Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
OF GARBAGE COLLECTION IN
METRO BUTUAN
A Thesis Proposal by
James T. Montecillo
May 2019
CHAPTER1. INTRODUCTION
In Butuan City, 20.80% are only dependent in garbage collecton. The current
route for garbage collection in Butuan City was insufficient with the consideration of
are hiking to transport their waste at their designated barangay garbage station. Some
(34.40%) of them from both rural and urban areas, they prefer open dumping and
Inadequate waste collection can produce uncollected garbage that stay longer in
the street can cause negative environment and can affect health issues. Moreover, high
operational costs and poor cost recovery for solid waste management can make a
garbage collector will be less productive due to lack or scattered information about
Solid Waste are the most challenging problems of the city today and at many places
household wastes are thrown haphazardly in and around roadside waste bins leading
transport of solid waste is a difficult task to monitor due to time consuming , huge
for all main cities, especially those overloaded by transport, with growing traffic
activity in the unfavorable logistics system and how to collect the waste in area in
knowledge base way or established procedure and instituted for the collection,
transportation and disposal of waste products which is economically workable and
environmentally feasible[22].
GIS based modelling can be used to provide comparative analysis data between
two routing for garbage collection and it is widely known used for waste collection
development[2]. GIS has a huge impact to in household living for the improvement
and enhancement of waste collection and can handle spatial data and non spatial data
for garbage collection system which is the need to create most efficient routing for
garbage collection system in that city[3].GIS is a best tool for producing efficient
route especially in transportation to provide the shortest route or path and the optimal
route can provide significance in the city especially in economic and environment like
example of reduction of time, distance, fuel consumption and pollutants emission for
the car that collect the garbage and etc.[4]. The proposed GIS developed for solid
waste disposal would give information on the planning of bins, truck garbage
collection due to lack of information[1]. With the consideration of various factor for
on the street, on open spaces and on compounds, and high operational costs and poor
cost recovery for solid waste management[3]. It is really required an efficient route to
analysis, and how efficient are the route are not yet conducted.
The main objective of this study is to compare the existing route and new
This proposed study will provide the most efficient route for garbage collection in
Butuan City in order to make people in Butuan City have a convenience route for
garbage collection. By the most efficient route for garbage collection it provides to
minimize the fuel consumption , least cost path , reduce workers for garbage
collection, and time travel of the car garbage collector. The most efficient route will
help for the garbage collector to minimize their time for collecting garbage from
reallocate waste bins and also help for the improvement of Solid Waste Management
program in Butuan City. The proposed model efficient routing can be used as a
decision support tool by the municipal authorities for efficient management of the
daily operations for moving solid wastes, load balancing within vehicles, managing
and the new propose route to determine which is the most efficient route in for
garbage collection in order to have a better route system for garbage collection in
Butuan City.
of gas emission of car garbage collection and the impact of floods because of
uncollected garbage and evaluating the impact of negative environment and health
issues cause by accumulated garbage on the street does not also include in this
research. In addition, traffic flow system is not part of this study. As well as the
determination of composition of the solid waste in Butuan City does not part of this
study.
In Butuan City, 20.80% are only dependent in garbage collecton.[1] City Mayor
Ferdinand M. Amante Jr open about the volume of waste estimated at 95 tons per day.
Butanon’s pursuing to attain the zero waste status in order to have a positive
Zero Waste Program thru the ‘No Segregation , No Collection’ Policy and about this
program was based on the Republic Act No. 9003 otherwise known as “Ecological
Solid Waste Management Act” it is act providing ecological solid waste management
program which is shall providing penalties, funds thereof and other purposes. The
garbage into money. According to Jugao that many groups and organization of
Butuanon’s which help to reduce the solid waste does not only help clean the
environment but also earn additional income because waste can be converted into
organic fertilizers. This program operated with the committees in Clean Households,
Garbage collection and efficient routing is one of the solution to create a healthy
minimize the distance,time for the vehicle of garbage collection and minimize the air
pollutants. Optimizing the route and reallocate the bins can make a reduction for time
negativity[7]. The case study focuses on municipal solid waste collection routes from
residential area in Kluang district to Ladang CEP 1 sanitary landfill and Seelong
sanitary landfill. The study found that SWCorp could save up to 18% and 7.3% of
fuel consumption per day by following the effective routes for transporting solid
waste to Ladang CEP 1 sanitary landfill and to Seelong Sanitary landfill respectively.
The findings could assist SWCorp saving management cost and also keep
environment cleaner[9].The optimal route is defined as the one that minimizes fuel
consumption[10]. Providing also efficient routing will make fuel savings and
reductions in carbon dioxide emissions and was considered to mean lowering fuel
Garbage Collection.
Moreover, GIS can assist in increasing information and efficiency of solid waste
using Geographic Information System (GIS) is a tool that can provide spatial and non
spatial information for urban planning and management and can link this data for
various uses[3]. In Cit´e El Habib district of Sfax city, Tunisia where optimization
was developed using the ArcGISNetwork Analyst tool in order to improve the
operating time while taking into consideration all the required settings parameters like
traffic/circulation, collection vehicles capacity, and etc[6]. GIS assist to handle data in
the computer to produces option and to take the most efficient decisions[9].
