Apendix

HANDBOOK OF PVC PIPE
PUBLISHED DESIGN GUIDES
AND RECOMMENDATIONS
471
© Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, 2001

PUBLISHED DESIGN GUIDES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
As a supplement to the design data and recommendations in this

handbook, this appendix provides a partial list of publications containing
information on PVC piping systems:
Pressure Pipe Applications
“AWWA Manual M23 - PVC Pipe - Design and Installation”

American Water Works Association
6666 West Quincy Avenue
Denver, CO 80235
Pressure Pipeline Design for Water and Wastewater

American Society of Civil Engineers
1801 Alexander Bell Drive
Reston, VA 20191
“Recommended Standards for Water Works,” Great Lakes-Upper

Mississippi River Board of State Public Health and Environmental
Managers. (Ten States’ Standard)
Published by:
Health Education Service
P.O. Box 7126
Albany, NY 12224
“Manual on the Selection and Installation of Thermoplastic Water

Well Casing”
Plastic Pipe Institute
1825 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Suite 680
Washington, DC 20009
Natural Gas Distribution and Transmission Applications
“AGA Plastic Pipe Manual for Gas Service,” 1994, Catalog No.
XR9401
American Gas Association
1515 Wilson Boulevard
Arlington, VA 22209
472

PUBLISHED DESIGN GUIDES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
“Maintenance and Operation of Gas Systems,” November 1970, Army

TM5-654,
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Sewer Pipe Applications
“ASCE/WPCF Design Manual for Gravity Sanitary Sewers”

American Society of Civil Engineers
1801 Alexander Bell Dr.
Reston, VA 20191
Water Environment Federation

601 Wythe Street
Alexandria, VA 22314
“Recommended Standards for Wastewater Facilities,” Great Lakes-

Upper Mississippi River Board of State and Provincial Health and
Environmental Managers. (Ten States’ Standard)
Published by:
Health Education Service
PO Box 7126
Albany, NY 12224
Uni-Bell Standards and Technical Reports
Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association

2655 Villa Creek Drive, Suite 155
Dallas, TX 75234
(972) 243-3902
UNI-B-1 Recommended Specification for Thermoplastic Pipe

Joints, Pressure and Non-Pressure Applications
UNI-B-6 Recommended Practice for Low-Pressure Air Testing

of Installed Sewer Pipe
UNI-B-8 Recommended Practice for the Direct Tapping of

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Water Pipe
473

UNI-B-9 Recommended Performance Specification for Polyvinyl

Chloride (PVC) Profile Wall Gravity Sewer Pipe and
Fittings Based on Controlled Inside Diameter (Nominal
Pipe Sizes 4 - 48 Inch)
UNI-PUB-3 PVC Pipe - Technology Serving the Water Industry
UNI-PUB-6 Installation Guide for PVC Sewer Pipe
UNI-PUB-7 External Corrosion of Underground Water Distribution

Piping Systems
UNI-PUB-8 Tapping Guide for AWWA C900 Pressure Pipe
UNI-PUB-9 Installation Guide for PVC Pressure Pipe
UNI-TR-1 Deflection: The Pipe/Soil Mechanism
UNI-TR-3 Maintenance of PVC Sewer Pipe
UNI-TR-5 The Effects of Ultraviolet Aging on PVC Pipe
UNI-TR-6 PVC Force Main Design
UNI-TR-7 Thermoplastic Pressure Pipe Design and Selection
474

PVC PIPE DIMENSIONS
475

PVC PRESSURE PIPES
CLASS 100 DR 25 (C.I.O.D.) PER AWWA STANDARD C900
Nominal t t Average Approximate*

Pipe Size, in min., in tolerance, in O.D., in max. bell O.D., in
4 0.192 +0.023 4.80 6.00
6 0.276 +0.033 6.90 8.25
8 0.362 +0.043 9.05 10.50
10 0.444 +0.053 11.10 13.25
12 0.528 +0.063 13.20 15.50

4 0.267 +0.032 4.80 6.13
6 0.383 +0.046 6.90 8.50
8 0.503 +0.060 9.05 10.75
10 0.617 +0.074 11.10 13.50
12 0.733 +0.088 13.20 16.00

4 0.343 +0.041 4.80 6.50
6 0.493 +0.059 6.90 9.25
8 0.646 +0.078 9.05 11.75
10 0.793 +0.095 11.10 14.25
12 0.943 +0.113 13.20 16.75
*Consult the manufacturer for exact dimensions. These are on the high side of the industry
average -- suitable for casing designs.
476

DIMENSIONS
PRESSURE RATED 80 DR 51 (C.I.O.D.) PER AWWA STANDARD C905

18 0.382 +0.053 19.50 22.25
20 0.424 +0.059 21.60 24.50
24 0.506 +0.071 25.80 29.50
30 0.627 +0.088 32.00 36.00
36 0.751 +0.105 38.30 43.00
42 0.872 +0.122 44.50 49.00
48 0.996 +0.139 50.80 55.50

14 0.373 +0.052 15.30 17.75
16 0.424 +0.059 17.40 20.00
18 0.476 +0.067 19.50 22.25
20 0.527 +0.074 21.60 25.00
24 0.629 +0.088 25.80 29.50
30 0.780 +0.109 32.00 36.00
36 0.934 +0.131 38.30 42.75
42 1.085 +0.152 44.50 49.50
48 1.239 +0.173 50.80 56.25
477

