SLENDER COLUMNS

Axially Loaded Slender Columns

Slender columns fail at an axial load less than Pu= 0.35 fcu Ac+ 0.67 !y Ase
Tr2 (El)
Slender columns fail at an axial load Per = .,
L-
L is the effective length of the column and E is the Young's modulus of
concrete taking into account creep effect. At the critical load, the
deformation of an axially loaded column change from axial shortening
to lateral displacement. p

At the critical load, the actual 1

straining actions are:

....
8= ????
Prof. Dr. Mashhour Ghoneim
Slender Columns Subjected to Axial Loads and Moments

- When a slender column is subjected to an axial load of an

increasing value, it will buckle before reaching its capacity
given by the section dimensions and reinforcement.
The buckling load (Euler load) ( Cross-section capacity
(a) Before loading
- When a slender column is subjected to P at an
eccentricity e, the interaction of the axial load and the
lateral deflection of the column will result in additional
moment that increases the initial moment.
Sec.A-A

(b) During loading

Prof. Dr. Mashhour Ghoneim

M design = Minitia/ + M add
Braced frames are frames existing in buildings
in which most of the lateral loads are resisted
by structural walls or cores.

- For buildings that consist of 4 floors or more

1----
-
a= Hb iN ( 06
.i-·--- .
Vr.EI
- For buildings that consist of 4 floors or less

:;::: Hb -drN
- ( 0.2 + O.l ».
vL.El

H b = Height of the building above level i

N =Total unfactored vertical loads carried by

the columns and walls at level i

i:EI= Summation of the flexural rigidities of

all the walls at level i

ni =Number of floors above level i Prof. Dr. Mashhour Ghoneim

Braced and Unbraced Columns
- Columns located in braced structures are referred to
as braced columns. They are subjected to additional
moment due to member stability effect (interaction of
load with lateral deflection).

- Columns located in unbraced structures are referred to

as unbraced columns. They are subjected to additional
moment due to lateral drift effect (each story is shifted
Retative displacemcnl
p
with respect to the one below). between colunm~~~ p

T ,-·· · /B i
i

~ /
1! /
I /

I/
' I
/ Deformed
i ·Ship;··

p
- 1:
 ECP203 Definitionof Slender Columns
1 _He
/l.,t -
t

A,. =
l
!!_!i_
•
l

~ Limits of Slenderness Ratio for Short Columns

~~ 1\;~ ,tb~tD~---h~-~
0'

[unbiaeect-f -~~if _=~s--·· ·

~ Limits of Slenderness Ratio for Slender Columns

r~~ -1
!Column

runbi:aced--
I
30--··
123
At or ~~-,
-:25-
AD -

---Ti&_____
·-:-,.ii·

------ 100 -----------1

,70·------ll
i

~ !
'----- -----········· --'------··'""·············-- .J
Prof. Dr. Mashhour Ghoneim
Calculation of the effective (buckling) height

H0 = unsupported height of the column

a) Slab-beam type b) Fial plates c) Fl&I slab wi1h

columns heads
Clear heiJ?;hts of columns
Prof. Dr. Mashhour Ghoneim
 Values of (k) for Braced Columns
""''"'=~·-·
.. __ ,,,,,~,,,·--··
End condition at bottom
-·---·""''""""''""'""'
~ ~d ooodi:ioo" <op l 2 ! 3
-·
II
~""'"""'"'''"
0.75 0.80 0.90
------------ ··-
2 0.80 0.85 0.95
3 . 0.90 0.95 ··1· l.00

Values of(k) for Unbraced Columns

r~·· -·----------..,,-·----E-n_d_c_o_n_d_il-io_n_a_t_b_o~~;·-··~--

! _1o_r__
E._:1-1d-co_n_d_i_ti_o_n_a_1 ;:~~-·
----"· ~1 -~-·-r-· · ·- _~ ---+--- ----i
2_.-_·. 3

-----------l--·--1.-~_0__ ;__ __1_.3_0

__ +- __ 1.._6_0 _
2 l.30 1.50 J.80
t------------_,i-----······-······················--·····--·--'······-·····--···--······· -· ·····

----:------ ~:~~ l.~O _J_. _.·-·- ---

The four conditions are as follows:

i) Condition I: The end of the column is connected monolithically to beams that

ii) Condition 2.: The end of the column is connected monolithically to beams or
Prof. Dr. Mashhour Ghoneim
are at least as deep as the overall dimension of the column in the plane
considered. Foundation designed to withstand moments is considered in this
category.
slabs that are shallower than the overall dimensions of the column in the
plane considered.
iii) Condition 3: The end of the column is connected to members which, while
not specifically designed to provide restraint to rotation of the column,
nevertheless, provide some nominal restraint (hinged base).
iv) Condition 4: The end of the column is unrestrained against both lateral
movement and rotation (i.e cantilever column).
 StrainingActions for Slender Braced Columns

1- Calculation of the additionalMoments

Mgdd = po
)> For re:tangular colutpm~the driection (t)

0 = 2, t
2000

" For rectangular columns in the driection ( b)

0
;i2 b
= _b __ ,
2000 (+--=i-
» For circular columns of diameter (D)

0 _Jl. D_
= .;i2
2000
Prof. Dr. Mashhour Ghoneim
2- Calculation of Design Moments
M1 ·= Smaller initial moment due to
design ultimate loads

M2 = larger initial moment due to

design ultimate loads

Mi = Initial design moment near mid-

height of the column

• Md is the greatest of
~

M2 +
M; + Madd
M1 + (Maddf2)
P. emin Prof. Dr. Mashhour Ghoneim
Straining Actions for Slender Columns in Unbraced Frames
1- Calculation of the additionalMoments

Madd = P · Oav 8av = r,8/n

oav average deflection at ultimate limit

state applied to all columns at a given level

o Deflection at ultimate limit state for

each column calculated from:

,- i--~_J
L-1----r~=J .
= 2? . t/ 2000 1=--L--/·--
/~_(=-._;-_
C-L ..--, -·7
_
C~L---..l _;
n number of columns j . ----.L7{_-l
at a given level c---/--:-Jc---l
1.__---L---7--J
I --f----~i--- I
_h'--1_--1
l Prof. Dr. Mashhour Ghoneim
2- Calculation of Design Moments

• Md is the greatest of

M2 +·Madd

Prof. Dr. Mashhour Ghoneim

~l er-JJtJl ~~J (Second order analysis) .} )io'i\

~ J:¥ oy!a~ ~' '~ W-4 [~')1\J J~"J' ~ ~Ul\

~-t\
rJJW c.rt\ ~~\ J ~ts.U')ll
\!.. •
,·.c. WUl\
"-T •
U~')l\
..
~-t\ ~~
rJJW •

~ ~')ll ~'_;; wl ~ (3-5-4-6 ~J 2-5-4-6 ~ ) ~~')!'

Jlt.ill <..r.. lll\ ..;.,,-- -At\ r~

A ..... ~ j
p- r I~~ . .. ~.~ti ...»J:.l;j ..;~'i\
~li. ..;-- •

. (..b-1-6) .ll:JL: oJ..;\,Jl\

Prof. Dr. Mashhour Ghoneim