c
 


 



c

 c  


 
 
|

 ||
As cities grow in size, the number of vehicular trips on road system goes up. This necessitates a
pragmatic policy shift to discourage private modes and encourage public transport once the level of
traffic along any travel corridor in one direction exceeds 20,000 persons per hour.
National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD), with an area of 1486 km2 has a population of about
15 million. Buses are the sole mode of public transport in the NCTD, which are inadequate and
overcrowded. For want of an efficient mass transport system, the number of motor vehicles is
around 4 million. The result is extreme congestion on Delhi roads, ever slowing speeds, increase
in road accidents (5 persons killed and 13 injured everyday), fuel wastage and environmental
pollution with motorized vehicles alone contributing to about two thirds of the atmospheric
pollution.
The mixed traffic in the city has resulted in road accidents, killing 5 persons and injuring 13 persons a
day on an average. The situation is expected to deteriorate further in the years to come.
It was in 1970 when the Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) after an exhaustive study on
traffic and travel characteristics of Delhi recommended a Mass Rapid Transit Network for the city.
Since then a number of studies on the subject have been carried out like the Metropolitan
Transport Team (MTT) of the Indian Railways, Delhi Development Authority (DDA) and the Study
Group of the Ministry of Railways. Feasibility Report on Integrated Multi Modal Mass Rapid
Transport System of Delhi (IMMRTS) prepared by RITES (Rail India Technical & Economic
Services) recommended the 3-component system comprising Rail Corridors, Metro Corridors and
Dedicated Bus Way totaling 198.50 km to meet the projected traffic demand up to the year 2021.
Implementation started when the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. under the Companies Act,
1956 was set up in May 1995. Physical work on the project started on October 1, 1998.




|
||
The National Capital Territory of Delhi with a population of around 14 million has a vehicle
population of around 4 million. Bus travel is the predominant mass transportation system in Delhi.
This has resulted in increasing traffic congestion, increasing road accidents and increasing air
pollution.
Though a number of studies were carried out and recommendations made to solve the mass
transportation problem of Delhi, it was only in 1998 that the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation was
formed with equal equity participation of the Government of India and Government of the Capital
Territory of Delhi to plan, execute, operate and ma intain the Delhi Metro.
The Delhi Metro Rail Project is being planned and executed in four phases - Phase I, Phase II,
Phase III and Phase IV.

Currently Phase I is under implementation. It consists of 3 lines - Line 1, Line 2 and Line 3. Line 1
is partly elevated rail and partly surface rail. Line 2 is underground metro. Line 3 is partly
underground and partly elevated rail.
Line is completed and is operational. Phase I is scheduled for completion by 2005, Phase II by
2010, Phase III by 2015 and Phase IV by 2020.
The project requires the deployment of several technologies - Constructional Technology, Rail Coach
Technology, Power Systems Technology, Rail Communication and Control Technology, Microprocessor
Controlled Smart Card Technology. Underground tunnel construction involves considerable risks due to
uncertain geological conditions.
The project is executed with the help of both local and international contractors who are
contracted to design and build the facility. An International Consortium of Consultants oversees
the work.
Japan Bank for International Cooperation is extending loan to the project to the extent of 56%
project cost. Government of India, Ministry of Urban Development and the Government of the
National Capital Territory of Delhi are each investing 15% of the project cost. The remaining is
met through interest-free loans and property development. The operation and maintenance costs
are essentially met by ticket sales.
People of Delhi are generally satisfied with the services offered by DMRC and are proud of
experiencing one of the most modern, sophisticated and world-class technological systems.

|
|

The Delhi Metro (Hindi: *
  Dillī Me ro) is a rapid transit system serving Delhi, Gurgaon and
Noida in the National Capital Region of India. The network consists of six lines with a total length of
156 kilometres (97 mi) with 132 stations of which 31 are underground. It has a combination of
elevated, at-grade and underground lines and uses both broad gauge and standard gauge rolling
stock.

Delhi Metro is being built and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC). As of
April 2010, DMRC operates around 130 trains daily between 6:00 and 23:00 running with an interval
of 3 to 4.5 minutes between trains. The trains have four coaches but there are plans to shift to six
coach trains to increase capacity. The power output is supplied by 25-kilovolt, 50 Hertz alternating
current through overhead catenary. The metro has an average daily ridership of 1.5 million
commuters, and, as of August 2010, had carried over 1.25 billion commuters since its inception.