PRESSURE RATED 125 DR 32.5 (C.I.O.D.) PER AWWA STANDARD C905

14 0.471 +0.056 15.30 17.75
16 0.535 +0.064 17.40 20.50
18 0.600 +0.072 19.50 22.50
20 0.665 +0.080 21.60 25.25
24 0.794 +0.095 25.80 29.75
30 0.985 +0.118 32.00 36.50
36 1.178 +0.141 38.30 43.00
42 1.369 +0.164 44.50 50.00
48 1.563 +0.188 50.80 56.75

14 0.612 +0.073 15.30 18.50
16 0.696 +0.084 17.40 21.00
18 0.780 +0.094 19.50 23.50
20 0.864 +0.104 21.60 26.00
24 1.032 +0.124 25.80 31.00
30 1.280 +0.154 32.00 37.25
36 1.532 +0.184 38.30 44.75
42 1.780 +0.214 44.50 51.00
48 2.032 +0.244 50.80 58.00
478

DIMENSIONS

14 0.729 +0.088 15.30 18.75
16 0.829 +0.100 17.40 21.00
18 0.929 +0.111 19.50 23.00
20 1.029 +0.123 21.60 25.50
24 1.229 +0.147 25.80 30.50
30 1.524 +0.183 32.00 37.25
36 1.824 +0.219 38.30 43.75

14 0.850 +0.102 15.30 18.75
16 0.967 +0.116 17.40 21.00
18 1.083 +0.130 19.50 23.50
20 1.200 +0.144 21.60 26.25
24 1.433 +0.172 25.80 31.25
30 1.778 +0.213 32.00 --
479

PRESSURE RATED 100 DR 41 (IPS-O.D.) PER AWWA STANDARD C905

14 0.341 +0.048 14.0 16.25
16 0.390 +0.055 16.0 18.50
18 0.439 +0.061 18.0 20.75
20 0.488 +0.068 20.0 23.00
24 0.585 +0.082 24.0 27.50
30 0.732 +0.102 30.0 33.50
36 0.878 +0.123 36.0 40.00
PRESSURE RATED 125 DR 32.5 (IPS-O.D.) PER AWWA STANDARD C905

14 0.430 +0.052 14.0 16.50
16 0.492 +0.059 16.0 18.75
18 0.554 +0.066 18.0 21.00
20 0.615 +0.074 20.0 23.25
24 0.738 +0.088 24.0 27.75
30 0.923 +0.111 30.0 33.75
36 1.108 +0.133 36.0 40.50

14 0.538 +0.064 14.0 16.75
16 0.615 +0.074 16.0 19.00
18 0.692 +0.083 18.0 21.25
20 0.769 +0.092 20.0 23.75
24 0.923 +0.111 24.0 28.00
30 1.154 +0.138 30.0 34.00
36 1.385 +0.166 36.0 40.75
* Consult the manufacturer for exact dimensions. These are on the high side of the industry
average – suitable for casing design.
480

DIMENSIONS

14 0.666 +0.080 14.0 17.00
16 0.762 +0.091 16.0 19.25
18 0.857 +0.103 18.0 21.50
20 0.952 +0.114 20.0 24.00
24 1.143 +0.137 24.0 28.50
30 1.428 +0.171 30.0 34.50
36 1.714 +0.205 36.0 41.50
PRESSURE RATED 100 DR 41 (IPS-O.D.)

PER ASTM STANDARD D 2241
3 0.085 +0.020 3.500 4.25
3 1/2 0.098 +0.020 4.000 4.75
4 0.110 +0.020 4.500 5.50
5 0.136 +0.020 5.563 7.00
6 0.162 +0.020 6.625 7.75
8 0.210 +0.025 8.625 10.00
10 0.262 +0.031 10.750 12.50
12 0.311 +0.037 12.750 14.75
14 0.341 +0.048 14.000 16.25
16 0.390 +0.055 16.000 18.50
18 0.439 +0.061 18.000 20.75
20 0.488 +0.068 20.000 23.00
24 0.585 +0.082 24.000 27.50
30 0.732 +0.102 30.000 33.50
36 0.878 +0.123 36.000 40.00
481

PRESSURE RATED 125 DR 32.5 (IPS-O.D.)

1 1/4 0.060 +0.020 1.660 1.75
1 1/2 0.060 +0.020 1.900 2.00
2 0.073 +0.020 2.375 3.00
2 1/2 0.088 +0.020 2.875 3.25
3 0.108 +0.020 3.500 4.25
3 1/2 0.123 +0.020 4.000 4.75
4 0.138 +0.020 4.500 5.75
5 0.171 +0.021 5.563 7.00
6 0.204 +0.024 6.625 8.00
8 0.265 +0.032 8.625 10.25
10 0.331 +0.040 10.750 12.75
12 0.392 +0.047 12.750 15.00
14 0.430 +0.052 14.000 16.50
16 0.492 +0.059 16.000 18.75
18 0.554 +0.066 18.000 21.00
20 0.615 +0.074 20.000 23.25
24 0.738 +0.088 24.000 27.75
30 0.923 +0.111 30.000 34.00
36 1.108 +0.133 36.000 40.50
482

DIMENSIONS

1 0.060 +0.020 1.315 1.50
1 1/4 0.064 +0.020 1.660 2.00
1 1/2 0.073 +0.020 1.900 2.25
2 0.091 +0.020 2.375 3.00
2 1/2 0.110 +0.020 2.875 3.50
3 0.135 +0.020 3.500 4.50
3 1/2 0.154 +0.020 4.000 4.75
4 0.173 +0.020 4.500 5.75
5 0.214 +0.027 5.563 7.25
6 0.255 +0.031 6.625 8.25
8 0.332 +0.040 8.625 10.50
10 0.413 +0.050 10.750 13.00
12 0.490 +0.059 12.750 15.25
14 0.538 +0.064 14.000 17.00
16 0.615 +0.074 16.000 19.25
18 0.692 +0.083 18.000 21.50
20 0.769 +0.092 20.000 24.00
24 0.923 +0.111 24.000 28.50
30 1.154 +0.138 30.000 34.50
36 1.385 +0.166 36.000 41.00
483


