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Introduction:
Objectives:
Apparatus: measuring cylinder, 100cm3 conical flask,250cm3 conical flask, spatula, filter
papers, Bunsen burner, tripod stand, wire gauze, beakers, thermometer, filter funnel, filter
paper, electronic balance, glass rod
2)2 spatula measures of decolourising charcoal was added and the contents of the conical
flask were heated gently bringing the solution to just boiling.
3) The flask was cooled under water from the cold tap water.
6) The contents of the flask was shaken thoroughly for a few minutes
7) This was repeated for further 4 minutes until a total volume of 25ml of hydrogen peroxide
had been added
8) When all the hydrogen peroxide had been added, the contents of the flask was transferred
to a 250 ml conical flask.
9) A water bath was prepared using a 400ml beaker provided and water in the bath was
heated to approximately 60°C. The flask was placed into the water bath and the temperature
was maintained for approximately 30 minutes.
10) Then the flask was cooled in ice water to precipitate the crude solid.
1) The crude solid and charcoal was filtered off and then the filter paper containing the solid
was placed into a beaker containing 100ml of boiling water which had been acidified with
3ml of concentrated HCl.
2) The solution was then filtered to remove the charcoal and the filtrate was collected in a
100 ml conical flask. The filtrate contains the dissolved cobalt salt.
3)10 ml of concentrated HCl was added to the filtrate and the flask was cooled in ice water.
At this stage, crystals of hexaaminecobalt (III) chloride had formed.
4) The crystal was then filtered out by rinsing them with small volume of distilled water.
5) The crystals were then dried by opening out the filter paper and excess water was removed
by gently pressing the crystals with more filter paper.
6) The crystal was then left to air dry naturally for about 5 minutes.
7) The sample bottle was weighed. The crystals were put and reweighed to obtain the mass of
hexaaminecobalt (III) chloride crystal formed.
Results:
Discussion:
The initial colour of cobalt (II) in hydrated cobalt (II) chloride was purplish red and
the final colour of cobalt (III) in hexaaminecobalt (III) chloride is orange. This clearly shows
that cobalt is a transition metal with an incompletely filled d orbital as it forms coloured
compound and has different oxidation states.
The percentage yield obtained is less than 100% due to loss of solute when the
solution was transferred from the 100cm3 conical flask to 250 cm3 conical flask. Besides that,
hexaaminecobalt (III) chloride might not have fully crystallised when the crystals were
filtered out and some of the crystals might have been loss due to evaporation.
Conclusion:
The colour of hexaaminecobalt (III) chloride is orange. The percentage yield obtained from
this experiment is 19.75%.
Questions:
1)
2) The crystal obtained had to be washed in cold water to prevent the risk of dissolving the
crystal which may lead to an inaccurate percentage yield.
=
( )
= 0.15 moles
=
( ) ( ) ( )
= 0.05 moles
= 13.37 g
Percentage yield
x 100 % = x 100%
= 19.75%
Reference: