X4 Range Operating Guide

X4 X-Ray Inspection System User Guide
Original instructions
ii
Preface
Copyright and acknowledgements

Copyright © 2010 Loma Systems, a division of ITW Ltd. All rights reserved.
Loma Systems
Summit Avenue
Southwood
Farnborough
Hampshire
GU14 ONY
England
Email: sales@loma.co.uk
Web: http://www.loma.com
The Loma X4, and this documentation are copyright material. No part of this documentation may be
reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language, or
computer language in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of Loma Systems.
The Loma X4 is a trademark of Loma Systems. All other product names are trademarks or registered
trademarks of their respective owners.
Important Note
No liability is accepted for errors and omissions in this document. If users are uncertain about any
aspect of the installation, commissioning, operation or servicing of the equipment they should
contact an authorised service centre. Details of these are given on page ix or can be obtained
from www.loma.com.
The information in this guide is believed to be correct at the date of publication. However, our policy
is one of continuous improvement and so the information in this guide is subject to change without
notice, and does not represent a commitment on the part of Loma Systems.
Part number: 814198-E-ENG

iii
Preface
X4 X-ray
iv
Preface
Safety Warnings
Listed below are all the safety warnings that are used throughout this manual. It is strongly
recommended that personnel who are, or will be, responsible for installing, maintaining or
operating the equipment described in this manual should read and understand these
warnings.
1. LETHAL HAZARD – ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES. A current of 100 milli-amps passing through the
body for one second can kill. This can occur at voltages as low as 35 V ac or 50 V dc. The
equipment described in this manual uses electrical power which can be lethal. Unless absolutely
necessary, cleaning, inspection and maintenance must not be carried out without first isolating
the equipment from all electrical supplies.
2. LETHAL HAZARD – RADIATION. Whilst every precaution has been taken to make sure that
all the necessary guards and safety devices have been fitted to the Loma X-ray unit, it is
recommended that all operatives are trained in the use of X-ray food inspection machines.
Furthermore it is the responsibility of the employer to create a set of local rules (see Appendix
A Radiation Safety) regarding the safe use of X-ray food inspection systems. In the U.K. this is
in compliance with the Ionising Radiation’s Regulations 1999, users outside of the UK should
consult the relevant health and safety executive.
3. LETHAL HAZARD – COMPRESSED AIR SUPPLIES. The equipment described in this manual
may be supplied with a compressed air supply operating at a pressure, which may be lethal.
Unless absolutely necessary, cleaning, inspection and maintenance must not be carried out
without first isolating the equipment from all compressed air supplies. In addition, it should be
checked that all air pipes are properly connected.
4. WORKING ON EQUIPMENT. If it is essential to work on the equipment with electrical and/or

compressed air power connected, the work must be undertaken only by suitably qualified and
authorised personnel who are fully aware of the danger involved and who have taken adequate
safety precautions to avoid contact with dangerous voltages, radiation (see Radiation Surveys)
or compressed air supplies.
5. REJECT DEVICES. At no time, with compressed air and/or electrical power applied to an
automatic reject device, should any part of the body be placed within the operating area of the
reject device. In addition no attempt should be made to operate the X4 X-ray machine without
the reject bin or guards in place.
6. EXCESSIVE NOISE. When an air blast reject device operates, the noise emitted may constitute
a noise hazard. While short exposure to this noise will not normally cause permanent damage to
hearing, prolonged exposure may cause some damage. Modular belts when run at higher
speeds (typically above 50 m/min) can also generate noise levels in excess of 70dB(A). It is
recommended that ear defenders are worn by personnel who are regularly exposed to the noise.
7. HEAVY EQUIPMENT. The equipment described in this manual is extremely heavy and
considerable care must be taken when handling it. Sufficient personnel and a suitable forklift
truck or pallet truck must be used to ensure safe handling. In addition attention should be paid
to the X4 Lifting Points drawing in the Installation section of this manual.
WARNING - The Loma X-ray machine is a high performance system and as such contains
several sensitive components. For this reason the system is fitted with internal shock sensors
to monitor whether the system has been subjected to inappropriate handling. Activation of this
shock sensor may invalidate the system warranty
v
Preface
8. LIFTING EQUIPMENT. Use only the correct slings and lifting tackle to move heavy items
of equipment described in this manual. Inspect all slings and lifting tackle prior to lifting the
equipment to ensure that:
a) The safe working load will not be exceeded. Please see Product Description section for
details of approximate system weights.
b) There are no frayed or broken strands.
c) Hooks, rings, etc. are not damaged.
shock sensor may invalidate the system warranty
9. MOVING THE MACHINE. The centre-of-gravity of the conveyor is high. Care must be taken
when moving such equipment on a slope to ensure that it does not topple over. This could result
in death or severe injury to an individual and/or severe damage to the machine (refer to X4 Lifting
Points in the Installation section of this manual).
shock sensor may invalidate the system warranty.
10. CONTAMINANTS. Oils and greases must always be handled with care. Prolonged bare skin
exposure to certain oils and greases can cause skin problems. Always handle oils and greases
in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions (for types used see section on routine
maintenance).
11. TRAPPED FINGERS. Do not place fingers on the underside of the x-ray conveyor belt when the
machine is operating. It is possible for fingers to be trapped and subsequently crushed between
a moving and fixed component of the machine.
WARNING LABELS. The Loma x-ray machine has a number of warning labels and engravings
throughout the system. Particular attention should be paid to the location of these warnings and
their significance in operating the machine safely. If necessary because of local requirements
some labelling may also be provided in a second language.
12. GUARDS. No machine is to be run without guards fitted unless for maintenance purposes and
only if adequate precautions have been taken. Under no circumstances is any interlock to be
defeated. This could lead to serious leakage of radiation if operated with x-rays on in such a
manner.
13. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION WARNING. “In the USA, the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (O.S.H.A.) Acts quite clearly place the burden
of compliance on the user of equipment, and the acts are generalised to the extent that
determination of adequacy of compliance is a judgement decision on the part of the local
inspector. Hence Loma cannot be held responsible for meeting full requirements of O.S.H.A. or
O.H.S.A. with regards to any equipment supplied, nor can Loma be held liable for penalty which
may be assessed for failure to meet the requirements of the acts as interpreted by an authorised
inspector. Loma, however, does act in a responsible manner with regard to safe design of
equipment and will always work with customers to assist where possible in the remedy of any
violations at a reasonable cost to the buyer.”
vi
Preface
Emergency procedures
1. Emergency Shutdown of X-Ray System

This equipment is fitted with one or more emergency ‘Stop’ button(s). The button is red in
colour with a yellow background. In the event of an emergency, which requires the conveyor to
be immediately stopped, press the stop button and both x-ray generation and the conveyor will
be stopped.
Under normal operation of the system, to maximise x-ray component life, x-ray generation
should be terminated via the system user interface.
2. Dealing With Fire

In the unlikely event of fire occurring in an item of equipment manufactured by Loma Systems, it
is important that a fire extinguisher containing the correct type of extinguishing material is used.
Fire on electrical equipment must be extinguished using a dry powder extinguisher (Blue Label).
3. Audible Warnings
The x-ray machine is fitted with a multi-tone alarm, which operates in the event of a fault
condition when a contamination detected in the product. The maximum volume of the alarm is
type dependent and lies in the range of 110 dB(A) at i metre.
4. Visual Indications
The x-ray machine is fitted with indicator lamps, which operate to show a particular status or in
the event of a fault condition. The machine must not be operated unless all such indicators are
fully operational. There are also more detailed fault listings displayed on the operator screen.
5. Radiation Levels
Each Loma x-ray inspection machine has a radiation survey to ensure that the radiation levels
emitted from the system are within the specified allowable limits. In fact at Loma we strive to
be well inside the allowable limit to maximise confidence in a safe system. The legislative figure
in the UK is 1 μSv/h but on a typical machine we generally achieve 0.3 μSv/h on average.
In addition when a system is commissioned on a customers‘ premises a critical examination is
carried out and the results stored on record at Loma. A copy of which is also provided to the
customer (see Appendix B Radiation Surveys).
vii
Preface
Quality Assurance
By your selection of a Loma X-ray system you have demonstrated your intention to assure the
quality of your products, and thereby protect your customers.
The following points are recommended:
1. Once your Loma system is installed you should contact your local Loma Service Department
to have the system commissioned.
2. Regularly check the operation of your system (once an hour is recommended). Keep accurate
records of those tests and the samples being used, along with the product details.
3. If the x-ray fails the test, quarantine the product from the last test and re¬introduce through the
x-ray once the equipment is fit for use.
4. Have the equipment supported by a Planned Preventative Maintenance Contract. Details can
be obtained from your local Loma Service Department.
5. If you have or intend to have BS EN 9000 accreditation, write a section into your Operating
Procedures manual covering x-ray procedures and have each x-ray system regularly calibrated
with a certificate issued.
6. Finally, at least on a yearly basis, have your operators, QA and maintenance personnel trained
in the use of the equipment. Details of available training can be obtained from your local Loma
Service Department.
Obligations under CE Directive 2002/96/EC (WEEE)

In accordance with the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment recycling (WEEE) Regulations
2012/19/EU and CE Directive 2002/96/EC, electrical and electronic equipment must be recycled at
the end of its useful life.
The metal detector is considered to be a Large-scale Stationary Industrial Tool (LSIT) as defined in
Article 2 of the WEEE Regulations. Consequently it is the responsibility of the user of the equipment
to ensure the safe disposal of the machine at the end of its useful life.
viii
Preface
EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
We hereby declare that the following machinery complies with the essential health and safety
requirements of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC and with the protection requirements
of the Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive 2004/108/EC, EU-Directive 1935/2004/EC
(Materials for Food Contact) and EU- Directive 2011/10/EC (Plastic Materials and Articles
intended to come into contact with food).
Machine Description: Inspection machine for the analysis and classification of food
and non-food related products by non-destructive means.
Machine Type:
Affix Machine Type and Serial Number Label Here
Serial Number:
This machinery has been designed and manufactured in accordance with the following
transposed harmonised European standards
EN ISO 12100:2010. Safety of Machinery. General principles for design. Risk assessment and risk reduction.
EN ISO 13857:2008. Safety of Machinery - Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by upper and lower limbs.
EN 349 : 1993, +A1:2008. Safety of Machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body.
EN ISO 13849-1:2008. Safety of machinery – Safety related parts of control systems. General principles for design.
EN 60204 part 1:2006, +A1:2209. Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines. General requirements.
EN 61000-6-2:2005. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Generic standards. Immunity for industrial environments.
EN 61000-6-4:2007, +A1:2011. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Generic standards. Emission standard for industrial
environments
A technical construction file for this machine is retained at the following address:
Loma Systems, a division of ITW Ltd.,

Southwood, Farnborough, Hampshire, GU14 0NY England.
Signed: Date: 11/06/2014

Name: David Phillips. Position: R&D Manager.
Being the responsible person appointed by the manufacturer or nominated representative of the
manufacturer established in the EC, and employed by:
Loma Systems, a division of ITW Ltd.,

Southwood, Farnborough, Hampshire, GU14 0NY England.
ix
Preface
The Loma group of companies

UK Canada
Sales, Customer Service and Support Sales and Customer Service
Loma Systems Loma Systems
Southwood Unit 11, 333 Wyecroft Road
Farnborough Ontario
Hampshire L6K 2H2
GU14 0NY Canada
United Kingdom
Tel.: 01252 893300 Tel.: 1-800-387-7987 / 905-842-4581

Fax: 01252 513322 Fax: 905-842-3461
E-Mail: sales@loma.com E-Mail: sales@loma.com
Web: http://www.loma.com Web: http://www.loma.com
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Sales and Customer Service Sales and Customer Service
Loma Systems Loma Systems
283 East Lies Road U Lomy 1069
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Tel.: 1-630-588-0900 / 1-800-USA-Loma Tel: +42 (0) 377 183810

Fax: 1-630-588-1395 Fax: +42 (0) 377 183820
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Loma Systems 4879 AX Etten-Leur
Door 3, No. 15, Lane 1985 Netherlands
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Tel.: +86 (0) 21 64102396 Tel: +31 (0) 492 573550

Fax: +86 (0) 21 64102395 Fax: +31 (0) 492 573570
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E-Mail: cn.service@loma.com E-Mail: bnl.service@loma.com
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Sales and Customer Service Sales and Customer Service
Loma Systems France Loma Systems
120, rue Jean Jaurès Magnusstrasse 18
92300 Levallois-Perret Dinslaken
France D-46535
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Tel.: +33 (0) 155 695778 Tel: +49 (0) 511 9666811
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E-Mail: fr.sales@loma.com E-Mail: de.sales@loma.com
E-Mail: fr.sales@loma.com E-Mail: de.service@loma.com
For details of other Loma offices and the worldwide distributor network, please visit the
Loma web site at www.loma.com or telephone one of the sales offices.
x
xi
Contents
Contents
About the X-ray inspection range 1 Setting up the X-ray system

About the X-Ray inspection range 2 – Product integrity 69
Product discriptions 3 Checkweigh individual objects 77
X-Ray Subsystem 4
Safety Guards / Devices 6 Setting up the X-ray system
Conveyor Reject Types 7 - reject Timing 85
Optional Equipment 9
Using Performance Validation 91
Installation 11 Test button 92
General information 13
Maintenance 93
Installation - Electrical 15
Installation - Pneumatics 16 X-Ray Bespoke Machine Service Schedule 94
Checking Guards 17 Inspection and Cleaning 98
Checking Belt Tracking 18 Routine Maintenance 101
Setting Up Reject 18 X-Ray Cabinet 104
Radiation Surveys 20 Adjusting the Reject Mechanisms 107
Routine Operational Testing 21

External Radiation 21 Appendices 109
Frequency of Monitoring 21 APPENDIX A - Radiation Safety 110

APPENDIX B 112
Using the X-ray system 25 APPENDIX D 116
Principles of Inspection 26 APPENDIX E 122
Equating Absorption 29
End User Licence Agreement 126
User Interface 31
General Operating Instructions 33
Index 127
Setting up a new product 37

Product Settings 41
Displaying and printing reports 43

Statistics 44
Setting up the X-ray system

– contaminant detection 49
Learn Product 50
xii
Contents
About the X-ray
inspection range
This chapter provides a general
overview of the product range,
explaining its operation and giving
examples of typical applications.
It also describes the key features of

each of the different models in the
range.
2
About the X-ray
inspection range
ABOUT THE X-RAY INSPECTION RANGE
Intended use of the equipment

This equipment is designed to be used in the food industry to detect metal and other contamination
in packets, pouches or loose products. X-ray Systems ensure product safety, equipment protection
and regulatory compliance by automatically removing the contaminated product from the production
line, stopping the line or alerting the operator or a combination of these.
Your workstation
The system is an automated inspection system so generally does not need an operator present.
Operator intervention is generally required to change the product/system settings. This is generally
performed standing in front of the system using the touchscreen.
Typical applications
Typical applications for this product are the detection of unwanted metal objects in foodstuffs for the
food and drink industry.
Cleaning your machine

The transport belts installed in the equipment are approved for food contact. The material used can
be verified if food is to come into contact with the transport belt under normal operating conditions.
Normal detergents are recommended for cleaning the machine. It is very important that the machine
is thoroughly rinsed afterwards, as prolonged exposure to chlorine based detergents can cause 304
stainless steel to discolour.
3
About the X-ray
inspection range
PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONS
Technical Specification
General
Case Material ....................................................................................... Stainless steel 304L, fabricated