3/4 0.060 +0.020 1.050 1.25
1 0.063 +0.020 1.315 1.50
1 1/4 0.079 +0.020 1.660 2.00
1 1/2 0.090 +0.020 1.900 2.25
2 0.113 +0.020 2.375 3.00
2 1/2 0.137 +0.020 2.875 3.50
3 0.167 +0.020 3.500 4.50
3 1/2 0.190 +0.023 4.000 4.75
4 0.214 +0.026 4.500 5.75
5 0.265 +0.032 5.563 7.25
6 0.316 +0.038 6.625 8.25
8 0.410 +0.049 8.625 10.50
10 0.511 +0.061 10.750 13.25
12 0.606 +0.073 12.750 15.50
14 0.666 +0.080 14.000 16.75
16 0.762 +0.091 16.000 19.25
18 0.857 +0.103 18.000 21.50
20 0.952 +0.114 20.000 24.00
24 1.143 +0.137 24.000 28.50
30 1.428 +0.171 30.000 35.00
36 1.714 +0.205 36.000 41.50
484

DIMENSIONS

3/4 0.062 +0.020 1.050 1.25
1 0.077 +0.020 1.315 1.50
1 1/4 0.098 +0.020 1.660 2.00
1 1/2 0.112 +0.020 1.900 2.25
2 0.140 +0.020 2.375 3.00
2 1/2 0.169 +0.020 2.875 3.50
3 0.206 +0.025 3.500 4.50
3 1/2 0.235 +0.028 4.000 4.75
4 0.265 +0.032 4.500 6.00
5 0.327 +0.039 5.563 7.50
6 0.390 +0.047 6.625 8.25
8 0.508 +0.061 8.625 10.75
10 0.632 +0.076 10.750 13.50
12 0.750 +0.090 12.750 15.75
14 0.823 +0.099 14.000 17.25
16 0.941 +0.113 16.000 19.75
18 1.059 +0.127 18.000 22.00
20 1.176 +0.141 20.000 24.50
24 1.412 +0.169 24.000 29.00
30 1.765 +0.212 30.000 35.75
36 2.118 +0.254 36.000 42.50
485

IRRIGATION PIPE (HIGH PRESSURE, UNDERGROUND)

SDR 51, 80 PSI, PER SCS 430-DD

4 0.081 +0.020 4.130 5.00
6 0.121 +0.020 6.140 7.25
8 0.160 +0.020 8.160 9.50
10 0.200 +0.024 10.200 11.75
12 0.240 +0.029 12.240 14.25
14 0.280 +0.034 14.280 16.50
15 0.300 +0.036 15.300 17.75

SDR 41, 100 PSI PER SCS 430-DD

4 0.101 +0.020 4.130 5.00
6 0.150 +0.020 6.140 7.25
8 0.199 +0.024 8.160 9.50
10 0.249 +0.030 10.200 11.75
12 0.299 +0.036 12.240 14.50
14 0.348 +0.042 14.280 16.50
15 0.373 +0.045 15.300 17.75
486

DIMENSIONS

SDR 32.5, 125 PSI PER SCS 430-DD

4 0.127 +0.020 4.130 5.00
6 0.189 +0.023 6.140 7.25
8 0.251 +0.031 8.160 9.50
10 0.314 +0.038 10.200 11.75
12 0.377 +0.045 12.240 14.50
14 0.439 +0.053 14.280 16.75
15 0.471 +0.057 15.300 18.00

SDR 26, 160 PSI PER SCS 430-DD

4 0.159 +0.020 4.130 5.00
6 0.236 +0.028 6.140 7.25
8 0.314 +0.038 8.160 9.75
10 0.392 +0.047 10.200 12.00
12 0.471 +0.056 12.240 14.75
14 0.549 +0.066 14.280 17.00
15 0.588 +0.071 15.300 18.25
487

IRRIGATION PIPE (LOW PRESSURE, UNDERGROUND)

PER SCS 430-DD

4 0.065 +0.020 4.130 5.00
6 0.070 +0.020 6.140 7.25
8 0.080 +0.020 8.160 9.25
10 0.100 +0.020 10.200 11.50
12 0.120 +0.020 12.240 14.00
14 0.140 +0.020 14.280 16.25
15 0.150 +0.020 15.300 17.50
IRRIGATION PIPE (LOW PRESSURE, UNDERGROUND)

PRESSURE RATED 50 PSI PER SCS 430-DD

4 0.065 +0.020 4.130 5.00
6 0.076 +0.020 6.140 7.25
8 0.101 +0.020 8.160 9.50
10 0.126 +0.020 10.200 11.75
12 0.151 +0.020 12.240 14.25
14 0.176 +0.021 14.280 16.25
15 0.189 +0.023 15.300 17.50
488

DIMENSIONS
PVCO PRESSURE PIPES
CLASS 100 (C.I.O.D.) PER AWWA C909

4 0.104 +0.013 4.80 --

6 0.147 +0.020 6.90 --
8 0.193 +0.026 9.05 --
10 0.236 +0.032 11.10 --
12 0.281 +0.038 13.20 --

4 0.145 +0.019 4.80 --

6 0.209 +0.028 6.90 8.40
8 0.274 +0.037 9.05 10.75
10 0.336 +0.045 11.10 13.23
12 0.400 +0.054 13.20 15.48
489


