10/7/2019

Transportation Engineering
Engineering--II

Dr. Naveed Ahmad

A Typical Pavement
Asphalt Aggregate Base Course

Natural Soil (Subgrade)

Aggregate Subbase Course

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Pavement
 Pavements can be considered to consist
of three main layers,
layers the surfacing,
surfacing the
base, and the foundation.

Important to Note
 ‘Surface Course’
replaces
‘W i C
‘Wearing Course’’

 ‘Binder Course’
replaces
‘Base Course’

 ‘Base’
replaces
‘Roadbase’

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History
 The modern concept of pavement
construction was pioneered by the
Romans
 The concept used by the Romans is not
very different to the typical multi-layer
flexible pavement layout

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Design
Philosophy

 Primary function of
a pavement
structure is to
protect subgrade
from failure
High pressure
under a tyre

Low pressure at
the bottom of
the pavement

The principle of load spreading

by an efficient pavement

Critical Stress/Strain in Pavements

 Maximum Tensile
Stress/Strain at the
bottom of the bound
layer (asphalt
mixture) and
maximum
Compressive
Stress/Strain at the
top of subgrade

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Subgrade Protection

The Good Old Days!

Keep the water out!

&
Ride Quality!

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Modern Highways

Typical Construction of High-

High-speed
highways (thick construction)

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Pavement Serviceability

 Structural Performance

 Functional Performance

Pavement Serviceability
Critical condition
Serviceability

Cost of
rehabilitation

Time and Traffic

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Expectations from Engineers

Pavement engineers are required to;
 Maximize the potential of available
materials
 Low cost construction
 Easy to handle materials
 Longer pavement life
 Innovative construction and rehabilitation
techniques

Design life
 Design life determined by economics
 Typical design life of 20 years

 Long-life pavements (perpetual

pavements) recently introduced
(40+ years)

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Pavement Design
 A good design is always a balance
between;
◦ safety
◦ reliability
◦ Cost
◦ aesthetics
◦ maintainability
◦ RIDE QUALITY

Design Requirements for Asphalt

Pavements