Case Finish ..................................................................................................................... Brushed Finish
Control Unit .............................................................................................................................. Loma X4

Image Capture and Processing Unit .................................................................. 2.8 GHz P4 (minimum)
User Interface ..........................................................................................................12.1” Touch screen
Mounting.................................................................................... On adjustable feet (Optionally Wheels)
Power & Air Requirements
Supply voltages ............................................................................ 230 V/1ph/ 50 Hz, 110 V /1ph / 60 Hz

Load Current (typical) ..................................................................... Conveyor - 230 V / 6 A, 110 V / 11 A
Air supply..................................................................... 5 to 8 bar / 80 to 100 psi at a volume of 25 cfm
Environment
Environmental Protection ...................................... Dust and waterproof to IP65 level (Optionally IP66)
Operating Temperature ..................................................................................................... +2º to +30ºC
Relative Humidity .............................................................................. 90% non-condensing (maximum)
Dimensions
Nominal line height ..................................................................................................... 900mm ± 100mm

Weight ............................................................................................... Approximately 550 kilograms (X4)
X-Ray system
Maximum X-Ray Power ..............................................150 W (60 kV, 2.5 mA) X4

............................................. 450 W (90 kV, 5 mA) X4 800 XL, SIDESHOOTER.
4
About the X-ray
inspection range
X-Ray Subsystem
The x-ray components and control system are fitted inside the central stainless steel cabinet.
X-Ray Tank
An x-ray generating tube is mounted inside the liquid cooled tank. The fluid used is an based
transformed fluid. A copy of the COSHH datasheet is provided in Section 9.
High voltage PSU

The x-ray power is supplied by a high voltage power supply. This enables the x-ray voltage (kV) and
current (mA) to be controlled.
Detector Array
The detector array comprises of a line of photosensitive diodes (the number varies depending on the
width used) - 384 diodes for 300 mm wide, 640 diodes for 500 mm wide and 768 diodes for 600 mm
and 1152 for 900 mm wide - which receive the x-ray energy emitted from the x-ray tube. The diodes
used are typically 0.8 mm across. The detector scans at a rate of hundreds per second (typically
620) depending on the belt/product speed. The scan data is passed to the Image Capture and
Processing Unit (ICPU), which also controls the initialisation and normalisation of the detector.
Warning – The system should not be left generating x-rays for extended periods of time with no
product passing through, as this is likely to reduce the life of the detector.
Image Capture and Processing Unit

The ICPU is located in the centre section of the machine and is where the control software, image
processing software and hardware are located. Data is received from the detector, analysed and
then displayed on the monitor. If the outcome of the analysis indicates that the product requires
rejecting, then the ICPU will instigate this process.
PLC
The PLC monitors key signals and passes the status of these to the ICPU via RS232.
User Interface
A 12.1” colour touch screen display is fitted to the system.
System Software
This software is used to provide for the operator interface to the system, gather and display image
information of product passing through the machine.
5
About the X-ray
inspection range
Configuration
The standard power levels are provided on each unit as follows:
a) X4 - 150 Watt System, Tube voltage (max) = 60 kV Tube current = 0.5 to 2.5 mA
b) X4 800 XL and SideShoot - 450 Watt system, Tube voltage (max) = 90 kV Tube current
= 0.5 - 5.0 mA
In addition to the power levels available, the detector array selected is dependent on the width of the
conveyor as follows:
a) 307 mm (for a 300 mm wide conveyor)
b) 512 mm (for a 500 mm wide conveyor)
c) 614 mm (for a 600 mm wide conveyor or SideShoot system)
d) 922 mm (for a X4 800 XL)
Conveyors
Typically a 250 watt 0.3hp motor drives the conveyor. The speed is variable, within a pre-set range,
via an inverter. In addition the conveyor is fitted with a suitable reject system that will best ensure
that contaminated product is successfully placed in a suitable container e.g. reject bin.
The non-crack surface makes it easier to clean and in addition is non-absorbent. The standard belt
supplied is PU. The conveyors are supplied in the following standard sizes:
Nominal line height: 900mm ± 100mm

Belt widths: 300mm, 500mm, 600mm and 800 mm
Typical Lengths: 2000mm
6
About the X-ray
inspection range
Safety Guards / Devices
Guarding
For x-ray machines the use of guarding is extremely important in order to shield operators from the
ionising radiation present when x-rays are on. Legislation specifies the radiation limits surrounding
a x-ray machine. Radiation levels must not be greater than 1.0μSv per hour. The level emitted
from the Loma x-ray machine is much less, on average not greater than 0.3 μSv per hour. This is
achieved by engineering and design. The stainless steel construction creates most of the shielding
required with the addition of x-ray product curtains. These curtains are fitted at each side of the
internal x-ray cabinet and at the infeed and outfeed ends of the conveyor. For high power units
two curtains are fitted at each of the four locations; the two curtains are staggered to ensure that
the fingers of each curtain overlap. For these applications it is important that if for any reason the
curtains are replaced that this overlap is maintained. In certain bulkflow applications the curtains
may not be fitted and protection is provided by the fact that access cannot be obtained via the
infeed and outfeed apertures.
Interlock switches
Each cover and panel providing shielding protection and access to the radiation areas is fitted with
an interlock switch. When opened x-rays will switch off and a fault condition is generated. There is
no residual radiation present when x-rays are off.
Safety Relay and Circuits

As safety is paramount, at least one failsafe relay is fitted to ensure that if a contact of the interlocks
were to fail the safety relay will automatically detect the fault and therefore shut down x-rays and
activate a fault condition.
The safety interlock switches and emergency stops each have two safety contacts, one with a 24
VDC signal, one with a 0 VDC signal. These signals are series wired through to the the safety relay
inputs. Failure or opening of any of these contacts, or short circuit of the signals, will cause the
safety relay to drop-out.
This will disable the supply to the High Voltage Generation power supply and also disable the
inverter/motor circuit.
When all these switches and the tank thermostats are operating correctly, the conveyor can be
started and via the x-ray control key switch and touchscreen, to start the x-ray generation.
7
About the X-ray
inspection range
Conveyor Reject Types

The x-ray conveyor machines can be supplied with the following on-board reject types:
• Air Blast
• Pusher
Air Blast Reject

An air blast reject is pneumatically operated. On detection of a contaminant a high-pressure blast of
compressed air is directed from the air blast reject device to the product, causing the contaminated
product to be blown off the belt into the reject bin.
Pusher Reject
Rejects are normally pneumatically operated. On detection of a contaminant the compressed air
supply activates the reject mechanism. If a pusher is fitted, this causes it to push the contaminated
product off the belt into the reject bin. If a drop flap assembly is fitted (which could have 1 to 5 flaps)
the relevant flap will be operated, dropping the contaminated product portion into a reject tray or bin.
Pneumatic Specification for reject type
Pusher
Optimum supply pressure…………………………………. 5.5 Bar (80 psi)
Minimum supply pressure…………………………………. 4.5 Bar (65 psi)
Maximum supply pressure………………………………… 6.0 Bar (90 psi)
Capacity (Litres/Second at 100 psi)…………………….………...………10
Air Blast
Optimum supply pressure…………………………………6.8 Bar (100 psi)
Minimum supply pressure……………………………..……5.5 Bar (80 psi)
Maximum supply pressure………………………….……..8.0 Bar (120 psi)
Capacity (Litres/Second at 100 psi)………………………………………20
8
About the X-ray
inspection range
Drop Flap Reject

This can be used where the product is presented in a raw unpackaged format across the conveyor
belt. Drop flap reject systems consist of up to 5 reject flaps across the width of the belt; so that in
bulkflow mode only the minimum product is rejected when necessary.
Signal Only
Alternatively, a conveyor unit can be supplied without a reject device, and with a ‘Signal Only’
output. On detection of a contaminant in the product, the control unit provides an output signal only.
This can be used for wiring into an off-board reject system or other equipment such as a PLC.
Electrical Services
Electrical services for the x-ray machine are inside the main x-ray cabinet with the mains cable entry
point in the bottom. Access is from the rear of the machine.
The isolator for isolating the electrical power to the machine is located at the lower right-hand side of
the x-ray cabinet, when viewed from the rear.
The conveyor motor contactor and inverter are located with other components on the electrical plate
accessible via the rear door.
Safety Devices
Emergency ‘Stop’ buttons and cover/panel interlocks are fitted. When operated these disable the
conveyor, terminate x-ray generation and exhaust air out of the reject device (where applicable).
Other Standard Equipment

Air Pressure Switch
An air pressure failure switch is fitted to the conveyor (optional on the XR) models. The switch is
factory set to operate if the compressed air supply pressure to the machine falls below
approximately 3 bar (42 psi). The conveyor then stops, x-rays switch off and the fault alarm and
lamp are activated.
Vortex Cooler
On the X4 a thermostat is fitted to guard against system overheat. If the internal temperature of the
cabinet rises above the set limit the thermostat switches a solenoid valve which in turn activates the
vortex cooler. This is factory set and should not be changed. When activated air flows through the
vortex cooler and is discharged into the main x-ray cabinet at a much-reduced temperature. The
vortex does not operate all the time, but only if necessary and operators should be made aware that
it may operate at anytime when the machine is running. It should be noted that the operation of the
vortex is inhibited when a reject occurs. This is to ensure that there is a full supply of air available to
the reject mechanism.
Indicator lamp Stack

In addition to the indication on the control panel a lamp stack is fitted on the top of the x-ray cabinet:
X-rays Off (green), Pre-Warn (amber) and X-rays on (red)
In some cases an additional lamp stack is fitted at the front of the cabinet. This is done to ensure all
round visibility of the indicators e.g. When a roof mounted air conditioning unit is fitted.
Audible Alarm
An audible alarm is fitted to the x-ray cabinet to alert the operator that a fault condition is active and
the conveyor has stopped.
X-Ray generator sensors

In addition to the cabinet cooling thermostat, two other sensors are fitted to the x-ray tank itself.
The first level gives a warning indication via the front user interface. The second level is failsafe and
will automatically stop the generation of x-rays to protect the tank/tube assembly.
9
About the X-ray
inspection range
Optional Equipment
Reject confirmation Photocell
This device is fitted across the aperture of a reject bin directly in the path of the rejected product. If
the rejected product does not break the photocell beam in a given time a fault condition is activated.
The conveyor will then stop and the operator will be alerted by means of an audible alarm and lamp.
The fault will be displayed on the front screen.
Bin full Photocell

This device is fitted near to the top of the reject bin. If the bin should fill up with rejected product
there is a danger that further rejected product could be deflected back on to the conveyor and into
the good product path. If a bin full photocell is fitted, the rising product will break the photocell
beam and will activate a fault condition. The conveyor will then stop and the operator will be alerted
by means of an audible alarm and lamp. The fault will be displayed on the front screen.
Cooling Methods
For environments where high ambient temperatures are expected a roof or door mounted air
conditioning unit may be fitted to the X4 instead of the vortex.
Roller Track Reject Receptacle

This option is fitted instead of the reject bin. Reject conformation and bin full PECs are available if
required.
10
About the X-ray
inspection range
Installation
This chapter describes how to

install the X-ray system range.
It first gives general information,
applicable to all versions, followed

by specific installation instructions
for each version.

12
Installation
LIFTING AND MOVING AN X-RAY MACHINE
When moving the Loma X-ray conveyor machine place the forks in the indicated
position. Care must be exercised when lifting and moving the machine making sure
that the control unit is not too close to the fork lift face. In addition care must be
taken to make sure that the machine cannot slip when the forklift is in motion.
General information
The following information applies to all versions of the X-ray system.
For a description of each version of the X-ray inspection system range see the chapter About the
X-ray inspection system range, page 1.
Warnings
The following safety warnings apply to the procedures for all versions:
1. LETHAL HAZARD – ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES

2. LETHAL HAZARD – COMPRESSED AIR SUPPLIES
3. WORKING ON EQUIPMENT
4. REJECT DEVICES
6. HEAVY EQUIPMENT
7. LIFTING EQUIPMENT
8. MOVING METAL DETECTORS
9. CONTAMINANTS
For details see Safety warnings, page iv.
The following emergency procedures apply to these procedures:
2. DEALING WITH FIRE.
For details see Emergency procedures, page vi.
Space Required for Installation and Maintenance

It is important that sufficient free space is left at the front and back of the x-ray machine to enable
commissioning and maintenance personnel to easily gain access to components. It is recommended
that a minimum of 1 metre free space is available at the front and rear of the machine.
Removal of Packing Materials

1. Remove and discard all packing and protective materials.
2. All Loma X-ray machines are delivered secured to a pallet by 12mm bolts, which are screwed
through the feet of the machine. Remove these bolts where fitted.
Removing the X-Ray Machine off the Pallet

Note: Refer to LIFTING AND MOVING AN X4 MACHINE in this section.
Using a Fork Lift Truck

1. Position the forks beneath the machine at the lifting points indicated so that it does not tilt
(Refer to LIFTING AND MOVING AN X-RAY MACHINE). Raise the lift sufficiently to lift the
machine clear of the pallet and any obstacles.
2. Carefully move the machine to the required location following the advice stated in LIFTING
AND MOVING AN X4 MACHINE.
3. Lower the forks and withdraw them from the machine.
14
Installation
Adjusting/Levelling the Machine
1. Level the machine by adjusting the foot studs. The stud flats are 17mm A/F. Make sure that all
feet are firmly on the ground, and are evenly supporting the machine so that it does not rock. If
necessary, anchor the machine to the ground using bolts screwed through the feet.
2. Due to the fact that each X-ray machine has an oil filled tank (in which the x-ray tube is
immersed) it is necessary to level the machine to ensure that 100% of the x-ray tube is
immersed. To this end use a spirit level across the top of the cabinet, in the direction of flow,
adjusting the feet until a level condition is achieved.
3. When the height and level is correct, lock the foot stud half-nuts. The lock nut hexagon is
30mm A/F. Failure to do so can have an adverse effect on the components of the Loma x-ray
system.
4. You are recommended to apply silicone sealant around the feet and floor.
Unlocking the X-Ray Tank Breather

Each Loma X-ray machine is delivered with the x-ray tank breather screw locked. This screw needs
to be unlocked before powering up the machine.
To do this, open the cabinet lid by removing & retaining the fastenings. The breather screw is
easily located on the top of the x-ray tank filler plug. Loosen the screw by two or three turns anti-
clockwise and refasten the lid.
Where a roof mounted air conditioner or heat exchanger cooling is specified, the breather should be
unlocked before fitting the cooler/lid assembly.
Fitting the Air Conditioner Option

It should be noted that in most cases conveyors fitted with roof mounted air conditioner cooling will
have the lid/cooler assembly supplied loose. The electrical connector must be made to the
underside of the cooler. It will require 2 persons to fit the lid/cooler assembly due to the weight. The
necessary fastenings are supplied.
The cooler parameters will have been factory pre-set.

