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Weeks 6-10 Focused Hints

Week 6
Number Rule:
 Numbers 1-10 are in WORD form.
EX. I will tell you one more time!
 Numbers 11 and higher are typically written in NUMERAL form.
EX. It takes 21 repetitions of an action to make a habit and 100 to make it a no-brainer.
 When situation is mixed, be consistent; choose WORD or NUMERAL form for both.

Comma Rule:
 Set apart dependent or introductory clauses from independent clauses (complete sentences: EX. When the alarm goes off, it
is time to wake up.

Spelling:
 For words that have a short vowel sound (tap, cap, drum), double the final consonant when adding a suffix to maintain that
short sound.
EX. tap = tapping = tapped; cap = capping = capped; drum = drumming = drummed
 For words that end with a silent “e,” (tape, come, have), drop the “e” and add “-ing.”
EX. tape = taping; come = coming; have = having

Word Usage:
 it’s vs. its: it’s = it is; its = shows possession: EX. The cat licked its paw.

Week 7
Spelling:
 For words that end with a consonant-“y” pattern (puppy, party, marry), drop “y” and add “ies” when ending with an “s.”
Rule 1: If a consonant comes before the Y, you drop the Y and add an "ies." Rule 2: If a vowel comes before the Y, add an S.
 EX. puppy = puppies; party = parties; marry = marries
 For words that end with a vowel-“y” pattern (day, toy, play), just add “s.”
EX. day = days; toy = toys; play = plays.

Word Usage:
 we’re vs. were vs. where: we’re = we are; were = the past tense of “are” where = places.
EX. We are here now. We were there before. We spent Paul’s birthday at New Baltimore Park, a place where it really feel like
you’ve gone back in time.
 farther vs. further: farther = used to talk about physical distances.
EX. Jo-Jo threw the softball farther than Sally.
 further = used when referring to conversations or ideas
EX. When Emily asked a delving question, the professor decided the topic should be discussed further.

Week 8
Word Usage:
 you’re vs. your: you’re = you are; your = shows possession
EX. You’re going to get in big trouble, mister, if you don’t improve your attitude!

Commonly confused words:


 which vs. witch: Always use which unless you’re talking about black magic!
EX. I don’t understand why it’s so difficult to know which word to use! How many sentences do YOU write about an old
witch riding a broom and casting spells?
Single vs Double Quotation Marks
 Single quotation marks are used when you're quoting someone within a quotation.
EX. Her mother asked, "Why did you call that man 'idiot'?"
 In a headline single quotation marks are used in place of the standard double quotation marks.
EX. Heroic Mom: 'I did it for my kids'
Apostrophes:
 USE THEM!! don’t, can’t, won’t, it’s, isn’t, haven’t
Apostrophes show your reader that you have deleted a letter from a word.
not = n’t; is = ’s

Week 9
Semi-colon:
 Use a semi-colon to separate two closely related complete sentences (independent clauses).
EX. My 10-year-old cousin Warren is a huge BEATLES fan; he knows all the words to all the songs on all the albums.
EX. I’m busy tonight; we’ll hang out next week.
EX. The two of us spent all day in the park; it was lovely.

Comma:
 Use a comma to separate two equal adjectives.
Equal adjectives are adjectives that describe the same noun and 1) can be said in any order, 2) can be used with or without
each other, and 3) would sound good if you put the word “and” in between them.
EX. Warren is a quiet, intelligent boy.
Warren is an intelligent, quiet boy.
Warren is a quiet and intelligent boy.
 Use a comma in a list of three or more items.
EX. My cousin Warren likes listening to The BEATLES, playing piano, and reading Harry Potter books.
 Use a comma to set off an introductory clause from the main sentence.
EX. When I talk about grammar, I get really enthusiastic!

Week 10
Comma:
 Use a comma to separate parenthetical elements (a descriptive phrase).
EX. My friends, Liz and Pam, are visiting today.
 Use a comma conjunction (FANBOYS) to conjoin two independent clauses (sentences)
EX. She likes tomatoes, but she doesn’t like ketchup.

Spelling:
 For words that end with a consonant-“y” pattern (puppy, party, marry), drop “y” and add “ies” when ending with an “s.”
Rule 1: If a consonant comes before the Y, you drop the Y and add an "ies." Rule 2: If a vowel comes before the Y, add an S.
 EX. puppy = puppies; party = parties; marry = marries
 For words that end with a vowel-“y” pattern (day, toy, play), just add “s.”
EX. day = days; toy = toys; play = plays

Proper Noun:
 a name used for an individual person, place, or organization, spelled with initial capital letters
 EX. Larry, New Baltimore, and Detroit Tigers.
Colon:
 Use a Colon to introduce a list
EX. Please bring all of your items: a pencil, a pen, and lined paper.
 Use a Colon between independent clauses when the second explains or illustrates the first and for emphasis
EX. It’s official: from now on no one under twelve is allowed in the trampoline.
EX. Never fear: the thunder cannot hurt you.

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