NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOHY SIKKIM

Ravangla Campus
Barfung Block, Ravangla Sub Division, South Sikkim 737139

Assignment: Module 4
Subject: Engineering Physics (PH12101)
Academic Year (2019-2020)

1. For a 30 km long fiber attenuation 0.8 dB/km at 1300 nm. If a 200 W power is launched into
the fiber, find the output power.
2. A low loss fiber has average loss of 3 dB/km at 900 nm. Compute the length over which (a)
power decrease by 50%, (b) power decrease by 75%.
3. When mean optical power launched into an 8 km length of fiber is 12 W, the mean optical
power at the fiber output is 3 W. Determine:
(a) Overall signal attenuation in dB.
(b) The overall signal attenuation for a 10 km optical link using the same fiber with splices at 1
km intervals, each giving an attenuation of 1dB.
4. A continuous 12 km long optical fiber link has a loss of 1.5 dB/km.
(a) What is the minimum optical power level that must be launched into the fiber to maintain as
optical power level of 0.3 W at the receiving end?
(b) What is the required input power if the fiber has a loss of 2.5 dB/km?
5. The input power to an optical fiber is 2 mW while the power measures at the output end is 2
W. If the fiber attenuation is 0.5 dB/km, calculate the length of the fiber.
6. The core of a glass fiber has refractive index 1.5, while its cladding is dope to give a fractional
change in refractive index equal to 0.05. Find (i) refractive index of clad (ii) critical internal
reflecting angle (iii) acceptance angle, and (iv) numerical aperture.
7. Calculate the numerical aperture, acceptance angle and critical angle of a fiber having core
refractive index 1.5 and cladding refractive index 1.45.
8. A glass fiber has a core material of refractive index of 1.46 and cladding material has a
refractive index of 1.42. If it is surrounded by air, then compute (i) the critical angle (i) at core
cladding boundary (ii) maximum angle of incidence.
9. An optical fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.20 and cladding refractive index of 1.59.
Determine the acceptance angle for the fiber in water, which has refractive index 1.33.
10. Light gathering capacity of an optical fiber is 0.479. If relative core cladding index difference
is 0.005. Calculate the refractive index of cladding if the outside medium is air.
11. Calculate the maximum value of angle of incidence that a ray can make with the axis of the
fiber such that it is guided through the fiber for the following fiber parameters: (i) n 1 = 1.6, n2 =
1.5 (ii) n1 = 2.1, n2 = 1.5.

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12. An optical fiber has NA of 0.15 and cladding refractive index is equal to 1.5. Find the
numerical aperture of the fiber in a liquid of refractive index 1.3. Also find the refractive index
of the core.
13. What will be the critical angle and acceptance angle for a ray in a step index fiber for which
n1 = 1.53 and which has cladding whose refractive index is 2.5% less than that of core.
14. A step index fiber has a normalized frequency = 26.6 at 1300 nm wavelength. If the core is
50 m thick, calculate the acceptance angle of the fiber.
15. A step index fiber with core diameter of 30 m and n1 = 1.530 and n2 = 1.515 show
absorption of 0.00002% of the incident power at each reflection of the core-clad boundary. Find
the attenuation in dB/km for a ray suffering 106 reflections in a fiber length of 1km. Assume that
there are no other losses.
16. 4. A step index fiber has a core refractive index of n1 = 1.425. The cut-off angle for light
entering the fiber from air found to ne 8.50. (a) Calculate the numerical aperture of the fiber. (b)
Find the index of refraction of the cladding of this fiber. (c) What would be the numerical
aperture and cut-off angle if the fiber were submersed in water?
17. An optical fiber operating in wavelength λ =1.31 μm has diameter 50 μm with refractive
index of core n1 = 1.5, and refractive index of cladding n2=1.49. Calculate the numerical aperture
of the fiber and also the pulse spread due to modal dispersion of the fiber over a length 10 km.
18. A step index fiber is made with a core of refractive index 1.52, a diameter of 29m, and a
fractional refractive index difference of 0.0007. It is operated at a wavelength of 1.3 m. Find V-
number.
19. An optical fiber operating at 1.50m has a small value of core diameter 5.0m and refractive
index difference 0.0075. Calculate the normalized frequency and acceptance angle, given n2=1.4.
20. A step‐index fiber with refractive indexes n1 = 1.444 and n2 = 1.443 operates at λ0 = 1.55 μm.
Determine the core radius at which the fiber V parameter is 10.