19
15
Installation
`
Installation - Electrical
Connecting Electrical Supplies
The supply voltage for the system is indicated on the identification/rating plate that is mounted on
the frame. The maximum line current is also shown
1. Open the door on the rear of centre section cabinet to access the electrical services area.
2. The isolator switch is located at the bottom right hand of the cabinet when viewed from the
rear. Beneath it on the bottom of the cabinet is the cable gland access for the power cable.
3. The system-input power will depend on the country and system type that has been delivered.
For details refer to the rating plate mounted on the frame of the X-ray machine in conjunction
with the wiring diagrams delivered with the user manual.
4. Split the cable inside the box and cut the wires to suitable lengths. An armoured/braided cable
is recommended when cable conduit is not used. A suitable earth conductor is also to be
fitted.
5. Refer to Figure below for isolator switch wiring details. Make the connections to the isolator
switch as specified in Table 1.
Isolator Switch Terminals
European Colour North America Colour Terminal
LIVE Brown or black HOT Black 1/3/5
NEUTRAL Blue NEUTRAL White N
EARTH Green/Yellow GROUND Green E
SCREEN - SCREEN - E
Table 1 Electrical Supply Connections
6. Check that all connections are secure then close and lock the door.
16
Installation
Installation - Pneumatics
Connecting the Air Supply
All Loma x-ray systems require a clean dry compressed air supply, primarily to operate the optional
automatic reject system. In addition the standard conveyor model requires a further air supply to
feed the vortex cabinet cooler situated on the top of the central cabinet. In this situation when a
reject occurs, operation of the vortex is inhibited to allow maximum air to the reject mechanism. It
is therefore essential that the air supply is robust enough for correct operation of the machine when
either the reject or vortex operate.
In the case of a pusher reject, a dump valve and soft start are fitted in order to protect an operator in
case of an emergency, see diagram below. As soon as an emergency stop is activated the mains air
supply is shut off and all air is exhausted from the system.
In addition for failsafe reasons an air pressure switch is fitted in order to alert the operator that the air
supply is low and shut down the system generating a fault condition.
The mains air supply is to be connected as shown below to the input side of the air regulator and
should be set to 5.5 bar (80 psi).
Pneumatic assembly Loma X4

Components fitted will vary dependant on the application.
The assembly shown is for a conveyor machine with pusher reject.
17
Installation
Checking Guards
1. Check that all guards and interlocks are securely fastened in place.
2. Check that the infeed and outfeed of the system are clear of obstructions.
3. In normal operation it is recommended that the conveyor covers are locked in position.
Powering Up the System

Warning!: If the system has not been used for a period of a month or more then it is critical that
the x-ray set is re-seasoned. Failing to do so could cause the x-ray set to be stressed and this may
result in premature failure. This may invalidate your warranty. If in doubt, please contact Loma
Systems.
WARNINGS
1. LETHAL HAZARD – ELECTRICAL AND COMPRESSED AIR SUPPLIES. This equipment uses
electrical and compressed air supplies that can be lethal. Unless absolutely necessary, work
must not be carried out without first isolating the equipment from all electrical and compressed
air supplies.
2. LETHAL HAZARD – RADIATION. Whilst every precaution has been taken to make sure
that all the necessary guards and safety devices have been fitted to the Loma x-ray unit, it is
recommended that all operatives are trained in the use of x-ray food inspection machines. In
addition users must adhere to the necessary requirements required by their country, state or
province. Furthermore it is the responsibility of the employer to create a set of local rules (see
example in Cautionary Advice) regarding the safe use of x-ray food inspection systems. In the
U.K. this is in compliance with the Ionising Radiation’s Regulations 1999, users outside of the
U.K. should consult the relevant health and safety executive (see also Radiation Surveys).
3. WORKING ON EQUIPMENT. If it is essential to work on the equipment with electrical and/or

compressed air power connected, the work must be undertaken only by qualified and authorised
personnel who are fully aware of the danger involved and who have taken adequate safety
precautions to avoid contact with dangerous voltages, compressed air supplies or radiation.
4. Each x-ray system manufactured by Loma Systems is fitted with emergency ‘Stop’ buttons.
This is mounted on the front and rear of the control panel. The button is red in colour with a
yellow background. In the event of an emergency, which requires the machine to be
immediately stopped, press the stop button and both x-rays and the conveyor will be stopped.
In addition an alarm will sound.
5. Before powering up any X-ray machine for the first time, a suitably qualified person should be
present to carry out a critical examination (see Radiation Surveys). For advice please contact
your local Loma Service office.
6. Switch on the compressed air supply to the system and open air isolator switch.
7. At the left hand side of the X-ray cabinet, switch on the mains isolator. The system automatically
boots up in a failsafe fault condition with the alarm sounding.
8. At this stage contact an authorised key holder to insert the key into the x-ray key switch and
switch to the ‘On’ position. Refer to operators guide and setup section for further details.
18
Installation
Checking Belt Tracking

The belt must be checked for correct tracking before running the conveyors for any length of time.
The tracking adjusters are found adjacent to the end rollers of the X-ray conveyor machine.
If belt tracking needs to be reset, carry out the belt tracking procedure described in the section titled
Routine Maintenance (Weekly/Monthly) in the Maintenance section of this manual.
Setting Up Reject
WARNING
REJECT DEVICES. At no time, with air and/or electrical power applied to an automatic reject
device, should any part of the body be placed within the operating area of the reject device.
General
The system is normally supplied with the reject mechanism correctly set up for at least one product.
If the Reject Delay and Dwell times need to be adjusted for further products, these are set up via the
user interface. Refer to the sections titled Reject Setup in the operators guide.
Pusher and Plough Rejects

The system is supplied with the reject cylinders already set, and normally no further adjustment
should be necessary.
In certain instances Loma may supply a Reject Device only, and the end user supplies the Reject
Catchment Device, Bin / Table, etc. The safety of the Reject Device is therefore a function of the
design of the User’s Reject Catchment Device. It becomes the User’s responsibility to ensure the
safety of the complete Reject System.
In most instances the product is delivered onto the system by conveyors. The System has to have
entry and exit points. There is a possible hazardous area at the transfer between the conveyors.
Loma rely on the total line being made safe by the End User.
WARNING
The internal cabinet areas of the machine contain electrical devices that may be at 230V 1Ph
or 110V 1Ph potential depending on the supply voltage. These voltages may cause injury or
death on contact. Work in this area should only be carried out by a qualified Technician with
the Isolator switched off. (The Isolator is located on the right-hand side of the X-ray cabinet
when viewed from the rear).
Diagnostic work should not be undertaken unless the Technician has been Loma trained.
WARNING
Where there are signals with voltages generated from outside the x-ray system, these are not
isolated by the x-ray system isolator. Equipment generating these external signals should
also be isolated before working in the internal cabinet areas. Due care must also be taken by
service personnel when connecting these external signals to the appropriate terminals.
19
Installation
ATTENTION
IT IS IMPERATIVE THAT THIS MACHINE IS
CORRECTLY EARTHED.
THIS MACHINE SHOULD NOT BE SUPPLIED VIA
AN EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER (RCD)
PLEASE CHECK SUPPLY VOLTAGE BEFORE
SWITCHING ON.
Errors will affect Loma warranty
For X4 Conveyor machine

20
Installation
RADIATION SURVEYS
Introduction
As with all x-ray machines the Loma system produces ionising radiation when x-rays are being
generated. However, legislation governs the allowable emission levels and safe working practices
when using a x-ray machine. With this in mind the machine has been designed to provide adequate
shielding throughout the system, with safety interlocks preventing the guards or access panels from
being lifted or removed without x-ray generation being stopped. However, it is recommended, and
may be required by your country, state or province, to document a radiation survey of the machine
on the following occasions.
1) Daily.
2) After any maintenance has been performed.
3) After the machine has been moved for any reason (new location etc).
4) After any damage has occurred to the system.
5) As per the regulations of your country, state or province.
A documented survey program assures the system is performing correctly, has not been damaged
and provides regular data that the system meets all radiation guidelines.
Note: When your X-ray system is commissioned your Loma service engineer will carry out an
initial survey report and provide you with a copy. The UK regulations also require that radiological
information be provided. This information is given in the Cautionary advice section under Local
Rules.
Radiation Exam
To ensure that maintenance, modification, damage, or distortion of the cabinet, and cowlings etc. do
not result in any deterioration of the safety system it is important that regular checks are carried out.
Interlocks and Emergency Stop Switches

For conveyor models, covers that may need to be opened by operating staff in order to clear
obstructions etc. have interlock switches fitted to prevent x-rays being generated while the cover is
open.
The interlocks used are magnetic type safety switches, which via safety relays trip the high voltage
power supply to stop x-ray generation, and the conveyor drive. The switch is fixed to the frame of
the machine and a protective panel, when properly seated, closes the switch.
The emergency stop buttons latch in the activated position, and act in a similar manner to the
interlocks. The emergency stop button has to be manually reset or the interlocked cover re-instated,
and the on screen error message must be reset before the conveyor drive and x-ray inspection
system can be restarted.
Radiation Dose Rates

In most if not all countries where ionising radiation is used, there will be a maximum allowable
emitted dose rate per hour. In addition, the dose measurement must be recorded at a set distance
from the machine surface and around the machine at any aperture or discharge conveyor points.
In order to check that the emitted radiation level is within the guidelines a suitable radiation monitor
must be used which is regularly tested and calibrated at least once a year.
Please contact your Loma Customer Service office for details on obtaining the correct type of
radiation monitor.
21
Installation
Routine Operational Testing

After the x-ray inspection system has been installed the service engineer will carry out a full radiation
and safety survey of the x-ray system.
For assurance that the system remains safe both the emergency shut down system and
measurement of the surface dose rates need to be included in a regular test schedule.
The emergency stop provides the means for the operational staff to shut down the system rapidly.
Although the stop provided is of proven reliability, it is important that it is tested on a regular basis.
The test consists of actuating the stop while the x-ray generator is operating and noting that the
system immediately shuts down. It is also a requirement that when the stop has been manually
reset, the system does not automatically start up.
On the conveyor machine, the covers need to be opened to clear blockages, etc. on the conveyor
belt and it is important that the safety interlocks immediately shut down the system.
Opening each lid in turn and noting that the system immediately shuts down tests the interlocks. As
noted above the system needs to be re-started before x-rays can be generated again.
External Radiation
Changes in radiation dose rate, either at the surface of the machine or at the infeed and outfeed
ports, is most likely to be noted following any material alterations to the system such as a change in
the arrangement of the conveyor or lids etc. In addition, if the x-ray tubes operating voltage is raised
or lowered, this will affect the reading measured. It is therefore important that a full radiation survey
should be carried out following servicing or repair work to verify the integrity of the system.
If changes are observed it will most likely be at either the infeed or the outfeed ports because it is
here that product enters and leaves the inspection chamber allowing some x-rays to scatter along
the conveyor belt. In view of this the ports are the most important places for routine operational
monitoring, but all surfaces should be checked as well.
Frequency of Monitoring
As noted above the most sensitive area for changes in the dose rate are the ports and as a
consequence these should be monitored most frequently. To measure the dose rate at the two
ports will take only a few minutes and should be carried out either once per day or once per shift as
appropriate.
It is recommended that the dose rate at the ports be measured at the start of each shift or day so
that each operating team can feel confident that all is well when they start work. The results should
be noted in some form of record so that any longer term trends can be observed.
Where lead curtains are fitted, over time these will wear and potentially tear. Visual inspection of
these on a daily basis is recommended so that signs of wear are picked up before the curtains
become damaged and so prevent the potential of the external dose rate rising above an acceptable
level.
22
Installation
Summary of Test Procedures for Radiation Leakage

Daily or Shift Checks
1) Measure and record the radiation dose rate at the positions indicated on the Radiation Survey
Sheet using the radiation monitor. If it is greater than the maximum allowable shut down the
system and report it immediately to the supervisor.
2) Check the condition of the lead curtains ensuring no splits or broken segments.
Weekly Checks
1) Check the emergency stops. If any of them fail, report it immediately to the supervisor.
2) Check the conveyor lid(s). If opening the lid does not immediately shut down the system then
use the nearest emergency stop and report the failure to the supervisor.
Monthly Checks
1) Carry out a full radiation survey over the accessible surfaces of the machine using the radiation
monitor.
After a Major Service

1) Carry out a radiation survey over all accessible surfaces and at the openings of the infeed and
outfeed ports. Check the emergency stops and the interlocks are operational.
After a machine has been moved

1) Carry out a radiation survey over all accessible surfaces and at the openings of the infeed and
outfeed ports. Check the emergency stops and the interlocks are operational.
Note: When using the radiation monitor it must be moved slowly over the surface that you are
measuring. The suggested rate is less than 150 mm (6") per second, however users should refer to
the monitor instruction manual and specification.
It is strongly recommended that persons appointed to carry out radiation surveys have
received the necessary radiation awareness training qualification. In some countries this may
be mandatory and it is recommended that the user seeks advice from the local health and
safety executive.
23
Installation
24
Installation
Using the X-Ray System
This chapter provides general

information about using the
X-ray system, including a simple
discussion of the principles of

operation to explain how it works.
26
Using the X-ray
system
PRINCIPLES OF INSPECTION
X-Ray Generation
X-rays are one of many types of electromagnetic radiation that are produced for a particular use. At
some time or other most people will have received medical treatment or diagnosis, which will have
involved the use of x-rays. Used in the correct manner x-rays can be safely produced and have a
number of uses, one of which is for the inspection of food products.
Note: X-rays cannot make food products radioactive and as soon as the power source ceases x-ray
generation stops and no residual radiation is present.
The principle of x-ray generation is simple to understand and is shown in the diagram below. An
evacuated glass tube is used to house a cathode (-ve terminal) and an anode (+ve terminal) which
is itself then housed inside an oil filled tank which electrically insulates the tube from the case. In
addition the oil is circulated and cooled to dissipate the unwanted heat that is generated when
x-rays are produced.
A current is passed through the filament inside the tube. When a high voltage is then applied to the
tube electrons are attracted out of the filament and accelerated towards the target on the anode.
When the electrons hit the target x-rays are given off in the form of a conical shaped beam. In effect
the voltage controls the brightness and the current the contrast.
Detection of X-Rays
Once x-ray generation has taken place and we have the aforementioned conical shaped beam, the
next step in the process used on the machine is to include a device which will receive the x-ray
energy and process its signal values.
To do this we first position an assembly directly under the x-ray tank known as the collimator.
The collimator in effect allows only the small centre section of the x-ray beam to be emitted
approximately one millimeter in thickness. This section of the beam can be considered to be fan
shaped and positioned at ninety degrees to the product flow direction as shown in the diagram
below
Located on the under side of the centre section of the x-ray machine is the detector array which is
positioned directly in line with the x-ray beam. A line of photosensitive diodes receive the x-ray
energy of which the values are then processed in the form of grayscales - 0 (black) to 255 (white).
This scans at hundreds of scans per second to allow a direct relationship between scan rate and belt
speed/flow rate exists.
27
Using the X-ray
system
When product is not passing through the x-ray beam the detector array receives 100% of the x-ray
energy over the entire length of the array.
When product is introduced through the beam it causes less than 100% of x-ray energy to be
received by the detector. These signal values are processed and shown as a grayscale image.
Product Absorption
When we refer to the product absorption level we mean the amount of x-ray energy that the product
will consume (absorb) when x-rays are passed through it. The higher the density of the product
passing through the beam, the greater the product absorption factor.
At this stage it is worth noting that just because a product may measure to be higher than another
product it does not follow that the greater size is necessarily of a greater overall density. A good
example of this is to compare a quantity of water to a quantity of ice cream that measures the same
in size. This is shown in the diagram below.
28
Using the X-ray
system
Consequently 100 mm of water will absorb a much higher level of energy than an equivalent quantity
of ice cream. In turn the detector array would receive a lower quantity of x-ray energy through the
water compared to the ice cream. The consequence of this is one that generates a lighter grayscale
image in the case of the ice cream.
It is important to remember that not all products will have an even absorption level across its entire
volume. The ‘water’ ‘ice cream’ example shows the density differences assuming both products are
homogeneous.
In the case of a particulate product density values will vary throughout the entire volume of the
product. Therefore it follows that the level of x-rays reaching the array (detector) will also vary. This
will result in an image being shown on the screen of varying grayscale levels. An example is shown
below of the effect a particulate product will have in terms of absorption level.
When we talk about the absorption level it is useful to know that the density value is dependant on
the specific gravity of the product and that by multiplying the specific gravity value of the product by
the height, we can calculate the approximate absorption level.
29
Using the X-ray
system
Equating Absorption
Water has a SG (specific gravity) of 1. The relative absorption can be derived from multiplying the
product height by the SG.
In the example above the absorption factor is 75 x 1 = 75
By introducing a 1 mm steel contaminate of SG = 8, the absorption of the water has been reduced to
74 x 1 (1 mm displacement) but the overall absorption level has increased.
(74 x 1) + (1 x 8) = 82, a 9% increase
The system detects the density change. If the above example is changed to a 5 mm thick water
product then an even larger increase is observed.
5 x 1 = 5 now becomes (4 x 1) + (1 x 8) = 12, a 140% increase
The following diagram illustrates that a contaminants position in a product can impact on how easy
it is detected. Contaminate A will be easier to detect than B. This is because with B the x-ray beam
passes through more of the product and therefore has a higher absorbency level.
30
Using the X-ray
system
Imaging Software
On the processing unit mounted in each x-ray machine is loaded software dedicated to the image
acquisition, analysis and viewing on the monitor.
Parameter values are then setup to optimize the system performance and requirements suitable for
each application.
Contaminate Detection
A typical analysis is carried out by comparing each image pixel to a threshold value and rejecting
anything below this value i.e. it is denser and hence darker than the product itself. This relationship
to density means that if a contaminant is close to water (it floats) then it cannot be detected e.g.
insects, wood, hair or paper. This is because most food product is water based.
31
Using the X-ray
system
USER INTERFACE
Please familiarise yourself with the various controls detailed in this section, so that you may use the
Loma X4 to maximum advantage.
The Mains power isolator switch