4 0.188 +0.025 4.80 --

6 0.271 +0.037 6.90 --
8 0.355 +0.048 9.05 --
10 0.435 +0.059 11.10 --
12 0.518 +0.070 13.20 --
PRESSURE RATED 200 PVCO 1135 (IPS – O.D.) PER

ASTM STANDARD F1483

4 0.123 0.007 4.500 --
6 0.182 0.011 6.625 7.94
8 0.236 0.014 8.625 10.04
10 0.295 0.018 10.750 12.45
12 0.349 0.021 12.750 14.63
PRESSURE RATED 250 PVCO 1135 (IPS – O.D.) PER

ASTM STANDARD F1483

4 0.153 0.009 4.500 --
6 0.225 0.014 6.625 --
8 0.293 0.018 8.625 --
10 0.366 0.022 10.750 --
12 0.434 0.026 12.750 --
490

DIMENSIONS
NON-PRESSURE PIPES
(O.D. CONTROLLED, SOLID WALL)
DR 35 (P.S. 46) PSM-O.D. per ASTM D 3034
Nominal t Average Tolerance on Approximate*

Pipe Size, in min., in O.D., in Average O.D., in max. bell O.D., in
4 0.120 4.215 ±0.009 5.25
6 0.180 6.275 ±0.011 7.50
8 0.240 8.400 ±0.012 10.00
10 0.300 10.500 ±0.015 12.25
12 0.360 12.500 ±0.018 14.25
15 0.437 15.300 ±0.023 17.25
491

(P.S. 46) PER ASTM F 679 (T-1)

For Pipe Material With a Minimum Modulus
of Elasticity of 400,000 psi in Tension

18 0.536 18.701 ±0.028 21.50
21 0.632 22.047 ±0.033 25.00
24 0.711 24.803 ±0.037 28.00
27 0.801 27.953 ±0.042 33.00
30 0.903 31.496 ±0.047 34.50
33 1.016 35.433 ±0.053 39.00
36 1.129 39.370 ±0.059 43.50
42 1.276 44.500 ±0.060 --
48 1.456 50.800 ±0.075 --
(P.S. 46) PER ASTM F 679 (T-2)


18 0.499 18.701 ±0.028 21.50
21 0.588 22.047 ±0.033 25.00
24 0.661 24.803 ±0.037 28.00
27 0.745 27.953 ±0.042 33.00
30 0.840 31.496 ±0.047 34.50
33 0.945 35.433 ±0.053 39.00
36 1.050 39.370 ±0.059 43.50
492

DIMENSIONS
(P.S. 46) PER ASTM F 679 (T-1), ANNEX A1 ON C.I.O.D. DIAMETERS

Nominal t Average Tolerance on

Pipe Size, in min., in O.D., in Average O.D., in
30 0.917 32.000 ±0.040
36 1.098 38.300 ±0.050
(P.S. 46) PER ASTM F 679 (T-2), ANNEX A1 ON C.I.O.D. DIAMETERS

Nominal t Average Tolerance on

Pipe Size, in min., in O.D., in Average O.D., in
30 0.853 32.000 ±0.040
36 1.021 38.300 ±0.050
493

P.S. 46 (PSM-O.D.) PER ASTM F 789

4 a 4.215 ±0.009 5.25
6 a 6.275 ±0.011 7.50
8 a 8.400 ±0.012 9.50
10 a 10.500 ±0.015 11.50
12 a 12.500 ±0.018 13.50
15 a 15.300 ±0.023 17.25
18 a 18.700 ±0.028 21.50
P.S. 115 (PSM-O.D.) PER ASTM F 789

4 a 4.215 ±0.009 5.25
6 a 6.275 ±0.011 7.50
8 a 8.400 ±0.012 9.50
10 a 10.500 ±0.015 11.50
12 a 12.500 ±0.018 13.50
15 a 15.300 ±0.023 17.25
18 a 18.700 ±0.028 21.50
aThree wall thicknesses are listed in ASTM F 789 for this PVC pipe (T-1, T-2, and T-3). The
thickness is dependent upon the modulus of the compound used, and is not a specifiable feature.
Conformity to F 789 is determined solely from measured pipe stiffness (46 or 115 psi).
494

DIMENSIONS
PVC NON-PRESSURE PIPES

(I.D. CONTROLLED, PROFILE WALL)
OUTSIDE BELL DIAMETERS FOR PROFILE NON-PRESSURE PIPE
Nominal Approximate*
Pipe Size, in Max. Bell O.D., in
4 4.90
6 6.90
8 9.76
10 12.22
12 14.60
15 17.84
18 21.95
21 26.20
24 28.50
27 32.76
30 36.62
33 38.13
36 43.32
42 48.50
48 54.63
54 61.35
60 69.01
OPEN-PROFILE (OP) PIPES PER ASTM F 794

Essentially Smooth Waterway Braced Circumferentially or Spirally
With Outside Projections or Ribs
Nominal Min. Tolerance Min. t, Approx. Max. Bell* Min. t,

Pipe Size, in I.D., in on I.D., in in (P.S. 46) O.D., in (P.S. 46) in (P.S. 10)
4 3.939 +0.034 0.030 -- --
6 5.875 +0.049 0.045 -- --
8 7.863 +0.053 0.060 9.76 --
10 9.825 +0.067 0.070 12.22 --
12 11.687 +0.085 0.085 14.60 --
15 14.303 +0.116 0.105 17.84 --
18 17.510 +0.195 0.130 21.95 0.070
21 20.656 +0.200 0.160 26.20 0.085
24 23.412 +0.204 0.180 28.50 0.105
27 26.371 +0.209 0.205 32.76 0.115
30 29.388 +0.220 0.235 36.62 0.130
33 32.405 +0.227 0.260 -- 0.150
36 35.370 +0.235 0.290 41.30 0.165
39 38.380 +0.245 0.315 -- 0.195
42 41.370 +0.255 0.345 -- 0.215
45 44.365 +0.265 0.370 -- 0.225
48 47.355 +0.285 0.400 -- 0.230
average -- suitable for casing design.
495

DUAL WALL CORRUGATED PROFILE (DWCP) PIPES PER ASTM F 794

Smooth Waterway Braced Circumferentially With An External Corrugated Wall
Nominal Min. Tolerance Min. Approx. Max.* Min.

