P-delta effects represent the additional overturning moments
produced by the gravity loads acting through the deflections produced by lateral loads.
Eng. Abdellatef Radwan 1
P-Delta Effects (continued)
To obtain the story drift for determining P-delta effects, the design story drift D is to be multiplied by [1.0/ (1- q)].
Eng. Abdellatef Radwan 2
P-Delta Effects (continued)
Where q is greater than qmax , the structure is potentially unstable
and shall be redesigned The following load case shall be used: 1.20 D + 1.20 Mech. + 0.50 LL
Eng. Abdellatef Radwan 3
P-Delta Effects (Example)
A 15-story building has a steel special moment-resisting
frame (SMRF). The following information is given: • Seismic Design Category D • R = 8.5, Cd = 5.5, Ie =1.0 At the first story (h1 = 6.0 m ), • ΣD = W = 38461 KN, ΣL = 17133 KN • V1 = V = 0.042W = 1615.36 KN • Ratio of shear demand to shear capacity (b) Is permitted to be conservatively taken as 1.0. In this example take = 0.80
Eng. Abdellatef Radwan 4
P-Delta Effects (Example) Continued
Deflection at level X=1 due to seismic base shear V (without
p-delta effect) d1e = 0.003 h1 = 0.018 m Determine the following: 1. Initial design story drift D in the 1st story 2. P-delta criteria for the building 3. Check the 1st story for P-delta requirements 4. Final design story drift and story shear in the first story 5. Check for story drift compliance in the 1st story
Eng. Abdellatef Radwan 5
P-Delta Effects (Example) Continued
1. Initial design story drift D in the first story
At story X=1, the preliminary design story drift is
D = (dx – dx-1) = (d1 – d0) = (d1 – 0) = d1 d1 = Cd die / I = 5.5 (0.018)/1.0 = 0.1 m Now: D = 0.1 2. P-delta criteria for the building If stability coefficient q < 1.0, ignore P-delta effect
Eng. Abdellatef Radwan 6
P-Delta Effects (Example) Continued
3. Check P-delta requirements for the first story
ASCE7-10 sec 12.8.7, requires that the total vertical load P1 at the 1st story be considered the total ∑D + ∑L above 1st story. These loads are un-factored for determination of P-delta effect. P1 = ∑D + ∑L = 38461+17133 = 55594 KN For story X=1,
Check for q ≤ qmax using the given b = 0.80 qmax = 0.5/(b Cd) = 0.5/(0.8*5.5)=0.1136 < 0.25…. ok
Eng. Abdellatef Radwan 7
P-Delta Effects (Example) Continued
4. Final design story drift and story shear in first story
When q > 0.10, the initial design story drift and design story shear must be augmented by the incremental factor ad related to P-delta effects. ad =[1/(1-q)]= 1/(1-.104) = 1.116 • The final design story drift in the 1st story is D1 = ad D = (1.116)*0.10*1000 = 112 mm • The final design story shear is V1 = ad V1 = 1.116*1615.36 = 1802.74 KN
Eng. Abdellatef Radwan 8
P-Delta Effects (Example) Continued
5. Check for story drift compliance in the first story
Allowable story drift Dallow = 0.02 h1 Dallow = 0.02 (6.0*1000) = 120 mm D1 = ad D = 112 mm < Dallow = 120 mm …. Ok