SURGE TANK DESIGN CALCULATION & ANALYSIS

Design Data:
W.W.L.= 688 masl Weir Water Level
Qd= 3.04 m3/s Design Discharge
Hl = 1250 m Headrace Length
ØHt = 1.1 m Headrace Pipe Inside Diameter
AHt = 0.95 m2 Headrace Pipe Area
Vo = 3.2 m/s Headrace flow Velocity
2
V /2g= 0.522
R= 0.275
n= 0.012

Minimum Cross Section Area by (THOMAS CRITERION):

Asmin= [(Hl*AHT)/(Hlmin*(H-Hlmin)]*(v2/2g)

FRICTION HEADLOSS
2 2 4/3
∆h= (V o *n *HL)/(R )
Hlmin= 10.31 m

H= 184 m Gross Head

Hnet= 173.69 m

Asmin= 0.36 m2
Asmin= 0.72 m2 WITH F.S. OF 2

USING SURGE TANK SIZE:

ØSt = 8.2
ASt = 52.81 m2 (ABOVE MIN.)

Maximum Up Surge for Instatenous Load Rejection Case

(Up Surge as per Charles Jaeger's Equation:)
Zmax= Vo* √[(Hl*A Ht )/(g*A st) ]
Po= Hf/Zmax
2
Zup= Zmax* (1-2/3Po + 1/9Po )

Qd Qd .9Qd .8Qd .7Qd .6Qd .5Qd .4Qd

hf= 10.31 8.35 6.60 5.05 3.71 2.58 1.65
Zmax= 4.845 4.36 3.876 3.391 2.907 2.422 1.938
Po= 2.127 1.915 1.702 1.489 1.276 1.064 0.851
Zup= 0.41 0.57 0.726 0.86 0.96 1.009 0.994

PERIOD OF MASS OSCILLATION

T= 2 π √[(Hl*A st )/(g*A Ht )]
T= 528.806 sec
T= T/4 time of max. Surge
T= 132.2015 sec

SURGE LEVEL AT TIME (t)

z= -Z*sin(2 π /T)*t
MAXIMUM UP SURGE FOR
z Elev. t INSTATENOUS LOAD REJECTION
-4.845 683.155 0 689
0.049 688.049 10 688
0.268 688.268 60 687
ELEVATION (m)

0.38 688.38 100 686

0.406 688.406 120 685

0.408 688.408 140 684

0.388 688.388 160 683

0.346 688.346 180 682

0.284 688.284 200 681

0.07 688.07 250 680

-0.168 687.832 300

time (sec)
-0.349 687.651 350
-0.41 687.59 400 WEIR WATER LEVEL SURGE LEVEL
-0.231 687.769 478.522

(Up Surge as per IS 7396)

(L/2g фβ*β*Vo*Vo) - Zm/βVo * Vo - [(L/2gфβ*βVo*Vo)*(e-2gф/L)*(Zm+βVo*Vo) ]= 0
where:
ф= Ast/Aht
ф= 55.589
2
β= hf/V
β= 1.007

try Zm= 1.2 Max. Up surge level

-0.006 = 0
SURGE LEVEL AT TIME (t)
z Elev. t MAXIMUM UP SURGE FOR
-4.845 683.155 0 INSTATENOUS LOAD REJECTION
0.142 688.142 10
0.785 688.785 60
690
689
1.113 689.113 100 688
1.187 689.187 120

ELEVATION (m)
687
1.195 689.195 140 686

1.135 689.135 160 685

1.012 689.012 180 684

683
0.831 688.831 200
682
0.204 688.204 250 681
-0.493 687.507 300 680
-1.021 686.979 350
-1.199 686.801 400 time (sec)
-0.675 687.325 478.522
WEIR WATER LEVEL SURGE LEVEL

Maximum Down Surge for Instatenous Load Rejection Case

(Down Surge as per Calame & Gaden Equation:)

when: Po < 0.8
Po= 2.127

Zdn= Zmax + Po/8

Zdn= 5.110875 m

(Down Surge as per E. Braun Equation)

Zdn= Po/2 + √[(Po/2)^2-0.8*Po*Zmax+Zmax^2]
Zdn= 5.108 m

(Down Surge as per Ph. Forhchheimer Equation)

Zdn= 0.178*Po+ √[(0.178*Po)^2+Zmax^2]
Zdn= 5.238 m
 .3Qd .2Qd .1Qd
0.93 0.41 0.10
1.453 0.969 0.484
0.638 0.425 0.213
0.901 0.714 0.418

P SURGE FOR
LOAD REJECTION

SURGE LEVEL

)*(Zm+βVo*Vo) ]= 0
P SURGE FOR
LOAD REJECTION

SURGE LEVEL