Pipe Size, in I.D., in on I.D., in t, in (P.S. 46) Bell O.D., in (P.S. 46) t, in, (P.S. 10)
4 3.939 +0.034 0.022 4.90 --
6 5.875 +0.049 0.025 6.90 --
8 7.863 +0.053 0.035 9.30 --
10 9.825 +0.067 0.045 11.70 --
12 11.687 +0.085 0.058 13.90 --
15 14.303 +0.116 0.077 16.90 --
18 17.510 +0.195 0.084 20.60 0.070
21 20.656 +0.200 0.095 24.60 0.070
24 23.412 +0.204 0.110 28.45 0.070
27 26.371 +0.209 0.120 32.10 0.070
30 29.388 +0.220 0.130 35.76 0.085
33 32.405 +0.227 0.150 -- 0.095
36 35.370 +0.235 0.155 43.32 0.105
39 38.380 +0.245 0.200 -- 0.120
42 41.370 +0.255 0.200 -- 0.130
45 44.365 +0.265 0.200 -- 0.145
48 47.355 +0.285 0.200 -- 0.160
Note 1: The outside diameters for the open-profile (OP) on the previous page and the Dual Wall
Corrugated Profile (DWCP) pipes on this page are not standardized in ASTM F 794.
Consult the manufacturer for proprietary information on O.D.'s and gasketed bell
dimensions.
Note 2: Wall thicknesses of pipes conforming to F 794 frequently exceed the minimum values
shown.
496

DIMENSIONS
Typical T-Rib Section Properties (P.S. 10)

I.D. O.D. I c* r mean Area
Size in in in4/in in in in2/ft
18" PS-10 17.650 19.240 0.0042 0.154 9.274 2.112

21" PS-10 20.750 22.470 0.0068 0.187 10.842 2.268
24" PS-10 23.500 25.520 0.0095 0.206 12.306 2.568
27" PS-10 26.500 28.700 0.0133 0.239 13.859 2.784
30" PS-10 29.500 31.940 0.0175 0.279 15.499 3.156
36" PS-10 35.500 37.220 0.0266 0.317 18.067 3.708
(Note: Minimum Pipe Stiffness = 10 psi.)
Typical spirally reinforced open-profile T-Rib pipe
Typical T-Rib Section Properties (P.S. 46)

I.D. O.D. I c* r mean Area Approx. Max.**
Size in in in4/in in in in2/ft Bell O.D., in
18" PS-46 17.650 19.130 0.0160 0.266 9.092 3.072 20.98

21" PS-46 20.750 22.470 0.0266 0.317 10.692 3.708 24.36
24" PS-46 23.500 25.420 0.0359 0.343 12.093 4.188 27.72
27" PS-46 26.500 28.700 0.0533 0.394 13.644 4.680 31.10
30" PS-46 29.500 31.940 0.0797 0.458 15.208 5.460 34.56
36" PS-46 35.500 38.461 0.1311 0.534 18.285 6.408 41.30
42" PS-46 41.484 44.996 0.2075 0.651 21.393 7.860 --
48" PS-46 47.474 51.490 0.3099 0.727 24.464 9.492 --
* c is the distance from the inside surface to the neutral axis.

** Consult the manufacturer for exact dimensions. These are on the high side of the industry
Note 1: Areas shown on this page are wall cross sectional areas per unit length.
Note 2: Minimum Pipe Stiffness = 46 psi. The outside diameters for open-profile (OP) pipes are
not standardized. Consult the manufacturer for proprietary information on O.D.'s and gasketed bell
dimensions.
497

Typical spirally reinforced open-profile T-Rib pipe
Typical T-Rib Section Properties

for PVC Pipe Manufactured to Meet
the Design Requirements of AASHTO Section 18
18" 17.65 19.03 0.012 0.246 9.071 2.366 20.88

21" 20.75 22.27 0.016 0.266 10.641 2.656 24.16
24" 23.50 25.18 0.020 0.281 12.031 2.856 27.38
27" 26.50 28.40 0.031 0.338 13.588 3.261 30.80
30" 29.50 31.42 0.031 0.334 15.084 3.412 34.08
36" 35.50 37.64 0.048 0.401 18.151 3.908 40.67
42" 41.50 43.74 0.053 0.413 21.163 4.144 46.24
48" 47.50 49.94 0.072 0.456 24.206 4.530 52.61

** Consult the manufacturer for exact dimensions. These are on the high side of the
industry average -- suitable for casing design.
Note 1: The outside diameters for open-profile (OP) pipes are not standardized. Consult
the manufacturer for proprietary information on O.D.'s and gasketed bell
dimensions.
Note 2: Maximum Flexibility Factor = 0.095.