The Mains Power isolator switch is fitted to the main cabinet at the rear of the machine.
The Loma X4 should normally be left switched ON at all times. This is to allow it to remain fully
‘warmed-up’ and achieve maximum detection stability. When not inspecting product, simply exit the
inspection procedure and leave the system idle.
If the machine is specified for a low ambient temperature site, it will be fitted with an internal
thermostatically controlled heater, which requires the electrical power to be ON at all times.
The only time power should be removed from the Loma X4 is when it is not to be used for
several days. In the unlikely event of needing to use the Mains Power isolator switch, please allow
10-20 seconds before switching back on.
Emergency Stop Buttons

The Loma X4, in all formats, will have an emergency stop button fitted on the main operator control
panel. There is an additional emergency stop button on the rear door of the Loma X4. Pressing an
emergency stop will cause the X-ray generator and if fitted, the conveyor, to stop immediately.
Use the emergency stop button in emergencies only!
Using an emergency stop as a means of stopping the system will cause a system fault to be
indicated (as you stopped the X-rays), false rejects to occur and puts unnecessary stress on the
X-ray set components and motor inverter. Use the emergency stop as a safety device ONLY.
Inspection may be stopped with a single ‘key’ press via the touchscreen control panel.
Conveyor Controls
The Stop and Start controls are accessible on the operator panel below the screen. The conveyor
has 3 pre-set speeds, selectable via product settings.
These speeds are programmed into the inverter situated on the electrical plate inside the rear door.
If any adjustment is needed, an engineer with the correct inverter keypad must carry this out. Any
adjustment will also require changes to the relevant screen settings.
The Main Control Panel

The majority of the Loma X4 controls are located on the main panel at the front of the machine.
There are two keyswitches on the Loma X4 system located on the main panel.
X-Ray keyswitch - behaves exactly as any other interlock. The key must be in place and turned to
‘X-Ray On’ when operating the machine in inspection mode.
This switch also has a ‘Cleandown’ position. When selected, this allows the conveyor to be started
with the front, infeed & outfeed covers open, with X-rays inhibited. The emergency stop buttons
work as normal in this mode.
Remove this key to prevent X-rays from being generated, the key can only be removed in the ‘Off’
position.
32
Using the X-ray
system
Set-up keyswitch -this is intended to be a Supervisor function, to protect the system against
tampering. This key must be in place and turned to ‘Enabled’ for parameters to be altered. The
system can still be run in every other way without this key. If ‘Reject Confirmation Test’ has been
specified, this is selected by this keyswitch
Fig 1.0 Front panel controls
Fig 1.1 Mimic screen

33
Using the X-ray
system
General Operating Instructions

Important note!
Settings may only be edited if the Set-up key is in position and turned to ‘Enabled’. This
serves to protect the Loma X4 from unauthorised tampering.
The user interface is a colour touchscreen with user-friendly active touch areas. By touching different
areas of the screen, it will jump to those areas of interest or bring up options for you. For example,
touching any of the product total boxes will jump straight to the ‘Statistics’ page. Touching the
Product name will jump to the ‘Product Settings’ page. Touching the product image area will bring
up image display options. See the user interface below:
Fig 2.0 Main screen

34
Using the X-ray
system
Image Styles
When the Loma X4 is running in inspection mode, the image style may be changed by pressing
anywhere on the image window. Pressing the image window will bring up an option box as shown
below:
Fig 2.1 Image Style window
There are several choices here:
• Fit to Window – this stretches the image vertically and horizontally to fit the available image
space.
• Full Screen – this utilises the whole screen to show the image.
• Zoom – this zooms the image to x 2. You may now scroll around the image by clicking at a
point of interest or zoom in up to a maximum of x 10. When exiting this mode, the screen
returns to Fit to Window.
• 3D – this shows the image in three dimensional mode with the ability to rotate the image and
see the range of densities as a three dimensional model. It allows for a more visual
understanding of how the density of the product varies and how a contaminant can be seen.
• Split Screen – this can be used when running the system with more than one lane of product
(multi-lane mode). It allows each lane to occupy it’s own image window. This option is not
selectable in single lane mode or in Mass/Bel flow.
• Effect – this allows for any of the above views to be shown in the following visual modes:
Normal / Colourise / Negative.
Simply make a selection for the style to be applied. Please note that these style options have no
effect on the detection of the system, it just changes the way the image is displayed.
35
Using the X-ray
system
Goto button
Pressing this button pops up a window of sub-menus, these are:
• Product Settings (all product specific settings).

• System Settings (language, software update, fault detection, image manager and other
advanced settings).
• Statistics (pack totals and rates, pack pitch monitor, reports, checkweigh, system events and
system log).
• Diagnostics (system information and troubleshooting for the detector and X-ray set).
Starting Inspection
If there are product menus already set up on the Loma X4, then starting inspection is a simple
procedure:
• Ensure the conveyor is running.

• Press Start and wait 10 seconds for the red lamp on top of the machine to illuminate. The
system is now inspecting.
• If there is a fault with the Loma X4, this is reported when pressing Start. An attempt is made to
clear the fault when Ok is pressed.
Important note!
Inspection will not be permitted unless at least one detection method is selected. This applies
to each lane (where multiple lanes are set).
Calibration
Under normal circumstances the Loma X4 will not need a calibration. However, if a new menu is
being run which has different power levels than the other menus or if the system determines that a
calibration is due, then an automatic calibration will be performed upon pressing the Start button.
If you wish to calibrate the detector, then do as follows:
• Ensure the conveyor is running.

• Press Start and then press Recalibrate within 3 seconds to calibrate.
Important note!
Ensure that the belt is clear of product before performing a calibration, otherwise the
calibration may fail or system performance will be adversely affected. If this happens, simply
clear the belt and calibrate again.
36
Using the X-ray
system
Setting up a new product
This chapter explains how to create
a new product code and calibrate
(the x-ray system for that product).
It also contains the Quick Setup
Guide. A tear-out laminated copy of
which can also be found at the back

of this user guide.
38
Setting up a new
product
Products button
Pressing the Products button will show the product menus. From this screen any of the following
may be done:
• Product menus may be recalled, created or deleted. Note that a ‘New’ product will have the
exact settings as the current active product. The current active product cannot be deleted.
• When X-ray inspection is off, Product menus may additionally be Exported or Imported. A USB
memory stick must be inserted for these operations. An exported menu contains the full set of
parameters. Products may be created on one machine, exported and then imported on another
machine, enabling the copying of products across systems.
• Reject images for the current product run may be viewed via the thumbnail viewer on the
right side of the screen and saved to memory stick. The image save option offers high or low
resolution depending on available space on the disk. See the section on saving images.
Changing Product
To change to a different product menu do as follows:
• Stop inspection and Press Products at the bottom of the screen.

• Select a Product menu from the list by pressing it.
• Press Recall.
• Press Yes to recall this menu.
• If necessary press Start to restart inspection.
Note: It is possible to change product remotely please contact Loma for assistance it you require
this feature.
Creating a New Product Menu

When creating a new product, a copy of the current active product will be created. All settings will
be copied across with the exception of the product name and Image optimisation. To create a new
menu from the main screen proceed as follows:
• Press Products at the bottom of the screen.

• Select a Product menu to copy from by pressing it.
• Press New.
• Press Yes to create the new menu.
• Enter the product name using the on screen keypad and press Ok.
Deleting a Product Menu

Any menu may be deleted with the exception of the current working menu.
The procedure is as follows:

• Select a Product menu to delete from the list by pressing it.
• Press Delete.
• Press Yes to confirm.
• Press Cancel to return to the main screen.
39
Setting up a new
product
Exporting a Product Menu

This allows a menu to be copied to a USB memory stick. The file created will be of type *.jpg and will
contain all the product set-up information. This tool may be used either to keep copies of products
for backup or for importing onto another machine. Only the current active product can be exported.
The procedure is as follows:

• Ensure the current active product is selected in the list.
• Press Export.
• Press Yes to confirm, ensuring there is a USB memory stick is available.
Importing a Product Menu

This allows a product menu to be copied from a USB memory stick (or the hard drive) back into the
menu list on the machine. This is only allowed when X-ray inspection is off.
The file copied will be of type *.jpg and will contain all the product set-up information. The procedure
is as follows:

• Press Import.
• Press Yes.
• Select a Product menu to import from the list by highlighting it and pressing OK. The new
product menu should now be shown in the menu list.
40
Setting up a new
product
Setting up a New Product Menu

If there are no products set up on the system then a new product will need to be set up manually. Do
as follows:

• Press New and a product name.
• Press Goto > Product Settings.
• Enter the Pack Length and scan a barcode if required.
• Press Set Defaults and then product parameters (if known) or use the Learn Product (see later).
• Pass a pack and adjust the Pack Length and Blanking to see the whole pack.
• Set up the detection options as required. Refer to the detection method section for details.
• Set up reject timing and other I/O options.
Image Viewer
Press Products at the bottom of the screen and then View Images. This displays the reject images
for the selected product. You may save or delete reject images. If the option to save Reject-Source
images has been selected, you will be able to re-analyse the source image for the currently selected
reject. To enable this option, do as follows:
• Press Goto > System Settings at the bottom of the screen.

• Press Advanced Settings and on the Images tab select Save Reject-Source.
• Start inspection and pass a reject pack through the system.
• Press Products > View Images and then select the button Analysis. This loads the source image
for the selected reject image.
• Review the inspection options for this reject-source image.
41
Setting up a new
product
PRODUCT SETTINGS
• General Settings
From the main screen these can be accessed by either pressing Goto then Product Settings or
simply pressing the name of the product in the top right. This screen looks as shown below:
Fig 3.0 General Settings screen
Name, Number and Barcode

From this screen, a Name and product Barcode (if required) may be entered for this menu. The
Number should ideally be unique for your products and is used in conjunction with the Remote
Product Change feature (see later).
Pack length and Pack Threshold

The Pack Length is the length of the image used for analysis. This should normally be set to the
actual length with a 10% margin to accommodate variations in pack length and orientation. For
example, if the actual pack length is 200 mm, then set the Pack Length to 220 mm. Pack Threshold
is the image value used to determine when a new pack enters the X-ray beam. This should usually
be set to 220 but can be reduced slightly if, for example, there is false triggering.
Set Defaults
Pressing this button will set all the parameters for the currently selected product back to the default
values.
42
Setting up a new
product
Displaying and printing reports
This chapter gives information
displaying the batch results, and
the contaminant, error, and fault

reports, using the options on the
Results menu.
It will also describe how to produce

printed reports, using the settings
on the Reports Option submenu of
the Setup menu.

44
Displaying and print-
ing reports
STATISTICS
The Statistics screens may be reached by clicking Goto, then Statistics or clicking the active area in
the bottom right of the main run screen. The Statistics screen is shown below:
Statistics
Current Totals
• Current Totals. Displays the total number of accept and reject packs for this product since the
last reset. The number of packs that were rejected for Contaminant and Product Integrity is also
shown. Note that when a pack fails one of the Contaminant tests, the Product Integrity tests are
NEVER performed. Therefore, these number should always add up to the total number of packs
rejected.
• Contaminants. Displays an analysis of all contaminant rejects for each inspection tool. Note that
these numbers will typically add to more then the total number of contaminated rejects since a
pack may fail more then one contaminant inspection tool.
• Product Integrity. Displays an analysis of all integrity rejects for each inspection tool. As noted
above, these numbers will typically add up to more then the total number Product Integrity
rejects.
• Save. Click this button to save the current statistics to the USB stick.
• Reset. Click this button to reset all statistics for this product.
Tests
• Tests Passed. The number of test packs passed in the current production run.
• Tests Failed. The number of test packs that have failed in the current production run.
• Time Since Last Test. Time elapsed since the last test was performed.
45
ing reports
Inspection
• Date Last Run. The last time and date that X-ray inspection was started.
• Last Inspection. Time the last pack was inspected.
• Process Time. The time taken to process the last image in milliseconds. It is important to keep
on eye on this value under the following circumstances: (a) the conveyor is running at high
speed; (b) there are many inspection tools enabled or (c) the difference between the reject
distance and Pack Length is small.
• Minimum. The minimum time taken to process product images.
• Maximum. The maximum time taken to process product images.
• Average. The average time taken to process product images.
• Timeout. If the time taken to process any product image exceeds 25% of this value, the
Process Time value will be coloured orange as a caution. When the time taken to process any
product image exceeds 50% of this value, the Process Time value will be coloured red as a
warning. When the processing time exceeds this value, a fault will occur since the system
cannot reject the product. If this happens you must perform one or more of the following
actions: (a) reduce the speed of the conveyor; (b) reduce the number of inspection tools that
are enabled or (c) reduce the Pack Length or increase the reject distance.
• Last Result. The result (pass or reject) of the last inspected pack.
• Product Rate. Current packs per minute.
• Reject Rate. Current rejects per minute. If this value exceeds the Excess Rejects setting
(Product Settings > I/O > Settings) then a fault will occur.
• Reject Ratio. The ratio of reject to total packs.
• Last Reject. The time of the last pack rejected by the machine.
Pack Pitch
This useful feature may be used to measure the distance between packs. Set Pack Pitch to the
expected average distance between packs. Set Zone Width to the required resolution for the
monitor. A histogram of actual pack pitches will then be built up on this screen. This is helpful in
diagnosing problems with pack presentation.
Under normal operation, this feature should be switched off.
Reports
This tab will only appear if either Shift or Batch reports is enabled. This screen shows the status of
the current Shift or Batch as well as the reports that have already been generated by the system.
These reports may then be manually sent to LomaEnet.
46
ing reports
Checkweigh
This tab will only be shown if the Checkweigh inspection tool is licensed and has been enabled. The
screen shown below is from the cheese application discussed in the Checkweigh section:
Checkweigh Statistics
The values on this screen are described below:
• Last Inspection. Displays the latest pack weight as well as the result (pass, reject) for this pack.
• Batch Average. The average of all packs passed through the machine for the current batch.
• Standard Deviation. The STD-DEV of pack weights for the current batch (of accept packs).
• Give-away. The weight of all product above the Nominal setting.
• Give-away Cost. If the Cost setting has been configured, the value of all give-away product will
be calculated and inserted into the batch report.
• Accepts. The total number of accepted packs in the current batch. The number in brackets is
the number that will trigger the end of the current batch and the start of the new batch.
• [Tu1-Tu2]. The number of packs lying between the Tu1 and Tu2 setpoints. Only applicable in
Average Weights mode.
• Rejects. The number of packs that have been rejected in the current batch. The reason for the
reject is given below this value.
• Weight Settings. The current Checkweigh settings.
• Show Trend. Click this button to show a Trend or Histogram graph for the current batch. An
example of this is shown below:
47
ing reports
Checkweigh Histogram
48
ing reports
– contaminant detection
This chapter explains how to

set up the parameters affecting the
operation of the machine
and learn new products.