Using GIS, solid waste collectors can solve fundamental problems in solid waste
affect selection of disposal sites such as topography, geology, settlements, land use,
water bodies, and road networks[11]. Results found out that using Geographic
Information System (GIS) has an higher level of effectiveness for collection process
in household collection bins , reallocation along with the vehicles , providing efficient
routing in terms of distance and time and the results was 83% in distance and 5% in
time with fuel consumption savings in the sector 1 of district El Bousten of Sfax
commune, Tunisia by ArcGIS Network Analyst base model[14]. GIS as a tool can
interpret , display and analyst relationship between spatial and non-spatial data — it
can thus be used as a decision support tool for efficient management of the different
functional elements solid waste e.g. bin location, number of bins required, waste
software, designed to allow users to collect, manipulate, analyse, display and stored
huge volumes of spatially referenced data and in the connection of attribute data
gathered from a quality of sources (Ghose et al., 2006). GIS enabless the reader to
interpret, and manage data for a better understanding of relationships, trends and
GIS can make location information and all other information are brought
together with other spatial information such as streets to represent the exact distances
and time on a street network between any two given points, taking into account
various constraints that all contribute to generating a realistic result, including speed
limits, directional attributes of the streets –e.g. one-way direction- , and accurate
portion distances[21]. GIS have the potential to represent the tabular data (in forms
and reports) and a map displaying customer locations, landfills, and other facilities
routing to reduce overlap and thereby reduce the number of vehicles required to
service customers; and sequencing the stops along a route to provide best use of fuel,
driver schedules, and disposal trips. As an example, GIS-based routing system was
deployed in Elgin, Chicago. The result shows a reduction of one route which
represent 10% of the routes, reducing the hours per route by one hour, and increase in
the productivity of the routes from 57 yards per hour to 63 yards per hour (figure
10)[21]. In general, GIS show a key role in keeping an account data to assist
stations; designing routes for vehicles transporting waste from residential, commercial
and industrial customers to transfer stations and from starting stations to landfills;
locating new landfills and monitoring the landfill. GIS is a tool has the ability reduce
cost and travelled time, but also supply a digital data bank for future monitoring
program of the site[22]. The technology can also provide ways for higher cognitive
process during planning especially when it comes to solid waste collection and
disposing[22].
Collection.
High operational costs and poor cost recovery for solid waste management is
is another issue in solid waste management. The main causes being long distances to
major roads, weak design of the routes and random location of collection points of
waste bins. However, cost recovery is highly affected by the household characteristics
and low incomes. Often some households cannot pay refuse collection charges due to
the their situation for being a poor (spending less than one USD per capita per day)
while others are discouraged because of the low level of service provision[3].
Inadequate waste collection in which a large percentage about 60% stay either in the
places where it originates or staying longer in the gathering areas leading to a number
of environmental and health hazards e.g. dust, smell, smokes from burning etc. In
addition, the stored waste become breeding grounds for disease carrying flies,
cockroaches, mosquitoes and rats (Halla and Majani, 1999) and thus creating health
risks[3]. Ahmed and Quader (2011) reported that, Bangladesh is facing public-health
risk such as, asthma, diarrhea and even skin diseases etc. due to uncollected disposal
site[11].
The study will conducted in Butuan City which is the capital Province of
Agusan del Norte and northwestern part of Region XIII, south part of Municipalities
of Las Nieves, Agusan del Norte, east and northwest of Municipaliy of Sibagat ,
Agusan del Sur and west part of Municipality of Buenavista , Agusan del Norte. It has
land area of 81,662 hectares which is roughly 4.1% of the total area in Caraga Region
3.1Overview
disposed all waste and after the location was being determined we will go to network
analysis using ArcGIS software to analyze attribute data and spatial data to get the
shortest distance[4].
Reallocate bins on the road network ,install new bins near existing bin location
allow for putting more bins at the same intersection area and the number of bin
sharing the same intersection point related to surrounding land use and population of
At last consists of the waste collection routing optimization for minimum time,
distance, fuel consumption and cost. The waste collection optimisation model was
developed with the use of ArcGIS Network Analyst (NA) GIS Software[7].
ARC MAP
Attribute Data
Request a map of Road
Road name
Network from Lidar
Length
Routes direction
Authority
Road Slope
GIS
CONSTRUCTION
ROAD NETWORK in
VECTOR DATA
GIS ANALYSIS
(Network Analyst)
Coordinate Tracking to validate the location of landfill area to disposed all waste.