Pipe Stiffness varies from 31 psi for 18" to 11 psi for 48".
498

DIMENSIONS
Typical Open-Profile Vertical Ribs
Typical Vertical Rib Section Properties

8" 7.867 8.800 0.0015 0.110 4.043 1.548 9.76

10" 9.834 11.000 0.0030 0.130 5.047 1.692 12.22
12" 11.702 13.098 0.0050 0.160 6.011 2.016 14.60
15" 14.329 16.043 0.0082 0.180 7.344 2.112 17.84
18" 17.650 19.626 0.0212 0.276 9.101 3.671 21.95
21" 20.748 23.102 0.0340 0.311 10.685 4.396 26.20
24" 23.504 26.142 0.0490 0.353 12.105 4.899 28.50
27" 26.500 29.563 0.0720 0.397 13.647 5.448 32.76
30" 29.500 32.925 0.0100 0.440 15.191 6.024 36.62

** Consult the manufacturer for exact dimensions. These are on the high side of the
industry average -- suitable for casing design.
Note 2: The outside diameters of open-profile (OP) pipes are not standardized. Consult
the manufacturer for proprietary information on O.D.'s and gasketed bell dimensions.
499

DUAL WALL CORRUGATED PROFILE (DWCP) PIPES PER ASTM F 949

Nominal min. waterway Average Average Approximate
Pipe Size, in wall t, in I.D., in O.D., in Max. Bell O.D., in*
4 0.022 3.950 4.300 4.90
6 0.025 5.909 6.420 6.90
8 0.035 7.881 8.600 9.30
10 0.045 9.846 10.786 11.70
12 0.058 11.715 12.795 13.90
15 0.077 14.338 15.658 16.90
18 0.084 17.552 19.152 20.60
21 0.095 20.705 22.630 24.60
24 0.110 23.469 25.580 28.45
27 0.120 26.440 28.860 32.10
30 0.130 29.469 32.150 35.76
36 0.150 35.475 38.740 43.32
* Consult the manufacturer for exact dimensions. These are on the high side of the
industry average -- suitable for casing design. Slipliner pipe has a bell O.D. that is the
same as the O.D. of the barrel.
Note 1: Properties may vary by manufacturer.
Note 2: Wall thicknesses of pipes conforming to F 949 frequently exceed minimum

values shown.
500

DIMENSIONS
TYPICAL DUAL WALL CORRUGATED SECTION PROPERTIES

Size in in in4/in in in in2/ft
4" 3.95 4.29 0.00021 0.065 2.04 0.658

6" 5.88 6.41 0.00070 0.100 3.04 0.842
8" 7.87 8.59 0.00175 0.135 4.07 1.142
10" 9.84 10.78 0.00334 0.190 5.11 1.176
12" 11.72 12.80 0.00568 0.210 6.07 1.927
15" 14.34 15.66 0.01040 0.250 7.42 2.304
18" 17.55 19.15 0.01860 0.307 9.08 2.741
21" 20.47 22.59 0.02880 0.474 10.71 3.146
24" 23.47 25.58 0.0419 0.401 12.14 3.444
30" 29.47 32.15 0.0836 0.516 15.25 4.268
36" 35.48 38.74 0.1410 0.612 18.35 5.088
501

CLOSED-PROFILE (CP) PIPES PER ASTM F 1803

Essentially Smooth Waterway Braced Circumferentially or Spirally
With Projections or Ribs, Joined by an Essentially Smooth Outer Wall
Nominal Min. Tolerance Min. Waterway Approximate Max. *
Pipe Size, in I.D., in on I.D., in Wall, in (t) Bell O.D., in
18 17.595 +0.110 0.070 --

21 20.690 +0.120 0.080 23.38
24 23.430 +0.140 0.100 27.63
27 26.420 +0.160 0.115 31.00
30 29.410 +0.180 0.125 34.38
33 32.405 +0.190 0.140 38.13
36 35.395 +0.210 0.150 41.13
39 38.385 +0.230 0.165 --
42 41.375 +0.250 0.180 48.50
45 44.370 +0.260 0.195 --
48 47.360 +0.280 0.210 54.63
54 53.350 +0.300 0.225 61.35
60 59.340 +0.320 0.240 69.01
* Consult the manufacturer for exact dimensions. These are on the high side of the industry
average -- suitable for casing design. Slipliner pipe has a bell O.D. that is the same as the O.D. of
the barrel.
Note: The outside diameters of closed-profile (CP) pipes are not standardized. Consult the
manufacturer for proprietary information on O.D.'s and gasketed bell dimensions.
502

DIMENSIONS
Typical Closed-Profile Section Properties

Size in in in4/in in in in2/in
21" 20.750 22.110 0.0189 0.340 10.715 0.2798

24" 23.500 25.040 0.0267 0.385 12.135 0.3245
27" 26.500 28.230 0.0399 0.433 13.683 0.3443
30" 29.500 31.430 0.0530 0.483 15.233 0.4301
36" 35.500 37.800 0.0956 0.585 18.325 0.5228
42" 41.500 44.200 0.1507 0.675 21.425 0.6790
48" 47.500 50.570 0.2213 0.768 24.518 0.9855
54" 53.500 56.960 0.3143 0.865 27.615 1.4268
60" 59.500 63.400 0.4043 0.975 30.725 2.4549
503