50
Setting up the X-ray
system - contami-
nant detection
Learn Product
Selecting this option launches the Automatic Learn feature, which allows the system to automatically
select X-ray power levels, imaging parameters and basic detection algorithm settings from sample
packs passed through the system.
This feature prompts the operator to pass example good packs and the system steps through the
available X-ray power levels until the optimum is selected. Press Time if you require more time to
prepare sample packs.
Detection algorithms are then tuned to allow robust detection and to minimise false rejects.
Fig 5.1 Product Learn screen

51
Setting up the
X-ray system - con-
taminant detection
Advanced
By pressing on Advanced, a further option box is opened as shown on the next page:
Advanced Products Settings screen
Flow Mode
It is important to set the appropriate Flow Mode for the application at hand. The Flow Mode
describes the way in which the product passes through the system. Note that different modes will
restrict usage of certain Inspection Options. A description of these modes is given below:
• Bounded – used for discrete products passing through in an ordered fashion, for example
boxes of cakes passing through in a regular presentation. All Inspection options are allowed.
This is the default selection.
• Mass flow – used for product passing through in a non-orderly fashion, for example, lollypops
randomly passing along the belt or peanuts in a mass-flow application. Fill Level and
Checkweigh is not allowed and Object Checking is limited to the Loose Objects feature (see
later).
Inspection Options
Access to these options will vary with the selected Flow Mode. The methods are described below:
• Contaminants used for all contaminant detection options such as Basic 1 and Explorer 1. There
is the option to enable or disable each inspection option individually.
• Product Integrity / Object Checking - used to enable the ability to detect Objects within the
product such as individual pots of yoghurt in a tray of yoghurts.
• Product Integrity / Fill Level - used to enable the Fill method which can detect underfill or overfill
conditions. This option is not available in Mass flow mode.
• Product Integrity / Checkweigh – used to enable the advanced Checkweigh feature which is
able to give the weight of packs passing through the machine. Not available in Mass flow mode.
52
system - contami-
nant detection
Lane Settings
Normally the machine will be run in single lane mode, but change Lanes to enable multi-lane
operation. Additional electrical inputs / outputs are required for multi-lane operation.
Set-up Imaging Parameters

Set Blanking, Pack Length & Pack Threshold
The Loma X4 grabs an image of each pack as it passes through. These settings must be correct
in order for the system to grab a single image of a pack, one at a time. Adjust the Pack Length and
Blanking values to view the pack with a little white space around it. In the majority of cases, the
Blanking need not be used. Exceptions include:
• There are product guides in the machine which affect the contaminant inspection;
• The product is boxed and well presented. In this case the Blanking can be set to help remove
the box when there is little danger of problems with product orientation.
• The image contains far too much white space with a tiny product. In this case, it may also be
appropriate to reduce the Pack Length.
Blanking Set-up
For special applications, where a dense item or a centre guide rail needs blanking, then adjust
Centre Blanking to suit. Except in unusual circumstances (such as a well presented product in a box
it is not recommended to use blanking in the direction of flow.
Only packs which fall below the Pack Threshold will be captured. The default value of 220 will be
sufficient for most products. If the screen is constantly capturing a white image, then the Pack
Threshold may be set too high (or the conveyor belt may need to be cleaned). If the system is not
grabbing images of the pack, then the Pack Threshold may be set too low or the detector may need
to be re-calibrated.
Blanking is available on the Product Settings > Inspection > Image Processing tab.
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Setting up the
X-ray system - con-
taminant detection
Set Conveyor Speed and X-ray Power Levels

The Loma X4 has three pre-set conveyor speeds. Select the appropriate speed. On the Advanced
Conveyor Speed screen you may change the scan ratio between the detector and the conveyor belt.
There is normally no need to change this setting.
The histogram of an image is the sum of all pixels in the image. Set the appropriate X-ray power
levels for this product by aiming for the histogram minimum to be in the range 15-100. The minimum
is visible in the Profile image on the right. If the minimum is too low, X-ray power levels should be
raised and vice versa.
Scan Settings
Set Gamma & Range (%)

This option is available in the Product Settings > Inspection > Image processing > Image
Optimisation screen.
The Image Optimisation screen is designed to get the most out of the detector data. Gamma is
related to the way the detector data is transformed into the image data:
• Gamma equals 100. This is the default, a linear transformation from detector to image data
which means that both dark and light pixels receive the same priority.
• Gamma > 100 (termed “positive”). Darker pixels are given greater priority over lighter pixels.
This is a very powerful way of “zooming” into the darker part of the image without increasing
X-ray power levels. This is very useful with dense products such as a slab of meat.
• Gamma < 100 (termed “negative”). Lighter pixels are given greater priority over darker pixels.
While this option is not used very often, this can be very helpful with small products such as a
blister of pharmaceutical pills.
Range (%) also relates to the way the detector data is transformed into the image data. Unlike
Gamma which changes the priority of darker / lighter pixels, Range (%) actually removes lighter
pixels from the image to achieve greater sensitivity in the darker portion of the product.
54
system - contami-
nant detection
To set Gamma and Range (%) to the appropriate levels, simply pass a sample product through the
system and press the Auto Set button.
The Image Optimisation screen is shown below after Auto Set has been clicked:
Image Optimisation Set-up
Detection Methods (Goto, Product Settings, Inspection)

Once you have set up the options in the previous section, you are ready to set up the different
detection methods for the Loma X4. These methods are divided into two groups, namely
Contaminants and Product Integrity. Each method is shown below with a brief description.
Contaminants:
• Masking > Box Remover. Use for blanking the edges of a product in a box, (can or jar).
• Masking > Mask. Used to mask an area of the pack which needs to be ignored in order to help
detection.
• Contaminant Detection > Basic 1. Uses a fixed threshold or Auto to search for contaminants in
the product. Contaminant Detection > Basic 2 may be used to assist Basic1.
• Contaminant Detection > Explorer. Studies the texture of the product to look for contaminants.
The most powerful contaminant detection algorithm.
55
Setting up the
X-ray system - con-
taminant detection
Product Integrity:
• Object Checking > Object 1 to 4. Used to detect missing or broken / damaged items in
packaged product.
• Object Checking > Loose Objects 1-2. Similar to Object 1 to 4 except that this feature is able to
checkweigh individual items in Loose and Bounded mode.
• Fill. Used for measuring the amount of a product, for example, the fruit filling in a cereal.
• Checkweigh. Used to weigh product in Bounded mode.
The options on the Inspection > Image Processing screen have been dealt with earlier. The Image
Analysis screen is used for diagnostic purposes only and does not affect the way the system
inspects product.
The Loma X4 system is capable of simultaneously checking for any combination of the above
detection methods. Each method has a ‘Tick’ box to enable or disable it in the Inspection screen. If
the option is enabled, the box will be ticked and the shape below the option is coloured green. On
the main run screen, the Contaminants and Product Integrity boxes will be enabled if at least one
option of that class is enabled. Clicking either of these boxes jumps straight to the appropriate tab in
the Product Settings screens.
Inspection Options on the main run screen
Important note!
If the product fails one of the Contaminant inspection options, then the Product Integrity
options are NOT performed.
56
system - contami-
nant detection
Tools for setting-up Inspection Options

Before discussing the specifics of each inspection option, there are some helpful tools common to
most options shown in the image below (Basic 1 as an example):
Helpful tools for product set-up
• Result Box. Shows the processing time (time taken to analyse the displayed image using this
tool). Also shows some tool-specific statistics e.g. the number of contaminants found and the
inspection margin (Basic 1) or the number of objects identified (Object 1 to 4). The green / red
box shows whether the currently displayed image passes the inspection tool or not.
• Grab New. Use this to capture a new image for analysis.
• Live Test. Use this to observe live production. In most inspection set-up screens, touch the
screen to bring up the Live Test Results screen. This shows the margin for all production
passing through the system. In some set-up screens (e.g. Basic 1/2, Explorer 1/2 and Fill) this
screen has an Learn button to set up the inspection parameters from all good products. This is
an especially powerful way to set up these tools. An example of this is shown below:
57
Setting up the
X-ray system - con-
taminant detection
Live Test (Auto Set)
• Auto Set. Use this to automatically set the appropriate inspection parameters based on all
packs passed while Live Test is displayed.
• Histogram. Displays a detailed histogram of the currently displayed image. If Live Test has been
selected, this screen updates as product passes through the machine.
• Profile. Displays a detailed profile of the currently displayed image. Click Max to show the line
with the minimum density or maximum variation. If Live Test has been selected, this screen
updates as product passes through the machine.
• Advanced Settings. Displays the advanced settings applicable to the inspection tool (see later).
58
system - contami-
nant detection
Box Remover (removes product edges)

This tool can be used to intelligently blank out the edges of a product. It is more suited to this
purpose than the Mask tool or Blanking. If we look at the image shown below we see a box of sliced
bread with a small contaminant inside. There are false rejects by both the Basic 1 and Explorer tools
on the box edges:
Box Remover (disabled)
However, if we enable the Box Remover tool, we can solve this problem. The settings of this tool are
described below:
• Pack Threshold. Set to highlight the outer edges of the pack without highlighting any of the
white space around the pack. If this is set too low it will pick up internal edges within the pack
by mistake. Normally set in the range 220-240.
• Box Threshold. Set to ensure that the pack edge is covered. Normally set at 240.
• Box Width. Sets the thickness at the left and right edges. Normally set at 5.
• Box Length. Sets the thickness at the top and bottom edges. Normally set at 5.
• Erosion. Determines by how much the box is eroded. Normally set in the range 25-100.
Note: The above apply to the Product (Perimeter) mode which is the default. Other modes are Linear,
Can and Jar. Settings for these modes are intuitive.
Now with the Box Remover enabled, the box edges (shown in light blue) are ignored leaving the
contents of the pack to be inspected correctly:
59
Setting up the
X-ray system - con-
taminant detection
Box Remover (enabled)

60
system - contami-
nant detection
Masking (ignores dense parts of the product)

Masking is a blanking tool which may be used to aid the other detection methods. By applying a
mask, this is telling the system to ignore detection in the masked area. This procedure can be used
to remove heavy visible product edges or dense objects contained in the product. Two excellent
examples of this are the ‘scavenger’ that is placed in fresh meat packs, designed to absorb oxygen
within the pack to keep the contents fresh and the ‘give¬away’ inserted into bread at Christmas time
as a toy. Without Masking, contaminant detection would have to be reduced in sensitivity in order to
ignore these dense areas.
Another example is a container with a dense edge. If the edge is denser than the contents of the
container, then detection levels will be reduced to ignore the edge. With Masking, however, it can be
set to highlight and ignore the edge, leaving improved detection within the container. Note that the
Box Remover tool may be better suited to this task. See the image below for an example of bread
with a Christmas ‘give-away’ where the Mask has not yet been set up:
Mask (disabled) (give-away)
The above image shows the ‘give-away’ (a small pottery toy) as a contaminant in the bread. The toy
is clearly denser than the product. We can solve this problem by masking the toy. The settings of
this tool are described below:
• Lower and Upper Threshold. Adjust to highlight the part of the image to be masked in blue.
Note that other parts of the image may be coloured blue as well. We will remove these using
the Object Size classification later.
• Grow. This grows the Mask incrementally. This is usually set to 1.
• Inverted. This inverts the Mask. This is a very useful feature to inspect, for example, bread in a
bag with a clip (see the example below).
• Minimum and Maximum Count. Usually, there will be exactly one mask object in the product
e.g. in the bread shown above there must be exactly one toy. If there is no toy, the product
should be rejected. Set both Count parameters to 1. If the product may have any number
61
Setting up the
X-ray system - con-
taminant detection
between none and two mask objects, for example, then set Minimum to 0 and Maximum to 2.
• Object Size. These classify the size of the object that will be identified as the Mask object. Press
the blue toy on screen to show details from which you can easily Transfer the exact parameters
for the Mask.
• Settings. Shows the Object Size parameters as well as the Noise Area which can be used to
ignore small areas of the product e.g. noise. Normally set at 20.
Once you have selected the Threshold settings so that the Mask object is highlighted blue, press the
object to display the screen shown below:
Object Information
The above screen shows the details of the Mask object. Select the ‘tick’ box for the parameter you
wish to use to classify the object (Width, Length or Area or a combination of these). Now select the
appropriate variation (%) for the chosen parameter(s) and then click Transfer. The parameter(s),
with ± %, will be transferred automatically to the Object Size parameters. The software will also
determine how many objects meet these criteria and will set the Minimum / Maximum Count
automatically.
62
system - contami-
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The image below shows the same product with the Mask set up to ignore the toy:
Mask (enabled) (give-away)
Another application where Mask can prove useful is bread in a plastic bag with a metal clip which
closes the bag. Typically, the metal clip has two small metal bands, crimped and held together by a
plastic sheath. The clip will reduce the detection sensitivity that can be achieved on the bread unless
we use Mask. There are two methods to tackle this problem:
• Mask the clip as described above. This can be tricky since the clip will typically be quite small.
We must also consider pack rotation, clip orientation, etc. The usual way of achieving this is to
set the Mask as normal. In Advanced Settings set Minimum Count to 1 and Maximum Count
to 2. This should solve the situation where the metal bands sometimes overlap each other and
sometimes do not. If Width or Length have been selected then follow this example: If Width
ranges from 22-34 and Length ranges from 15-23, set the minimum for both to 15 (the smallest)
and the maximum for both to 34 (the largest).
• A more powerful method is to set Threshold to fully Mask the bread itself and to use Transfer
in the usual way. Now select the Inverted parameter. This will now Mask everything except
the bread. The Grow parameter should usually be set slightly higher (2 or 3) when using this
method.
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Setting up the
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The image below shows the second method applied to a cream cake in a bag with a metal clip. The
masked portion of the image has been coloured light blue:
Mask Inverted (clips)
If it is important to check for the presence of the clip itself, we could use the Object 1 to 4 features
(see later):
Basic 1,2 (basic contaminant detection)