After the location was being determined we will go to network analysis using ArcGIS
software to analyse attribute data and spatial data to get the shortest distance. Fuel
consumption estimation based on the total distance of each routes that used to collect
all waste and total fuel consumption using shortest distance that being calculated and
compared to the current route total fuel consumption that being used and transfer to
the landfill area[4].The shortest transportation distance was determined using ArcGIS
software on the basis of coordinate tracking, data collection for network analysis and
fuel consumption estimation[4]. A variety collection systems are used with respect to
and vehicles with dedicated loaders. Garbage trucks are classified in eight
gross-vehicle-weight (GVW) classes which means empty vehicle weight plus cargo
weight. For providing shortest path, the Arc GIS Network Analyst modelling is used.
It will used in the environment of real transportation data, Network Analyst model
turns (e.g. U-turns)as well as demand at intersections (nodes) and along the
roads ,etc.These points also agree to pairs of vehicle stops (waste bins). In order to get
the optimal route or shortest route for garbage collection is to total travel time for is
the sum of the travel time for each road segment plus the collection time for the waste
collection bins. The final output is an efficient or shortest distance solution based on
the reduction of distance and time criteria[14]. The road network must be in
Waste is collected using waste collection vehicle from its source of generation
and transported to the special facility, such as recyclable waste facility, or to a landfill
area[21]. Executing analysis over a network of connected edges and decides fleet
routing, travel directions, closest facility, service area, and location allocation and the
route optimization, network dataset edges represent the road network being traversed.
One-way streets, turn restrictions, obstacles, road conditions, and limitations can
address by GIS Network Analysis tool in order to determined the shortest path[23].
DTM raster images were used to develop the slope data for each corresponding street
segment[23].
REALLOCATION AND
RELOCATION OF EXISTING
WASTE BINS
DATA COLLECTION
Relocation and
reallocation of
existing waste
bins
Figure 3. Flow chart of reallocation waste bins and proposed waste bins
In order to reduce the number of required bins and vehicle stops. On the basis of
the population density and the type of buildings in the study area, bins of 1100L
analyse the spatial data for the optimisation of the waste collection scheme in MoN, a
bins can saved time to garbage truck and can minimize time cost[4]. This activity is
enforced in a GIS situation with the use of well-informed spatial analysis functions
and position of the waste collection bins in their newly proposed positions is based on
the following criteria and one of the criteria is the number of present bins is
determined by field study. Then, the reallocation of these bins in the study area is
performed according to the following rules which is allocate bins on the road network
(intersections are preferable, place new bins near existing bin locations and allow the
placement of more than one bin at the same intersection and the number of the bins
sharing the same intersection point is related to the surrounding land use and the
population of the covered area[14].GIS as a tool can help to optimize the location of
bins[15]. Waste bins should be near and comfortable distant for the residents[21].
Points (dots) were used to show the solid waste collection points; the types of
collection points as well as the legality were shown using different symbols (points)
SHOTEST DISTANCE
(Vector data in Line)
Basis: ARC MAP
-Reduction of Traveled distance (GIS ANALYSIS)
-Reduction of Fuel Consumption
-Reduction Traveled Traveled
-Reduction of Traveled Cost
COMPARISON BETWEEN
EXISTING ROUTE AND
PROPOSED ROUTE
Emphirical Data
DATA COLLECTION -Bins
-Routes
-Schedules
The optimal path finding algorithm is based on the classic Dijkstra's algorithm
(Dijkstra, 1959) which solves the issue of optimal route selection on an undirected,
prohibited turns (e.g. U-turns), demand at intersections (nodes) and along the roads,
fundamental point is to build a cost matrix containing the costs between start
destination and final destinations. These points agree to pairs of vehicle stops (waste
bins)[2].
Fuel consumption reduction is based on the total distance for each routes that
used to collect all waste from residential area in and the total distances are being
multiply by the coefficient of fuel consumption based on the distance travel of
garbage truck. In this study, garbage truck is refers to a truck specially designed to
collect municipal solid waste and transfer the collected waste to a solid waste
treatment facility such as sanitary landfill. Subsequently, the efficient distance for
transporting solid waste from residential area to landfill area were determined. Then,
total fuel consumptions using shortest distance were calculated and compared with
actual total fuel used to collect and transfer the waste to landfill[4].ThisThe Network
Analyst extension can perform ”Find Best Route”, which is can make a way a road
network problem by finding the efficient network from one stop to one or more
stops(waste bins location). Network modeling provide the opportunity to the user to
let the rules relating to the objects, arcs and events together with solving
transportation problems[9].
average speed of the collection vehicle in the travel between stops and the total
routes for solid waste collection, there were more inputs to the ArcGIS Network
Analyst VRP solver. A raster DTM file was imported into ArcGIS and included the
elevation and topographic relief information for the study area in order to perform test
calculations of slope for each road segment within the city. Once the input layers were
including: time windows,vehicle capacity, cost barriers, and restrictions. With all the
inputs and parameters set up, the VRP solver can construct a new optimized route
with optimal sequencing. The route was evaluated for accuracy and route parameters
were then adjusted accordingly. More route solve repeat were run until an optimal
collection route was known[23]. Solid waste collection vehicles normally have a large
load, fuel consumption possibly affected by the slope of the streets. Therefore, a road
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