Planning for the metro started in 1984, when the Delhi Development Authority and the Urban Arts
Commission came up with a proposal for developing a multi-modal transport system for the city. The
Government of India and the Government of Delhi jointly set up the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
(DMRC) in 1995. Construction started in 1998, and the first section, on the Red Line, opened in 2002,
followed by the Yellow Line in 2004, the Blue Line in 2005, its branch line in 2009, the Green and
Violet Lines in 2010. Subsequently, these lines have been extended and new lines are under
construction in Phase II of the project, including the Delhi Airport Metro Express whose opening has
been postponed until November 2010 due to safety concerns.

U
|



The main objective of the project is to improve Delhi's urban environment by reducing traffic
congestion and pollution. The Project is expected to help reduce traffic congestion, exhaust
emissions, and other types of urban pollution caused by motor vehicles, and to play a large role in
improving Delhi's transit system.





3 Out of 271.45 ha of land required for the project, 237.062 ha has already been acquired.
3 Line 1 Shahadra- Rithala is currently operational. A punctuality of 6 minutes is being
maintained at present during peak hours. This interval would gradually be reduced to 3
minutes when adequate traffic builds up.
3 Train-sets of four coaches in rake have been put into service. They run at intervals of 8 to
10 minutes from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. The maximum speed of the Metro is 80 km/h with an
average stoppage time of 20 seconds at each station.
3 Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System is essentially a Äsocial sector project, whose benefits will
pervade over wide sections of the economy. I phase will generate the following benefits to
the city.

21.82 lakhs commuter trips per day will be siphoned off the roads. This would mean:

3 2,600 less buses on the roads. q Increasing in average speed of buses from 10.5 km/h to
14 km/h.
3 Metro will reduce journey time by 50 to 75 percent.
3 Saving of 2 million man-hours per day due to reduced journey time.
3 Saving in fuel cost worth Rs. 5 billion per year
 3 Space saving- The metro can carry traffic as 9 lanes of buses / 33 lanes of motor cars(either
way)
3 Delhi will experience a net benefit of Rs. 437.23 lacks per day. More comfortable & safe
travel for the commuters
3 Reduction in atmospheric pollution levels by 50%.
3 Reduction in accident rates.
3 Improvement in the Quality of life.
|




3.2 metre wide coaches with vestibules that permit passengers to move throughout
the length of the train. Trains currently consist of 4 coaches - two driving coaches and two trailing
coaches. The system is designed for trains with upto 8 coaches. The coaches are equipped with 3
phase AC motors, VVVF control, chevron rubber/air bag suspension system and regenerative
braking system.
The initial lot of 60 Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) coaches are being supplied by Rotem of South
Korea while subsequent coaches will be indigenously manufactured by Bharat Earth Movers Ltd.
(BEML). Contracts have been signed for the delivery 240 coaches. BEML began delivery of locally
assembled coach sets in August 2003, and fully locally manufactured units in January 2004.
The coaches have stainless steel bodies and fiber-reinforced plastic interiors and weigh about 42-t
each. They are rated for 80-km/h max. speed. The nominal capacity is 58 seated and 325
standing passengers each. All trains are fully airconditioned. The trains have wide glass windows
and automatic doors, which can be controlled by the train operator. The system also provides
intercom facilities for the passengers to speak to the driver in case of an emergency.

 

Trains are air-conditioned and maintain an optimal temperature of 290C inside the
coaches. The underground stations will also be air-conditioned. Ticketing and passenger controls are
through Automatic Fare Collection System. Entries and exits to metro stations are controlled by
microprocessor-controlled flap-doors operated by 'smart-cards' and contactless tokens. For convenience
of commuters, adequate number of escalators is installed at metro stations. Parking facilities are
available at most Metro Stations for private vehicle owners who can park and ride on the Metro. Special
feeder buses are provided for the benefit of - 20 - commuters. The entry path is lined with tactile tiles to
guide the visually impaired from outside the stations to the trains. The Metro Sahayaks are present at
stations to provide assistance at all times.