504

UNIT CONVERSION TABLES
505

CONVERSION
MEASURE UNIT x FACTOR = UNIT
millimeter2 0.00155 inch2

millimeter2 0.00001 foot2
centimeter2 0.15500 inch2
centimeter2 0.00108 foot2
meter2 10.76391 foot2
meter2 1.19599 yard2
meter2 0.00025 acre
meter2 0.0001 hectare
hectare 10,000.00 meter2
hectare 2.47105 acre
inch2 645.16 millimeter2
A inch2 6.4516 centimeter2
R foot2 92,903.04 millimeter2
E foot2 929.0304 centimeter2
A foot2 0.09290 meter2
foot2 0.11111 yard2
foot2 0.00002 acre
yard2 0.83613 meter2
yard2 9.0 foot2
yard2 0.00021 acre
acre 4,046.856 meter2
acre 0.40469 hectare
acre 43,560.0 foot2
acre 4,840.0 yard2
acre 0.00156 mile2 (Statute)
mile2 (Statute) 640.0 acre
D gram/centimeter3 1,000.0 kilogram/meter3

E kilogram/meter3 0.06243 pound/foot3
N kilogram/meter3 1.68554 pound/yard3
S kilogram/meter3 0.00835 pound/gallon
I kilogram/meter3 0.00084 ton/yard3
T kilogram/meter3 0.001 metric ton/meter3
Y metric ton/meter3 0.84277 ton/yard3
506

UNIT CONVERSION TABLES - CONTINUED

CONVERSION
D pound/foot3 16.01846 kilogram/meter3

E pound/foot3 0.0135 ton/yard3
N pound/yard3 0.59328 kilogram/meter3
S pound/gallon 119.82640 kilogram/meter3
I ton/yard3 1,186.553 kilogram/meter3
T ton/yard3 1.18655 metric ton/meter3
Y ton/yard3 74.07407 pound/foot3
E joule 0.73756 foot • pound force

N joule 0.00095 British thermal unit
E foot • pound force 1.35582 joule
R foot • pound force 0.00128 British thermal unit
G British thermal unit 1,055.056 joule
Y British thermal unit 778.169 foot • pound force
British thermal unit 251.996 calorie
calorie 0.00397 British thermal unit
meter3/second 35.315 foot3/second

meter3/second 15,850.3 gallon/minute
meter3/second 1,000. liter/second
meter3/second 22.82447 million gallons/day
liter/second 0.001 meter3/second
liter/second 0.035315 foot3/second
F liter/second 15.851 gallon/minute
L foot3/second 0.02832 meter3/second
O foot3/second 28.31658 liter/second
W foot3/second 448.8306 gallon/minute
gallon/minute 0.00006 meter3/second
gallon/minute 0.06309 liter/second
gallon/minute 0.00223 foot3/second
gallon/minute 0.00144 million gallons/day
million gallons/day 694.44 gallon/minute
million gallon/day 0.04381 meter3/second
pound force 4.44822 newton

FORCE newton 0.22481 pound force
newton 0.10197 kilogram force
kilogram force 9.80681 newton
Note: All gallons are U.S. gallons (1 U.S. gallon = 0.8327 IMP gallon)
507

CONVERSION
millimeter 0.03937 inch

millimeter 0.00328 foot
centimeter 0.39370 inch
centimeter 0.03281 foot
meter 3.28084 foot
meter 1.09361 yard
L meter 0.00062 mile (Statute)
E kilometer 0.62137 mile (Statute)
N inch 25.4 millimeter
G inch 2.54 centimeter
T foot 304.80 millimeter
H foot 30.480 centimeter
foot 0.30480 meter
yard 0.91440 meter
mile (Statute) 1,609.344 meter
mile (Statute) 1.60934 kilometer
mile (Statute) 5,280. foot
mile (Statute) 1,760. yard
gram 0.03527 ounce

gram 0.00220 pound
kilogram 35.274 ounce
kilogram 2.20462 pound
kilogram 0.001 metric ton (tonne)
kilogram/meter 0.67197 pound/foot
metric ton (tonne) 2,204.6 pound
metric ton (tonne) 1.1023 ton
M metric ton (tonne) 1,000. kilogram
A ounce 28.3495 gram
S ounce 0.0625 pound
S ounce 0.02835 kilogram
pound 453.5924 gram
pound 0.45359 kilogram
pound 0.00045 metric ton (tonne)
pound 0.0005 ton
pound 16. ounce
pound/foot 1.48816 kilogram/meter
ton 0.90719 metric ton (tonne)
ton 2,000. pound
ton 907.18 kilogram
508

CONVERSION
pascal 1. newton/meter2
kilopascal 1,000. pascal
kilopascal 0.01 bar
kilopascal 0.14504 pound force/inch2
kilopascal 0.33456 feet of H2O
kilopascal 0.29637 inch of Hg
kilopascal 0.001 megapascal
kilopascal 0.00987 atmosphere
megapascal 1,000. kilopascal
megapascal 145.0377 pound force/inch2
megapascal 9.86923 atmosphere
megapascal 10. bar
kilogram force/meter2 9.80665 pascal
P kilogram force/cm2 98.0665 kilopascal
R kilogram force/cm2 14.22335 pound force/inch2
E newton/meter2 0.00015 pound force/inch2
S bar 100. kilopascal
S bar .1 megapascal
U bar 14.50377 pound force/inch2
R pound force/inch2 6,894.757 pascal
E pound force/inch2 6.89476 kilopascal
pound force/inch2 0.00689 megapascal
pound force/inch2 0.07031 kilogram force/cm2
pound force/inch2 6,894.757 newton/meter2
pound force/inch2 0.06895 bar
pound force/inch2 0.06805 atmosphere
pound force/inch2 2.307 feet of H2O
pound force/inch2 2.036 inch of Hg
atmosphere 101.325 kilopascal
atmosphere 0.10133 megapascal
atmosphere 14.7 pound force/inch2
feet of H2O 2.98898 kilopascal
feet of H2O 0.43346 pound force/inch2
inch of Hg 3.37416 kilopascal
inch of Hg 0.49116 pound force/inch2
509

