Chapter 01

Introduction of internal combustion engines

Introduction
An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel
( gasoline or diesel, liquids derived from fossil fuels) occurs with an oxidizer (usually
air) in a combustion chamber.
In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high-
pressure gases produced by combustion in the combustion chamber applies direct
force to some component of the engine.
The force is applied typically to pistons, turbine blades. This force moves the
component over a distance, transforming chemical energy into useful mechanical
energy.
The term internal combustion engine usually refers to an engine in which combustion
is intermittent, such as the more familiar four-stroke and two-stroke piston engines,
along with variants, such as the six-stroke piston engine and the Wankel rotary engine.
Introduction
A second class of internal combustion engines use continuous combustion: gas
turbines, jet engines and most rocket engines, each of which are internal combustion
engines on the same principle as previously described.
In contrast, in external combustion engines, such as steam or Stirling engines, energy
is delivered to a working fluid not consisting of, mixed with, or contaminated by
combustion products. Working fluids can be air, hot water, pressurized water or even
liquid sodium, heated in a boiler.
While there are many stationary applications, most ICEs are used in mobile
applications and are the dominant power supply for vehicles such as cars, aircraft,
and boats.
For our scope of study here we will learn only about internal combustion engine
which refers to an engine in which combustion is intermittent, such as four-stroke
and two-stroke piston engines.
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
History

Let the students read history and explain.

History
History
Classification of internal combustion
engines
Classification of internal combustion
engines
Classification of internal combustion
engines
Classification of internal combustion
engines
Discussion 01
1. What is internal combustion engine?
2. What type of internal combustion engine we will study here?
3. According to the history of motor vehicle, What happened in
1860, 1878, and 1923?
4. What are the main differences between spark-ignition
engines and diesel engines?
5. How many types of cooling system found in motor vehicles?
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
Video 01: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pu7g3uIG6Zo
features Video 02: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGj8OneMjek
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features

Temperature
remains constant Temperature
T1 = T2 varies T1 # T3
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Discussion 02
1. Briefly describe the 4 strokes of spark ignition engine?
2. What is the compression ratio?
3. What is the normal fuel-air mixture ratio for a complete
burning? What happened if the ratio is too rich? Too lean?
4. What is the normal firing order of a 6 cylinder 4-stroke
engine?
5. What is the standard method of numbering the cylinders?
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Four-stroke spark-ignition engine
features
Diesel engine features overview
Diesel engine features overview
Diesel engine features overview
Diesel engine features overview
Diesel engine features overview
Diesel engine features overview
Diesel engine features overview
Knocking combustion
Knocking combustion
Knocking combustion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2ntMrMFp-A
Discussion 03
1. What can we do to increase the power output per unit of
displacement?
2. What is knocking combustion?
3. What are the causes of knocking in spark-ignition engines?
4. What does it means by “ auto-ignition”?
5. What is the difference between direct injection engines and
indirect injection engines?
Homework
Q&A