Answer number 1 : History of Operating Systems

First Generation (1945-1955): Vacum Tubes and Plugboadrs

The first generation was the beginning of the development of electronic computing system as a
replacement for mechanical computing system, it is due to the human speed to calculate is
limited and human is very easy to make carelessness, even mistake. In this generation there is
no operating system, then the computer system is given instructions that must be done
directly.

Second Generation (1955-1965): Transistor and Batch System

The second generation introduces Batch Processing System, which is Job done in a series, then
executed sequentially. In this generation the computer system is not yet equipped with the
operating system, but some operating system functions already exist, for example the function
of the operating system is FMS and IBSYS.

Third Generation (1965-1980) ICs and Multiprogramming

In this generation the development of operating system developed to serve many users at
once, where the interactive users communicate via terminal on-line to the computer, the
operating system becomes multi-user (in many users use gus) and multi-programming (serving
many programs once gus)

Fourth Generation (1980-2000)

In this fourth generation, the operating system is no longer solely for one mode of processing,
but has been devoted to many processing modes, for example supporting batch processing,
timesharing, networking and (soft) realtime applications at once. Only hard real-time
applications are difficult to integrate with other processing modes because of the high risk. [1] In
this generation, the convenience of operating a computer system is also considered
important. An increasingly powerful computer has been able to provide a convenient graphical
interface. Desktop computers are secured with a GUI (Graphical User Interface). This GUI
starts X Windows Systemresearch results at MIT , then Macintosh , Sun View , followed
by Microsoft Windows . This fourth generation marked the growing and increasing capabilities
of desktop computers (personal computers) and network technology. The TCP or IP
network has begun to be used extensively by the military, researchers, colleagues and the
public at large.

Fifth Generation (2000-today)

Early emergence of modern computers with higher Specifications.
Resource : www.wikipedia.com
QUESTION number 2 : OS used in industrial tevhnology today is fourth generation
Question number 3 : OS made for synchronize between hardware and software. The first
computer with no operatig system every program needed the full hardware specification to run
correctly and perform standard tasks, and its own drivers for peripheral device like printer.
Question number 4 : With OS on the computer make user more easily to operate both software
and hardware, because OS used to synchronize of them.
Question number 5 : The most usely OS in technology information such as Windows, Android
OS, IOS, mac OS and many more.