. - Between 5.1 MT ~ 7 MT

※ 3 large bands (rollash) in each end to vehicles stowed in fore and aft direction.

※ 4 large bands (rollash) in each end to vehicles stowed athwart ships with chocks.

2.7 Large tractor, Truck, Bus etc. - Between 7.1 MT ~ 10 MT

※ 4 large bands (rollash) or 2 chains in each end to vehicles stowed in fore & aft.

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※ 6 large bands (rollash) in each end to vehicles stowed in fore and aft direction with chocks.

2.8 Cargo > 10MT always use chains

1) An even number of 11 mm-chains are to be placed symmetric around the unit (minimum 4
to be used).
2) Please see Table 3-Lashing guideline.

2.9 TGV

2.9.1 80’ MAFI (POWERCAR : 52.94 MT)

1) 80’ MAFI(POWERCAR, MOTORCAR) : 28Chain

STUFFING : 4Chain
Cargo to deck : 12Chain
MAFI to deck : 12Chain
2) Dimension of Lashing chain : Lashing chain 11mm
Hook/Hook, L = 3m, Safety Working Load = 7,500kg

2.10 Cases & Static cargoes

1) For guidelines on how many chains to be used per metric ton cargo see Table 3-Lashing
guideline.
2) It is up to the Cargo superintendent and/or the command of the vessel to evaluate if the
content in a sealed or closed case is properly secured on to the case and proper lashings
can be attached direct to the unit, not only the case.

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If not possible to properly secure the unit without removing the seal or open the case,
contact shall be made with appropriate representative (e.g. Customer service, Booking
Office, Forwarder, Shipper etc.) to seek such approval or guarantee that the unit is properly
secured inside the case.

If such approval or guarantee does not achieved and still not possible to ensure safe
securing, the unit shall not be loaded.

2. 11 Special & Awkward cargoes

1) Special cargo is all cargo of unusual size and shape that requires special handling and/or
stowage and securing.
2) Cargo Superintendent or Port Captain will be in contact with customers as to how such
cargo shall be handled, stowed and secured and stevedores will be advised accordingly.
3) For guidelines on how many chains to be used per metric ton cargo, Please see Table 3-
Lashing guideline.

2.12 Heavy cargoes

1) Heavy cargo is all cargo that ‘Uniform & Axle load’ of stern/side ramp, inner ramps & decks
on the ship should be reviewed before loading.
2) Cargo Superintendent or Port Captain will be in contact with customers as to how such
cargo shall be handled, stowed and secured and stevedores will be advised accordingly.
3) For guidelines on how many chains to be used per metric ton cargo, see Table 3-Lashing
guideline.

2.13 Chain box lashing

Single over-lashing is not sufficient to secure a chain box.
Recommended procedures for securing a chain box on a car deck are as follows

1) Put a rubber pad under the chain box to increase friction in the bottom of the box does not
already have friction material.
2) Use 4 lashings on the top corner fitting or a minimum of two cress(x) lashings
3) Chain box can be stacked up to a maximum of two tiers

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2.14 Correct & incorrect lashing/examples

2.14.1 Passenger car

(Fig.1) 30°~60° angle on lashings from bumper ( ~ 45° preferable)

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(Fig.2) Lashing for fore and aft loading (2 X 2)

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(Fig.3) Lashing for athwart ship loading (3 X 3)

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(Fig.4) Lashing on rampway (2 X 4)

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(Fig.5) Lashing with wedge on rampway

This placement of wedge should be performed by lashers

(Fig.6) Make sure that lashings do not touch/rub the spoilers or other part of the vehicle

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(Fig.7) Web sling

On some car models it may be necessary to use a sling between the lashing and the tie-down
point, in order to minimize the risk of lashing-related damages to spoilers/bumpers. Whenever
slings are needed, make sure that only one car-lashing is applied into each loop.

(Fig.8) Make sure that the lashing-hook is properly connected to the sling

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(Fig.9) One lashing per a loop (1)

(Fig.10) One lashing per a loop (2)

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(Fig.11)Incorrect Lashing in Rims

Never lash at the 12 o’clock position, as the lashing may slacken during the sea voyage
(Left, front –wheel)

(Fig.12)Correct Lashing in Rims

(Left, front –wheel)

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(Fig.13) Incorrect lashing arrangement

Attention :
1) Drop lashings behind vehicles as they are parked.
2) Never placing hands on the vehicle when lashing.
3) Lashing work must be simultaneously with the loading.
4) 30~60° angle on lashings from bumper (~45° Preferable).
5) Make sure that lashings do not touch/rub the spoilers or other part of the vehicle.
6) All lashings NOT USED should be laid down on deck or safely secured, which will reduce
the potential of the lashing hitting vehicles during the vessel rolling and/or pitching.
7) Don’t drop or throw lashing materials, and do not walk around with loose lashings

(Fig.14) Correct lashing arrangement(Inside the support bar when at sea)

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2.14.2 Tractors, Vans, Small trucks - Weight < 2.5MT

(Fig.1) Fore and aft loading (3 X 3)

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