CONVERSION
TEM- temperature Celsius (1.8)(°C) + 32 temp. Fahrenheit

PERA- temperature Fahrenheit (°F-32)/1.8 temperature Celsius
TURE degree Celsius 1.8 degree Fahrenheit
degree Fahrenheit 0.55556 degree Celsius
newton • meter 0.73756 foot • pound force

TORQUE newton • meter 8.85073 inch • pound force
foot • pound force 1.35582 newton • meter
inch • pound force 0.11299 newton • meter
millimeter3 0.00006 inch3

centimeter3 0.06102 inch3
decimeter3 61.02 inch3
decimeter3 1. liter
meter3 35.315 foot3
meter3 264.17 gallon
meter3 1.308 yard3
meter3 1,000. liter
liter 0.2642 gallon
liter 0.03531 foot3
liter 0.001 meter3
liter 1,000. milliliter
liter 2.113 pint
V liter 1.057 quart
O liter 1. decimeter3
L inch3 16,387. millimeter3
U inch3 16.39 centimeter3
M inch3 0.01639 decimeter3
E foot3 0.02832 meter3
foot3 28.32 liter
foot3 7.48052 gallon
foot3 0.03704 yard3
yard3 0.7646 meter3
yard3 27. foot3
pint 0.4732 liter
quart 0.9463 liter
gallon 0.00379 meter3
gallon 3.785 liter
gallon 0.1337 foot3
510

CONVERSION
acceleration gravity 9.80665 meter/second2

acceleration gravity 32.2 feet/second2
meter3 0.00081 acre feet
acre feet 1,233.489 meter3
MIS- acre feet 325,851. gallon
CELLA- liter/mm/km/day 10.800 gallon/inch/mile/day
NEOUS gallon/inch/mile/day 0.09259 liter/mm/km/day
gallon H2O 3.78625 kilogram
gallon H2O 8.34725 pound
foot3 H2O 28.31413 kilogram
foot3 H2O 62.42197 pound
511

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HANDBOOK OF PVC PIPE

PUBLISHED DESIGN GUIDES

© Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, 2001

PUBLISHED DESIGN GUIDES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

As a supplement to the design data and recommendations in this

Pressure Pipe Applications

“AWWA Manual M23 - PVC Pipe - Design and Installation”

Pressure Pipeline Design for Water and Wastewater

“Recommended Standards for Water Works,” Great Lakes-Upper

“Manual on the Selection and Installation of Thermoplastic Water

Natural Gas Distribution and Transmission Applications

© Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, 2001

“Maintenance and Operation of Gas Systems,” November 1970, Army

Sewer Pipe Applications

“ASCE/WPCF Design Manual for Gravity Sanitary Sewers”

Water Environment Federation

“Recommended Standards for Wastewater Facilities,” Great Lakes-

Uni-Bell Standards and Technical Reports

Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association

UNI-B-1 Recommended Specification for Thermoplastic Pipe

UNI-B-6 Recommended Practice for Low-Pressure Air Testing

UNI-B-8 Recommended Practice for the Direct Tapping of

© Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, 2001

UNI-B-9 Recommended Performance Specification for Polyvinyl

UNI-PUB-3 PVC Pipe - Technology Serving the Water Industry

UNI-PUB-6 Installation Guide for PVC Sewer Pipe

UNI-PUB-7 External Corrosion of Underground Water Distribution

UNI-PUB-8 Tapping Guide for AWWA C900 Pressure Pipe

UNI-PUB-9 Installation Guide for PVC Pressure Pipe

UNI-TR-1 Deflection: The Pipe/Soil Mechanism

UNI-TR-3 Maintenance of PVC Sewer Pipe

UNI-TR-5 The Effects of Ultraviolet Aging on PVC Pipe

UNI-TR-6 PVC Force Main Design

UNI-TR-7 Thermoplastic Pressure Pipe Design and Selection

© Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, 2001

© Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, 2001

PVC PRESSURE PIPES

CLASS 100 DR 25 (C.I.O.D.) PER AWWA STANDARD C900

Nominal t t Average Approximate*

CLASS 150 DR 18 (C.I.O.D.) PER AWWA STANDARD C900

Nominal t t Average Approximate*

CLASS 200 DR 14 (C.I.O.D.) PER AWWA STANDARD C900

Nominal t t Average Approximate*

© Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, 2001

PRESSURE RATED 80 DR 51 (C.I.O.D.) PER AWWA STANDARD C905

Nominal t t Average Approximate*

PRESSURE RATED 100 DR 41 (C.I.O.D.) PER AWWA STANDARD C905

Nominal t t Average Approximate*

© Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, 2001

PRESSURE RATED 125 DR 32.5 (C.I.O.D.) PER AWWA STANDARD C905

PRESSURE RATED 165 DR 25 (C.I.O.D.) PER AWWA STANDARD C905

© Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, 2001

PRESSURE RATED 200 DR 21 (C.I.O.D.) PER AWWA STANDARD C905

Nominal t t Average Approximate*

PRESSURE RATED 235 DR 18 (C.I.O.D.) PER AWWA STANDARD C905

Nominal t t Average Approximate*

© Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, 2001

PRESSURE RATED 100 DR 41 (IPS-O.D.) PER AWWA STANDARD C905

PRESSURE RATED 125 DR 32.5 (IPS-O.D.) PER AWWA STANDARD C905

PRESSURE RATED 160 DR 26 (IPS-O.D.) PER AWWA STANDARD C905

© Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, 2001

PRESSURE RATED 200 DR 21 (IPS-O.D.) PER AWWA STANDARD C905

PRESSURE RATED 100 DR 41 (IPS-O.D.)