For most contaminant applications you should always enable Basic 1. For products with a high
degree of variability, the Explorer tool should be enabled as well (see later). For applications involving
a masked object within the product (such as the bread with a Christmas ‘give-away’ described
earlier), use Basic 2 with Mask disabled.
Mode = Basic
This uses a single fixed threshold applied to the entire product. This does not adjust the threshold to
account for production variation or for changes in density within the product itself. Use the Auto Set
button to set the correct Threshold value.
Mode = Auto
This method is more advanced then the Basic method. The histogram median of the image is
calculated and a negative offset is then applied from this average value. This technique achieves a
moving threshold that is calculated on a pack by pack basis. This is best suited to products that do
not have different areas of density but the height may vary between packs. Use the Auto Set button
to set the correct Threshold value.
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system - contami-
nant detection
Threshold
The inspection threshold applied to the Mode detection technique. Note that this value is negative
for the Auto mode.
Advanced Settings
Contaminant Advanced Settings
This screen shows further options and classifiers for more specific targeting of the contaminant. The
settings are described below:
• Threshold Settings, Offset. Used with Auto Set to automatically give a difference between the
most dense part of the product and the contaminant reject point. This is usually set to 15 but
may be reduced if the production variability is low.
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Setting up the
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Explorer 1, 2 (advanced contaminant detection)

The Explorer detection tool is patented imaging technology and provides the most advanced
contaminant detection on the Loma X4. This inspection tool uses the concept of a Filter to scan
through the image calculating the average texture of the product. Up to six independent filters may
operate simultaneously. The settings of this tool are described below:
• Upper Threshold. Parts of the image that fall above this value are ignored. This value is usually
set to 220.
• Slope Change. This sets the density changes within the product that will be considered normal.
The larger the value, the lower the sensitivity. This is not usually set manually but using the
Leam button.
• Filter. The currently enabled Filters. This field is read-only. To enable or disable any specific
Filter, go to Advanced Settings.
The most powerful method to set the Explorer values is to click Live Test. Now touch the screen.
This will display the Live Test Results screen. Pass 10+ good products through the machine to get a
good distribution. Now press Auto Set. This is shown below:
Explorer set-up using Live Test

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system - contami-
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Advanced Explorer Settings
The Advanced Explorer Settings are described below:
• Filter 1 to 32. Select the appropriate ‘Tick’ box for the Filter you need to use. For most
applications, it is sufficient to use Filter 2 and Filter 4. If the product is very homogenous,
such as cheese, it may be beneficial to enable Filter 1. If the product is highly variable and the
contaminant of interest is large and low density, it may be useful to enable Filter 8 / 16.
• Slope Change. These are the actual values for each Filter. These values should not be modified
except by advanced users. These values should be set on the main Explorer screen using the
Leam button.
• Offset. Used for Auto Set purposes to define the difference between the most textured part of
the product and the contaminant reject point. This value is usually set to 10 but can be lowered
if the product to product variation is very small. Raise this value if the product to product
variation is very high.
• Average. When calculating the Slope Change, the algorithm will usually look in all directions
(Average). By turning this off forces the algorithm to look in only one direction while scanning
through the product. Except in exceptional circumstances, the Average option should be used.
• Reduce False Rejects. Reduces false rejects by requiring more than one filter to fail before the
pack is rejected.
• Tracking. Monitors product variation and adjusts settings automatically to compensate.
If you wish to disable the Box Remover or Mask features this can be done on the Edge Width tab.
Other settings on the Edge Width Tab are intuitive.
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taminant detection
The Explorer 1,2 algorithm is the most powerful contaminant detection technique available and
should always be used except in unusual circumstances. In the following image, Box Remover has
been used to remove the edges of a box of cereal. Explorer has detected a contaminant within the
cereal itself and also loose in the box. Basic 1 has not detected the contaminants:
Explorer (box of cereal)

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system - contami-
nant detection
– Product integrity

operation of the machine
and learn new products.

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Object 1 to 4 (basic product integrity check)

Please note that all the Object tools are identical in their operation but are distinguished by using a
different colour. The number required will depend on the nature of the inspection being performed.
Object is the first of the Product Integrity tools. They are used to find discrete objects within
an image and to verify them (check for damaged items) or to count them (check for missing or
extra items). For example, it can be used to count that there are exactly six apple pies in a box.
Alternatively, it can be used to confirm that all objects identified in the image conform to certain
characteristics e.g. Length or Area.
In the Advanced Settings screen, it is possible to rename the tool to something more meaningful. For
example, you may choose to use two Object tools and to rename ‘Object 1’ as ‘Meat’ and ‘Object 2’
as ‘Cheese’. This helps identify the reason for rejects.
In common with most of the inspection tools discussed so far, the Object tools use a threshold to
isolate areas of interest. Pixels thus isolated are visually coloured and areas of connected pixels will
be identified as a single object. These objects are then counted, classified or verified.
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The Object tools operate in one of two mode: Count or Verify.
Count Mode (basic object counting mode)

This mode will isolate objects based on the Threshold settings. Objects will then be classified
according to the characteristics set up in the Advanced Settings page (Width, Length, etc). Objects
that pass the classification will be counted and those that fail the classification are ignored. A reject
will occur if the number of objects that pass the classification (i.e. are not ignored) is outside the
range specified by the Minimum / Maximum Count.
In the following example, Object 1 has been named ‘Butter’ and set up to count the blobs of garlic
butter in a baguette. In this example, there are two baguettes, each having seven blobs. Therefore,
Minimum and Maximum Count have been set to 14 for an acceptable product. This is shown below:
Object set-up (blobs of butter)
In the next example, a tray of 12 yoghurts will be inspected. The most efficient way to set up the
object identification is as follows:
• Press Live Test or Grab New to acquire an image of a good pack.

• Set the Threshold Settings to identify the yoghurts.
• Choose an object that is representative and click the object. This shows the Object Information
screen.
• In the bottom of the screen, it can be seen that no Object Size classifiers have been set. If these
have been set, press Cancel, enter Advanced Settings and press the Reset button.
• Select the parameters of interest (Area and Volume in this case).
• Select the required ± %. The default values are usually good starting points.
• Click Transfer. The software will automatically count the objects that pass the new classification
and set the Minimum / Maximum Count. The Object Size classifiers in Advanced Settings will
also be set automatically.
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This is shown below:
Transfer (object set-up)
If the number of objects identified does not match the Minimum / Maximum Count, objects failing
the classification will be coloured red. In the Results section (bottom left), the reason the object failed
the classification is also shown in red. If you click on the rejected (red) object, the Object Information
screen will be shown and the parameters that pass the classification will be coloured green, while
those that fail will be highlighted red. In the image shown below, one of the yoghurts has not been
filled properly and has failed the Volume classification (as can be seen in the Results section):
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Setting up the
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Object fails classification (underfill)
Verify Mode (object verification)

Please note that Verify Mode is used purely to check that all objects pass the Object Size,
Characteristic and other advanced settings. There can be any number of objects found, but a reject
will occur if there are any objects that fail the classification. With the exception of objects that
have an area smaller then the Noise Area setting, all objects are tested and none can be ignored.
Therefore this mode should not be used to count objects. If it is important to count the specific
number of objects in the product, do not use Verify Mode. Use Count Mode instead.
This mode is selected by choosing Verify Mode from the Advanced Settings screen. Set up the
classification as described in the previous section. It is important to set the Noise Area parameter
in order to remove tiny objects (usually noise in the image) that may be accepted as contaminants.
Objects that have an area below this setting do not cause rejects and take no further part in the
Object process. The image below shows an example of Verify Mode in action on some lollipops.
A coloured rectangle is drawn around each object that has been identified. All objects that have
been successfully identified are marked with a green cross. One of the lollipops has failed the
classification tests for some reason and is identified with a red cross: (image appears to be in count
mode)
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system - Product
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Object Verify Mode
The Object settings are described below:
• Lower Threshold. Parts of the image that fall below this value are ignored. Normally set at 0.
• Upper Threshold. Parts of the image that fall above this value are ignored. Normally set at 220.
• Offset. Makes the Thresholds relative to the image median compensating for product variation.
Normally off.
• Minimum Count. If the number of objects identified falls below this number, the product will be
rejected. Only applicable in Count Mode.
• Maximum Count. If the number of objects identified is greater than this number, the product will
be rejected. Only applicable in Count Mode.
• Embed. Normally OFF. An advanced feature (see later) which embeds the reason for a product
failing (e.g. ‘Volume (Low)’ in the example above) into the reject image. Only applicable in Count
Mode.
Advanced Object Settings are described below:
• Name. This defaults to ‘Object X’ (X = 1 to 4). Change this to help identify the object being
inspected.
• Object Process. The processing mode. Normally set at Count Mode.
• Minimum / Maximum Count. Described above.
• Embed failed object parameter. Described above. This helpful feature quickly identifies the
reason a product was rejected when reviewing reject images.
• Minimum / Maximum Size. Sets the range for Width, Length, etc used to classify objects. These
settings should normally be set up by using the Transfer process described earlier.
• Minimum / Maximum Holes. Set these parameters to reject objects with greater or fewer than
the specified number of Holes. Note that it is not possible to reject objects with exactly 1 hole
(by setting Minimum and Maximum to 0).
• Noise Area. Use this setting to remove small areas of the image that may be identified as
objects. Normally set at 20.
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Setting up the
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The Live Test feature offers a powerful way to review object settings in live production. Click the
button and press the screen. The Live Test Results screen is displayed. The current Object Size
classifiers are visible in the bottom left of the screen. Use Display All to show results for all failed
objects. Use Only Marginal Reject to identify the failed object that is closest to passing the classifiers
(in percentage terms) and to display the results for this object only.
Now pass product through the machine to watch the results. Object Size parameters are updated
automatically and parameters for objects that fail the classifiers will be coloured red. In the example
shown below, the last product passed had an object that was identified with a Width which fails the
classifier test for that parameter and is therefore coloured red. The other parameters (Width, Area,
Volume and Perimeter) pass the classifier test for that parameter and are therefore coloured green.
In total, ten objects have been identified. Of those objects, five have failed the classifier tests for
some reason:
Object Live Test Results
Note that the Object tools are not available in (Mass) flow mode.
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Loose Objects (advanced product integrity check)

Loose Objects is the second of the Product Integrity tools. It is an advanced method operating in a
similar manner to the Object tools described earlier (in Verify Mode), but with the following important
distinctions:
• This tool does not count objects. This is like the Verify Mode of the Object tool.
• This tool operates in both Bounded and (Mass) flow modes.
• Objects are identified across up to two product images. This means that if an image is captured
and an object is touching the bottom part of the image, object classification must be deferred
until the next image. This important concept will be discussed more fully below.
• Objects can be individually weighed using the advanced Loma X4 Checkweigh algorithms.
This is discussed more fully below.
Object identification across two images

The example below shows a sequence of two images in a bread application. Two loaves of bread
have been passed through the machine simultaneously. The length of the image is defined by
the Pack Length parameter. When the first image has been captured, a new image capture is
immediately triggered (see the discussion on the Pack Threshold parameter) due to the fact that the
second loaf is still in the X-ray beam. The consequence of this is that the first image has one loaf
fully visible but the second loaf has been cut in half and is touching the bottom of the image. The
second image then shows the top half of the second loaf touching the top of the image. In the first
image, the first loaf has been fully identified since it does not touch the bottom of the image. The
identification of the second loaf must be deferred, and is fully identified in the second image.
This is shown in the image below:
Two loaves of bread (Loose Objects)

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Setting up the
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As discussed earlier, it is now possible to click on the object of interest (including the chopped-in-
half loaf from the second image) to display the Object Information screen. The Object Size classifiers
may now be set up by using the Transfer button.
Checkweigh individual objects

Important note!
Checkweigh is a licenced Loma X4 application, which will be inhibited if not purchased.
The Loma X4 uses advanced algorithms to calculate the pack weight based on the information in
the image. This feature is enabled in Advanced Settings, on the Checkweigh tab. The Checkweigh
settings are described below:
• Enable. Select this to enable the Checkweigh feature. Objects will be weighed if they have been
identified according to the Object Size classifiers.
• Packs. The minimum number of packs that will be used to perform the calibration. Generally,
the calibration will be improved when more packs are used. Note that for objects in a multi-
pack (such as each pot of yoghurt in a tray of yoghurts) the software will identify each yoghurt
as a single ‘pack’ towards this total.
• Lock Calibration. This feature can be enabled once calibration has been completed. When
selected, calibration points may neither be added or removed. Only a Refresh calibration may
be performed (see later).
• Cal Points. Shows the currently defined calibration points.
• Reset. Use this to remove all calibration points.
• Nominal. The target or average object weight.
• High. Objects weighing more than this value will be rejected unless the Reject High option has
been switched off.
• Reject High. Use this feature to reject objects that weigh more then the High value. If it is
not important to reject objects with a high weight, then this feature should be switched off.
Normally switched on.
• Low. Objects weighing less than this value will be rejected.
• Tare. The weight of packaging for each object which is subtracted from each object before
showing the final weight of the object. Normally set to 0.
When Checkweigh has been enabled, some new Weight Calibration settings are enabled on the
main set-up screen. These new settings are described below:
• Cal Points. The number of calibration points that have been defined. It is recommended that
between three and five calibration points are used.
• Current Pack. The actual weight of the pack to be used in the next calibration. This will be
discussed more fully below.
• + Cal Point. Add a new calibration point.
• Refresh. When the initial calibration has been performed, Lock Calibration should be switched
on. With a Refresh calibration, the actual object weight is compared to the calculated weight.
If there is a difference between these values, an offset is applied to the calibration to ensure
that the weight is as accurate as possible. It is recommended to perform a Refresh calibration
at the start of each new batch of product to account for variations in product density, system
temperature and other production variables.
• Reset. Removes all calibration points.
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Once the Checkweigh feature has been set up, calibration is performed as follows:
• Choose a product that will be used in calibration and find the weight of the product using, for
example, an electronic scale. It is important that this product is typical of normal production.
• Enter the actual pack weight (determined above) in the Current Pack field. This should include
any weight for packaging (the Tare).
• Press + Cal Point to begin calibration. This displays the calibration screen shown below.
Results for all identified objects may be viewed on the ‘Objects’ tab:
Checkweigh Calibration (Loose Objects)
• Pass the same pack through the machine until the image shows a checkered flag. It is
important to present the pack in the same way as normal production. For example, if product
presentation is not good (there is variation in location on the belt and skew), it is recommended
to pass the packs once down the left of the belt, once down the right, once rotated 90º in the
middle of the belt, and the remaining packs down the middle of the belt. The calibration will be
best when product presentation is very good.
• Review the Standard Deviation and other results. If they are not satisfactory, press Reset to
start over or press Cancel to exit. If they are satisfactory, press Ok.
• Repeat with a new pack and a new pack weight. It is recommended to use between three and
five calibration weights.
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Setting up the
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• Each new calibration weight must be different to all calibration weights used before. In addition,
it is recommended to spread the weights to represent the expected variation in normal
production. For example, if Nominal is set at 500.0g, High at 530.0g and Low at 470.0g, choose
packs near to each of these weights. Do not calibrate at weights that are very close to each
other.
• When complete, exit the Loose Objects set-up screen to return to the main run screen. Pass
packs and verify that the calibration is good. If the calibration is not good, Reset the calibration
and repeat. If the calibration is good, return to the Loose Objects set-up screen and enable the
Lock Calibration feature.
• It is recommended to perform a Refresh calibration at the start of each new batch of product.
In the following example several loaves of bread have been passed through the machine at the same
time. One of the loaves was chopped-in-half in the previous image, but was successfully identified
and weighed in this image. Another three loaves have been weighed in this image, but one of the
loaves must be rejected because it is underweight:
Object Checkweigh (Loose Objects)
Loose Objects can be used in Bounded or (Loose) flow modes. Images are constantly captured in
(Loose) flow mode which may make it difficult to set up. It is may prove easier to set this tool up in
Bounded flow mode before switching to Loose.
Important note!
If the X-ray power levels, Conveyor Speed or Scan Ratio change, the Checkweigh calibration
will need to be redone.
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Fill (basic fill level checking)

