Theme: Division Research Summit 2018 “PAGDUKIDUKI”

Date: September 13, 2018

Data Analysis with Computer Applications by Galano Petilos, Ph. D.

Quantitative Research Analysis

 Look for a problem

 Identify the variable
 Identify the measurement of variable (direct and Indirect)
 Collection of Data
 Analysis of Data
 Interpretation of Data
*(Go back to the problem)

Variable- A characteristic of person, object or entity that can change in quality or quantity.

Constant- A characteristic of person, object or entity that does not change.

Illustration 1.

Population: Public School Teachers in REGION 8

Variables:

 Gender
 Age
 Length of service
 Marital status
 Salary
 Educational Attainment
 Work Performance
 Religion
 Level of Motivation
 Atitude toward Teaching
 Tenure


Illustration 2: Senior High School Students currently enrolled in Region 8

Variables:

 Gender
 Age
 Attitude towards schooling
 Level of interest in math
 Math ability
 Reading ability
  Type of High school enrolled in
 Curriculum (Strand)

Variables may be categorized as:

 Quantitative Variable
 Qualitative Variable

 Example of Quantitative Variable

 Age
 Length of service
 Salary
 Work performance (Scores)
 Level of motivation (Scores)
 Attitude towards Teaching (Scores)

 Example of Qualitative Variables

 Gender
 Marital Status
 Educational Attainment
 Religion
 Tenure

Classification of Variables according to Relationship

Example: Does gender influence….religion….tenure…educational attainment… etc.

Independent Variable (or Variate) - variable that influences another variable and variable that causes
the variation of another variable.

Dependent Variable (or Criterion) - variable that is influenced by another variable.

Temporal Sequence:

Independent Variable Dependent Variable Y

X Y

Other Type of Independent Variables:

Moderator variable- An independent variable which influences (moderates) the impact of an

independent variable on a dependent variable.

Intervening Variable- an intermediate variable that is produced by the main independent variable which
in turn influences the dependent variable.
Control Variable- Independent variable that is rendered as constant

Classification of variables:

 Continuous Variable- variable that can assume an unlimited number of intermediate values
within a specified range of values.
 Example:
 Height
 Age
 Weight
 Teaching experience
 Attitude towards teaching
 Discrete variable- variable that can take on only designated values *finite or countable
 Example
 Number of children in a family
 Number of service vehicles of government agencies
 Scores on a standardized multiple choice

Scales of Measurement

 Nominal scale (Label) example: sex: Male-1 Female- 0

 Ordinal scale (Rank) example: Social Economic Status: 1- Low, 2- Average, 3- High
 Interval scale (Equal Interval) example: IQ scores, Temperature in Degree Celsius, Achievement
score on a standardized test
 Ratio scale (True Zero Point) Example: Age, Height, Weight, Work Experience