|

Security on the Delhi Metro is handled by the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), who have been
guarding the system ever since they took over from the Delhi Police in 2007. Closed-circuit cameras
are used to monitor trains and stations, and feed from these is monitored by both the CISF and Delhi
Metro authorities at their respective control rooms. Over 3500 CISF personnel have been deployed to
deal with law and order issues in the system, in addition to metal detectors, X-ray baggage inspection
systems and dog squads which are used to secure the system. Intercoms are provided in each train
car for emergency communication between the passengers and the driver. Periodic security drills are
carried out at stations and on trains to ensure preparedness of security agencies in emergency
situations.


|

Fare collection is smartcards, tourist passes and tokens. Fares depend on distance traveled
and range between Rs. 6 and Rs. 14 for the part of Line 1 that is now operational.
Contactless, stored-value smartcards are available for Rs. 100, 200 and 500 in value. They are
available after paying a refundable deposit of Rs. 100 and can also be recharged when the value
on the card is exhausted. Each recharge gives a discount of 10% on travel fare. Apart from travel,
Metro cards will be used for purchases at shops within metro stations.
Tourist passes are available for unlimited travel for Rs. 50 and Rs. 150 for one and three days
respectively. The tokens and cards must be used both at the entry and the exit points.
Tokens are available for single journey and return tickets only.

 
| ||

A detailed Environmental Impact Assessment has been done in 1994 to minimize the negative
environmental impact of the Project during the construction stage of the Project.
For every tree cut during construction, the DMRC is planting 10 trees in advance as
compensatory afforestation. Around 26000 trees have been planted at Najafgarh, Isapur and
Rebla Khanpur. Through proper care 30% of trees in the alignment have been saved.
Installation of storm water drains for disposal of wastewater, monitoring air and noise pollution, disposal
of excavated materials are some of the measures taken during construction to minimize the damage to
the environment and inconvenience to public.

 
  |
 |

The Delhi Metro has been awarded OHSAS 18001 (Occupational Health and Safety Assessment
sequence 18001) by Registro Italiano Navale India Pvt. Ltd. (RINA), Genova.
The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) received the ISO 14001 certificate for establishing an
environmental management system making it the First Metro in the World to receive this
certification at the construction stage.


 |
 ||


Rehabilitation of residents and shopkeepers affected by Metro deserves more serious attention
though the project is meant for greater public good.
Construction of metro completely underground saves considerable land needed for the expansion
and development of the city. In a city short of such land, construction of elevated and surface
rails eats away considerable portion of it.
Certain trade-off is necessary between extending metro lines and the quantity of ridership.
Property development along a metro line will certainly improve ridership.
The conditionalities, the time taken to process the loan application and fluctuations in foreign
exchange market-all point out that financing metro project from internal resources/ borrowings is
preferable to seeking external borrowings even if they are soft loans.
 ''''''|''''''|

|

| 

| 
|
|
|



|
 |  |


|

|| |

|

|| |




|

|  | !"|
|

 |#
$| %!|& 
|

'(
| )
|* +
|*, || +|
 |

-
| +++! 
!|

|
 ‰ 


*
   .
//.
 


‰ 
 01    
 

 0  1

 
 2"
$

 .3
4 



& "
0241

  
40"1 
  

."0.51  


 ""/

$ 


Current Routes

 
     

 
  


 
      
   c )  . +6 c

 3
 -' 

1  +6 7 %

  



  9c
8

 c )    )  +
3+ +- .

5 :/
"1  6+ 36 



:  

c )  ;   !
:/ c"
&

  ++ -
36- 36 :    -7

 
 

1  .

/(6 8
)
 
 
 
< 2 2'-
 
&  0
 

 
%  
36 3
< + -' $ 
& &



 

1 
 
0
 ;  36 < 3 -
: 

 

 =
1     

  0
  


Routes under Construction



›

  
   
 
 




 ! "c
#$%$# '(&)*+'


 -
   c"
&
  ),
-'2&)*3'
.

/ 0
1  

0
#

 ),
3

3'3&)*'2

  % 1  4!
5
#&
&
 
),
'-&)*'2
.  
 1  
0
#0


 
),
: "&5  
 $$  %5