The Fill tool can be used to quickly measure the fill level of a varying product. Two good examples
where this might be used are in measuring the fill level of a pot of yoghurt or measuring the amount
of fruit in a box of cereal. The settings for the Fill tool are described below:
• Upper Threshold. Parts of the image that fall above this value are ignored. Adjust to highlight
the parts of the image which are of interest. Normally set at 220.
• Offset. Use this feature to apply an offset from the average density in the pack. This allows for
some variation in dispersion between packs. Normally switched off.
• Fill Level Mode. The fill level of the pack may be determined by Area or Volume. Normally set at
Volume.
• Minimum Fill (%). The fill level must be greater than this value.
• Maximum Fill (%). The fill level must be smaller than this value.
• Fill Level. The level used to classify the pack as a Pass / Reject. This may be set using the Auto
Set button.
• Histogram. Displays a detailed graph of the image for information purposes only.
The Minimum / Maximum Fill (%) values may be set manually, for example 25% either side of 100%.
However, a more useful method of setting these is to press Live Test and then to touch the screen
or press Lean to display the Live Test Results screen. Pass several good packs through the machine
and press Auto Set. This sets Minimum / Maximum Fill (%) automatically. Now pass a faulty pack
to ensure that the Results box is red. (This is shown below). Note the current classifier (Volume) is
displayed in the bottom left:
Live Test (Fill)

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The following image shows Fill set up for a pack of 16 mini-muffins. In this example, there are only
15 mini-muffins in the pack and Fill has detected this and rejected the pack:
Mini-Muffins (underfill)
Note that the Fill tool is not available in Loose flow mode.
Checkweigh (advanced fill level checking)

There are a number of advantages to using the Checkweigh tool over of the simpler Fill tool
described above:
• Checkweigh uses advanced algorithms to prepare a calibration curve which is more robust to
small changes in the quantity and density of the product. This results in a more accurate and
robust measurement of the amount of product (i.e. weight).
• A number of advanced statistics become available that allow the tracking of the amount of
give-away, production trends and so on.
• Batch reports can be produced to LomaEnet.
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Checkweigh Advanced Settings
Basic Checkweigh settings have already been discussed in the section on Loose Objects. There are
some new settings which are described below:
• Average. This refers to Average Weights legislation which is the mandated weighing legislation
for some applications. This legislative mode is used in Europe, Canada and Australia, amongst
other territories. There are strict limits to the settings for High, Tu1 and Tu2. In addition, the
average weight of product in every batch must be greater than the Nominal value. The table
used for this mode is shown below.
• Minimum Weight. This is a simpler weighing mode in which Tu1 / Tu2 are replaced by the Low
field. This legislative mode is used in the United States and wherever Average Weights is not
required. There is also greater freedom in setting the High and Low values. Unless Average
Weights must be used, it is recommended to use only the Minimum Weight mode.
• Tu1. The first mandated underweight value from Average Weight legislation. This may be
increased (made closer to Nominal) but may not be reduced. Replaced by Low in Average
Weight mode.
• Tu2. The second mandated underweight value. This may be increased (made closer to Tu1)
but may not be reduced. Under Average Weight legislation, either 1 in 12 packs (Australia),
1 in 40 (Europe except France) or 1 in 50 (France) are allowed to be between Tu1 and Tu2 in
every batch of product. Product which has a weight lower than the Tu2 value must be rejected.
Replaced by Low in Average Weight mode
• Target. The target for the average weight for product in the current batch. Usually slightly larger
than the Nominal value. This is designed to ensure that under Average Weights legislation the
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Setting up the
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average weight of the batch is greater than the Nominal value.
• Cost. This is the cost of raw materials used in production. By setting this value, it is possible to
track the value of all product that is ‘given away’ i.e. product weight that is above the Nominal
value.
Please refer to the section on Loose Objects for a description of settings that have not been
mentioned here. The discussion on calibration from that section is identical.
Average Weights
Note: The table below defines the Limit of Error (LOE) defined under Average Weight Legislation.
1xLOE defines the Tu1 weight; 2xLOE defines the Tu2 weight.
Stated Weight (g) Limit of Error (% of weight) Limit of Error (g)

0-50 9.0 -
50-100 - 4.5
100-200 4.5 -
200-300 - 9.0
300-500 3.0
500-1,000 - 15.0
1,000-10,000 1.5
10,000-15,000 - 150.0
15,000+ 1.0
There are some important differences with Loose Objects which are discussed below:
• The Checkweigh tool weighs product in the entire image and does not calculate a weight for
each object identified.
• Checkweigh works in Bounded flow mode only.
• Product must be weighed in each image and cannot be weighed across two images as is
possible with the Loose Objects tool.
• With Checkweigh enabled, Batch Reports (see later) are produced. One consequence of this
is that Advanced Settings discussed above cannot be modified while the X-ray is inspecting
product. This is done to ensure the integrity of the Batch Report settings.
• A number of new statistics are available (see later).
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The image below shows a cheese application. In the bottom right, some new fields are visible which
are specific to the Checkweigh tool. These show the current average of all production as well as the
weight of the current pack:
Cheese (Checkweigh)
Under the Statistics screen (discussed later) there are a number of new screens dedicated to
Checkweigh. Please see the Statistics section for detail on these statistics.
Important note!
If the X-ray power levels, Conveyor Speed or Scan Ratio change, the Checkweigh calibration
will need to be redone.
While the Checkweigh algorithms ensure a high level of accuracy, the physics of X-ray
attenuation in food is complex. Therefore not all products are suitable for weighing using an
X-ray and must be individually evaluated. In most cases a traditional Checkweigher will out-
perform an X-ray (though this machine type will obviously not be able to deliver the benefits of
an X-ray such as Contaminant and Product Integrity detection). The type of products that will
perform best using an X-ray are homogenous and well-presented, such as cheese.
- reject Timing
operation of the reject device.

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I/O > Events (reject configuration)

The reject output configuration of the Loma X4 is not fixed and can be changed to almost
any configuration. This allows flexibility in what each output does.
Fig 7-1 I/O Events
The example above shows contaminated packs directed to Output 1. All Product Integrity rejects
are directed to Output 2. This ensures that contaminated product is kept separate from product
which is not contaminated (and which may therefore be reprocessed). For systems which only have
one reject-per-lane, all product must be rejected to Output 1. If the system is set up for multi-lane
operation, then the Lane selection will be shown at the bottom of the screen and each lane will have
an output.
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Setting up the X-
ray system - reject
Timing
I/O > Timing and Settings (reject configuration)

Once the outputs have been selected, reject Timing needs to be configured. The Timing screen is
shown below:
I/O Timing
In the example above, Output 1 has been configured to trigger earlier than Output 2. This is common
for a system with two rejects-per-lane where the second reject bin is further downstream than the
first. Timing settings are described below:
• Reject Confirm. Use this feature to confirm that rejected product has entered the reject bin. If
the product is not detected entering the bin, a fault will occur and inspection will be stopped. If
this option is not required it should be switched off.
• Bin Full. Use this feature to set the machine into fault when the reject bin is full. If this occurs,
reject product cannot enter the reject bin. If this option is not required, it should be switched
off.
• Reject Confirm Time. When the reject is triggered, the product must be detected entering the
reject bin within the allotted time or a fault will be set.
• Bin Full Time. Time required for the Bin Full sensor to be active before a fault occurs.
• Line Block. This is a sensor fitted to the out-feed of machine. Not all systems are fitted with this
device. Use this feature to detect when product is backing up at the exit of the conveyor (such
as a line blockage).
• Line Block Time. Time required for the Line Block sensor to be active (if fitted) before a fault
occurs. In the example above, this feature is switched off.
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On the I/O > Settings screen there are some additional settings for reject configuration which are
described below:
• Excess Rejects. The maximum number of rejects that can occur within a minute before a fault
occurs. This feature is disabled when the value is 0.
• Consecutive Rejects. If this number of packs are rejected consecutively, a fault will be
triggered. This feature is disabled when the value is 0. It is recommended to use this feature to
help alert production to a potential quality issue.
I/O > Reports (reject configuration)

Shift and Batch reports may be configured. These reports will be automatically sent to the LomaEnet
settings configured in the Advanced System Settings pages (see later).
IO Reports
The Reports settings are described below:
• Shift Reports / Enable. Select this to enable Shift reports.

• Shift Reports / Pack Count. Set the number of packs which will trigger the end of the current Shift
report and the start of a new Shift report. Note that all packs are counted towards this total, both
accepted and rejected packs.
• Batch Reports / Enable. This feature is currently only enabled when the Checkweigh tool is also
enabled. This may change in a future release of the software.
• Batch Reports / Batch Size. Set the number of packs which will trigger the end of the current
Batch report and the start of a new Batch report. Note that only accepted packs count towards
this total. Rejected packs are not counted towards this total.
• Batch Reports / Trend Average. This is used to calculate the Trend graph on the ‘Checkweigh’
tab in Statistics. Use a large value to track production variations more slowly. This will be more
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Setting up the X-
ray system - reject
Timing
stable to the occasional pack that has a very low or a very high pack weight. Use a small value to
track production variations more quickly. This will give a faster feedback on the production trend,
but will also be less stable to packs with low or high weight.
The Advanced Batch Reports settings are described below:
• Weight Feedback. With this feature enabled, the trend average weight (defined by the Trend
Average setting) will be downloaded to the PLC. If the trend average is less than 800.0g, then
the format will show the decimal number. For example, if the trend average is 254.7g, ‘2547’
will be written to the PLC. If the trend average is greater then 800.0g, then the format will not
show a decimal number. For example, if the trend average is 1023.6g, ‘1024’ will be written to
the PLC. See the table below for details on the specific data memory addresses used.
• Trace Codes. Use this feature to enter a traceability code for the current Batch.
• Auto Increment. With this feature selected, the traceability code will be automatically
incremented when a new Batch is started. This means that production will not have to stop as
the new code is entered.
Weight Feedback
Lane PLC Data Memory Format < 800.0g Format >= 800.0g
All DM0040 234.5g -> ‘2345’ 1271.1g -> ‘1271’

Lane 1 DM0041 As above As above
The feedback values shown in the table above will usually be read from the PLC using DeviceNet or
a similar module.
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Timing
Using Performance Validation
92
Using Performance
Validation
Test button
This is only of use when inspecting. The Test button allows for a simple detection test to be carried
out. The system will wait for a period of time (approximately 20 seconds) in which a reject pack must
be detected in order for the test to pass. This will confirm all settings are correct and the system is
operating satisfactorily. There is a screen prompt to inform of the result of the test.
All test results are logged in the Events history available in the Statistics page. These can be viewed
or saved to disk as desired. Test packs are NOT counted in the statistics.
Additional PVS options can be configured in System Settings / Advanced / PVS and in Product
Settings / I/O (Rejects) / PVS.
Maintenance
This chapter describes the

maintenance procedures for the
X-ray systems range.

94
Maintenance
MAINTENANCE
X-Ray Bespoke Machine Service Schedule
Machine Serial Number
Machine Type
Customer
Factory Dispatch Date
WARNINGS
Failure to comply to the maintenance schedule below may invalidate your warranty.
Maintenance work must be carried out by appropriately qualified and trained service engineers.
No attempt should be made to repair the x-ray unit without advice from a qualified service
engineer. If in doubt contact your local Loma Service Centre.
After maintenance, the unit should be monitored using a suitably calibrated radiation instrument
and a record kept of the monitoring results in accordance with National Radiological Protection
Standards.
The X-ray system is a high performance system and as such contains several sensitive
components. For this reason the system transit packing crate is fitted with internal shock
sensors to monitor whether the system has been subjected to inappropriate handling. Activation
of this shock sensor may invalidate the system warranty.
If the system has not been used for a period of a month or more then it is critical that the x-ray
set is re-seasoned. Failing to do so could cause the x-ray set to be stressed and this may
result in premature failure. This may invalidate your warranty. If in doubt, please contact Loma
Systems
Loma Systems cannot accept any liability for damage or personal injury as a result of work
undertaken on the machine by unauthorised personnel.
95
Maintenance
MAINTENANCE ITEM FREQUENCY
1 Check the radiation protective curtains for signs of wear and tear. Daily
Replace immediately if damaged. Conveyor
only
2 Check that all interlocks and emergency stops function correctly. Daily
3 The x-ray system is fitted with an air pressure regulator complete with Daily
condensate trap with an integrated automatic drain. The condensate
bowl can be manually emptied by rotating the blue drain ring. Check that
the bowl/filter is clean and the outlet not blocked.
4 Check that the conveyor belt is tracking correctly. Daily

Conveyor
only
5 Check that there is no build up of debris on the conveyor bed. Daily

Conveyor
only
6 Check that the belt and belt rollers are clean and are free from a build up Daily
of either product or foreign material, e.g. wrapping film. Material on the Conveyor
rollers may cause incorrect tracking of the belt and also transfer dirt to only
the conveyor belt.
7 Check that the reject container is not full. This is particularly important Daily
if a ‘Bin Full’ detection device is not fitted. If necessary, empty the
container in accordance with company practice on removal of rejected
product.
8 Check the correct operation of reject timing by running contaminant test Daily
samples through the machine.
9 Dependant on the protection rating of the system, either wipes or wash Weekly
the system using a mild detergent solution. For conveyor machines, pay
particular attention to the centre section of the main cabinet behind the
curtains, as this area is not seen when in production.
10 Where fitted, clean / wipe the Product Location photoelectric cell (PEC) Weekly
and reflector. These are located behind the inside curtains in the centre Conveyor
main cabinet and are mounted either side of the conveyor. Should the only
machine be fitted with an overhead PEC, wipe clean the face only, as
this is distance setting where no reflector is necessary
11 Where fitted, clean / wipe the Reject Confirmation and Bin Full Weekly
photoelectric cells
(PEC) and reflectors. These are located on the reject bin
12 Clean / wipe all the inner and outer sets of curtains on the infeed and Weekly
outfeed. Conveyor
only
13 Check the security of fixtures and fittings and that all guards are securely Weekly
fastened in place.
14 Check that the system and associated equipment has been cleaned Weekly
correctly and there is no build-up of product or debris, particularly in the
centre section of the conveyor model.
96
Maintenance
15 Check the plastic detector insert (under the belt) for signs of wear and Weekly
tear. Replace immediately if damaged. Conveyor
only
16 Inspect the conveyor belt for damage and contamination. Weekly

Conveyor
only
17 Check that the conveyor belt is correctly tensioned and is neither too Weekly
tight nor too slack. If a belt is too loose, adjust it as described in the Conveyor
section titled Routine Maintenance Daily / weekly. only
Note: Over tensioning the belt may cause damage to bearings and
motors.
18 Check operation of all three stack lamps. Note, only the red x-ray on Weekly
lamp is monitored automatically.
19 Check for bearing wear, noted by rumbling noises from the bearing, Weekly
replace if necessary. Conveyor
only
20 Where fitted, clean the x-ray tank oil cooling radiator fins of any dust Monthly
and debris using a compressed air jet applied to the outlet air duct. This
should be done with the electrical supply off.
21 Check inside the system cabinet for x-ray oil cooling system leaks at Monthly
hose clamps.
22 Check inside the system cabinet for water ingress from over-aggressive Monthly
highpressure water cleaning.
23 The bearings require greasing at regular intervals, recommended interval 3 Monthly

is four (4) times per year, unless the environment or cleaning regime Conveyor
dictates that they are greased more frequently (Refer to Recommended only
Oil and Grease).
24 Air Regulator/Water Trap Maintenance. Check that the regulator pressure 3 Monthly
setting is correct. This should be between 60psi (4.2 bar) and 80psi (5.5
bar).
25 With the system isolated from the electrical supply check that the oil 3 Monthly
level in the x-ray tank is approximately 15 mm below the filler plug. Any
dip stick used must be cleaned with suitable paper, fabric lint could
cause contamination. The filler plug is located on the top of the x-ray
tank.
Note: This oil level should not require adjustment unless a leak in the
system is present. In addition it should be noted that the oil is of an
insulating type specific for x-rays and must not contain any moisture or
air bubbles. Top up oil should only be obtained from Loma Systems as
standard oil direct from the manufacturer requires additional processing
to meet the specification required.
26 Check the oil colour, which starts clear, but will progressively change 3 Monthly
due to the action of the ionising radiation. It must not be allowed to get
darker than pale straw colour. If the oil is darker then this arrange for it to
be changed with your local Loma Service Centre.
27 Check tank alignment and quality of detector image. 3 Monthly

97
Maintenance
28 Check that the x-ray tank oil cooling system fan is operational. Do not 3 Monthly
attempt to check this with x-rays on and interlocks overridden.
29 As a minimum the x-ray oil should be changed annually, unless the Annually
machine specific details state otherwise. The oil is of an insulating type
specific for x-rays and any air bubbles must be purged before generating
x-rays. Loma Service office can perform the oil change on request. The
customer will be responsible for the environmental disposal of the old oil.
Note: Replacement oil should only be obtained from Loma Systems as

standard oil direct from the manufacturer requires additional processing
to meet the specification required.
98
Maintenance
Inspection and Cleaning

Loma x-ray inspection systems should provide trouble-free operation, particularly if a sensible
routine maintenance procedure is carried out, as described in this section. The following topics are
covered:
• Inspection and Cleaning
• Routine maintenance.
If you have any queries relating to the maintenance of your x-ray system your Loma Service Centre
will be pleased to advise you.
WARNINGS
1. LETHAL HAZARD – ELECTRICAL AND COMPRESSED AIR SUPPLIES. This equipment
uses electrical and compressed air supplies that can be lethal. Unless absolutely
necessary, inspection and cleaning must not be carried out without first isolating the
machine from all electrical and compressed air supplies.
2. WORKING ON EQUIPMENT. If it is essential to work on the equipment with electrical
and/or compressed air power connected, the work must be undertaken only by qualified
and authorised personnel who are fully aware of the danger involved and who have taken
adequate safety precautions to avoid contact with dangerous voltages or compressed
air supplies.
3. REJECT DEVICES. At no time, with air and/or electrical power applied to an automatic
reject device, should any part of the body be placed within the operating area of the
reject device.
4. BLOCKAGES, ACCIDENTS OR BREAKDOWN. If a blockage, accident or breakdown
should occur, it is essential that the machine is stopped using the Red Emergency Stop
button before any action is taken.
5. CAUTIONARY ADVICE. Before carrying out any maintenance on the equipment please
read the section entitled Cautionary Advice.
99
Maintenance
Inspection & Cleaning Loma X4
Cleaning Materials Required
The following materials are required to clean the machine:

• Mild detergent.
• Clean water
Daily
1. Isolate the electrical and compressed air power supplies to the system.
2. Check that the belt and belt rollers are clean and are free from a build up of either product or
foreign material, e.g. wrapping film. Material on the rollers may cause incorrect tracking of
the belt and also transfer dirt to the conveyor belt.
3. Check that the reject container is not full. This is particularly important if a ‘Bin Full’ detection
device is not fitted. If necessary, empty the container in accordance with company practice
on removal of rejected product.
4. Make sure not to splash any water in the areas around the air intakes on the side of the
cabinet and on the back door.
5. Wipe the system using a mild detergent solution. Pay particular attention to the centre
section of the main cabinet behind the curtains, as this area is not seen when in production.
6. Wipe any photoelectric cells (PEC) and reflectors. These are located behind the inside
curtains in the centre main cabinet and are mounted either side of the conveyor. Should the
machine
be fitted with an overhead PEC wipe clean the face only as this is distance setting where
no reflector is necessary.
7. Wipe the curtains on the infeed, inner left, inner right and outfeed.
The Loma X4 conveyor model has the facility to override the interlock switches for the purpose of
running the conveyor to wash down. To do this the power must be switched on and the key
switch must be in the cleandown position (refer to operators section). The emergency stop buttons
will still stop the conveyor drive.
Note: When the keyswitch is in the cleandown position x-rays cannot be generated, therefore
the user must ensure that the X4 is not in RUN, in order that a fault condition is not
generated.
- Water jet nozzle is <12.5mm (1/2”) diameter, rounded.

- Water delivery rate is <105 litres/minute (23.1 gallons/minute) rounded.
- Distance of nozzle from equipment 2.5 - 3 metres (8.2-9.8 ft) rounded.
Note: Do not inject water directly into bearings.
9. If not already actioned in the previous step, switch on the electrical and compressed air
power supplies to the system.
10. Switch the key-switch to the x-ray on position, enter RUN mode and check that the
reject mechanism successfully rejects a contaminated product into the reject bin.
100
Maintenance
Weekly Inspection
2. Check the security of fixtures and fittings and that all guards are securely fastened in place.
3. Check that all interlocks and emergency stops function correctly.
4. Check that the system and associated equipment has been cleaned correctly and there is no
build-up of product or debris, particularly in the centre section of the conveyor model.
5. Check that all of the curtains are in good condition and that there are no splits in the material.
6. Inspect the conveyor belt for damage and contamination.
7. Check that the conveyor belt is correctly tensioned and is neither too tight nor too slack. If a
belt is too loose, adjust it as described in the section titled Routine Maintenance Daily / weekly.
Note: Over tensioning the belt may cause damage to bearings and motors.
8. If fitted, check the internal radiator fins are clear of dust and debris.
Inspection & Cleaning Loma X®

Cleaning Materials Required
The following materials are required to clean the machine:
• Mild detergent.
• Clean water
Daily
2. For conveyors, check that the belt and belt rollers are clean and are free from a build up
of either product or foreign material, e.g. wrapping film. Material on the rollers may cause
incorrect tracking of the belt and also transfer dirt to the conveyor belt.
3. Check that the reject container is not full. This is particularly important if a ‘Bin Full’ detection
device is not fitted. If necessary, empty the container in accordance with company practice on
removal of rejected product.
4. Either wipe or wash the system using a mild detergent solution. Pay particular attention to
the centre section of the main cabinet behind the curtains, as this area is not seen when in
production.
5. Clean / wipe any photoelectric cells (PEC) and reflectors.
6. For conveyors, clean / wipe the curtains on the infeed, inner left, inner right and outfeed.
7. If a hose wash is to be used the following information may be of use:
101
Maintenance
Weekly Inspection
2. Check the security of fixtures and fittings and that all guards are securely fastened in place.
3. Check that all interlocks and emergency stops function correctly.
4. Check that the system and associated equipment has been cleaned correctly and there is no
build-up of product or debris, particularly in the centre section of the conveyor model.
For conveyor machines:
5. Check that all of the curtains are in good condition and that there are no splits in the material.
6. Inspect the conveyor belt for damage and contamination.
7. Check that the conveyor belt is correctly tensioned and is neither too tight nor too slack. If a
belt is too loose, adjust it as described in the section titled Routine Maintenance Daily / weekly.
Note: Over tensioning the belt may cause damage to bearings and motors.
Routine Maintenance
For a summary of maintenance specific for your system please see the bespoke maintenance
schedule at the start of this section.
Routine Maintenance (Daily/Weekly)

1. If the system is fitted with an air regulator and an integrated automatic water trap then check
that the bottle/filter is clean and the outlet not blocked.
2. Switch on the electrical and compressed air supplies to the system.
3. Switch the keyswitch to the x-ray on position, enter RUN mode and check that the reject
mechanism successfully rejects a contaminated product into the reject bin.
4. For conveyor machines, check that the conveyor belt is tracking correctly. If tracking is not
correct, adjust it as described in the section titled Routine Maintenance (Weekly/Monthly).
The ‘Daily/Weekly’ routine must be carried out on a daily basis when the system is in constant use,
but can be stretched to a week when the demands on it are low. If you have any queries relating to
the maintenance of your system, your Loma Service Centre will be pleased to advise you.
WARNINGS
1. LETHAL HAZARD – ELECTRICAL AND COMPRESSED AIR SUPPLIES. This equipment

uses electrical and compressed air supplies that can be lethal. Unless absolutely
necessary, maintenance must not be carried out without first isolating the system from
all electrical and compressed air supplies.
2. WORKING ON EQUIPMENT. If it is essential to work on the equipment with electrical
and/or compressed air power connected, the work must be undertaken only by qualified
and authorised personnel who are fully aware of the danger involved and who have taken
adequate safety precautions to avoid contact with dangerous voltages or compressed
air supplies.
3. REJECT DEVICES. At no time, with air and/or electrical power applied to an automatic
reject device, should any part of the body be placed within the operating area of the
reject device. Under no circumstances must the system be operated with any reject
valve removed.
102
Maintenance
Routine Maintenance (Weekly/Monthly)

Recommended Greases and Oils
CONTAMINANTS. Oils and greases must always be handled with care. Prolonged bare skin
exposure to certain oils and greases can cause skin problems. Always handle oils and
greases in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Oil
Manufacturer Oil Type
Midel Midel 7131 (x-ray tank)
Grease
Manufacturer Type
B.P. Energrease LS2

Mobil Mobilux EP2
Texaco Multifak All Purpose EP2
Greasing for conveyor machines

All X4 conveyor units fitted with outboard bearings require greasing at regular intervals.
Bearings should be greased four (4) times per year, unless the environment or cleaning regime
dictates that they are greased more frequently.
1. Isolate the electrical and compressed air power supplies to the machine.
2. Remove the covers from the motor drive housing to gain access to the grease nipples on the
drive unit bearings.
3. Using a grease gun, apply grease to each nipple in turn. Take care not to apply too much
grease. Grease should not issue from the bearing. Refit the covers to the motor drive housing.
4. Using a grease gun, apply grease to each nipple on the remaining roller bearings throughout
the system. Take care not to apply too much grease. Grease should not issue from the
bearing.
5. Switch on the electrical and compressed air power supplies to the X4 machine.
103
Maintenance
Air Regulator/Water Trap Maintenance

All X4 Systems are fitted with an air regulator/filter unit. Adjust the pressure setting as
described below:
1. Check that the regulator pressure setting is correct. This should be between 60psi (4.2 bar)
and 80psi (5.5 bar). To adjust the regulator pressure, pull up the cap and turn it either clockwise
to increase the pressure or counter-clockwise to decrease the pressure. Push down the cap to
lock it when finished.
2. Check that the water trap is empty. Empty it by pressing the drain pin.
The ‘Weekly / Monthly’ routine must be carried out on a weekly basis when the system is in
constant use, but can be stretched to a month when the demands on it are low. If in doubt,
your Loma Service Centre will be pleased to advise you.
104
Maintenance
X-Ray Cabinet
1. Check that the fan is working on the x-ray tank cooling system located at the left of the cabinet
when viewed from the rear. In addition the PC fan also needs be checked that it is operational.
Note: Do not attempt to check this with x-rays on and interlocks overridden.
Caution: DO NOT operate the system if this fan is not running. In this unlikely event
contact your local Loma Service Department.
2. When cold check the oil level in the x-ray tank is approximately 15 mm below the filler plug.
The filler plug is located on the top of the x-ray tank situated in the upper area of the cabinet.
If the level is lower than stated telephone your local Loma service office for advice. Note: This
oil level should not change unless a leak in the system is present. In addition it should
be noted that the oil is of a special insulating type and should not contain any moisture
or air bubbles (Refer to RECOMMENDED OIL AND GREASE).
Setting & Adjusting the Conveyor Belt Tension & Tracking

(conveyor models only)
NOTE: Do not over-tension the belt, as this will cause premature wear of the bearings and
damage the belt.
If the belt slips or moves during normal operation, check the condition of the rollers and make sure
that debris has not built up between the rollers and the conveyor belt. This alone can cause tracking
problems.
Follow the steps described in the Paragraph tiled Adjusting the Belt tension.
Note: If any difficulty is found with tensioning or tracking, consult your local Loma Customer
Service Department.
105
Maintenance
Adjusting the Belt Tension.

The belt tensioning screws are located adjacent to the infeed roller of the X-ray system conveyor.
1. Check that the belt and all rollers are clean and free from debris and greasy elements.
2. Check that all rollers are square across the conveyor and are free to rotate.
3. With the belt in a slack condition, i.e. belt slipping when the motor is running, and centralised
along the length of the conveyor, adjust the tensioning screws evenly until belt drive is
achieved.
4. Increase the tension until there is no slip condition with the belt under load (full product load).
Setting the Belt Tracking

The belt tracking screws are located adjacent to the rollers at the end of the X4 machine
With the belt tension set, the belt should now be running down the centre of the conveyor. If the belt
moves to one side, this indicates that the tracking needs to be adjusted.
1. Turn the tracking screw on the same side of the conveyor to which the belt is moving by a
quarter turn clockwise.
2. If the belt still moves in the same direction, repeat Step 1 until the belt moves back to the
centre of the roller.
NOTE: Do not over-tension the belt whilst adjusting the tracking.
3. If necessary, slacken the opposite tracking screw by turning a quarter turn counter-clockwise.
NOTE: When making adjustments to the tracking each adjustment should be in small
increments at a time. In addition time should be allowed for the belt to move before further
adjustments are made.
106
Maintenance
Adjusting the Drive Chain Tension (conveyor model only)

WARNING
When the cover is removed from the drive module the sprockets and chain are exposed. Care
must be taken when making adjustments.
1. The drive chain has an automatic tensioner, which will take up any stretch of the chain. If the
chain requires checking or lubricating, follow the procedure below.
2. Remove the drive cover from the drive unit. (In some cases it may be necessary to remove the
reject bin).
3. Check the tension of the drive chain and free movement available of the spring loaded
tensioner. The chain should not be so tight that there is no movement whatsoever, inversely it
should not be so loose that the chain tensioner is at the end of its movement.
4. If the chain needs replacement, retract the tensioner and hold in place with a suitable tool,
remove the chain split link & remove the chain. Replace with a new chain with the same
number of links. Release the tensioner and re-check the tension.
5. Check to ensure the sprocket alignment is correct and the grubscrews that lock the sprockets
to the shafts are tight.
6. If necessary lubricate the drive chain with a suitable lubricant.
7. Replace the drive cover and any other covers removed.
107
Maintenance
Adjusting the Reject Mechanisms

WARNING
REJECT DEVICES. At no time, with air and/or electrical power applied to an automatic reject
device, should any part of the body be placed within the operating area of the reject device.
If the reject Delay and reject On times need to be adjusted, these are set up via the user interface
from the control panel. Refer to the menu titled setup reject.
Pusher and Plough Rejects

At the solenoid valve, adjust the two throttle screws, in conjunction with the reject delay and dwell
times, until the required reject timing and speed of operation are obtained. The air pressure supplied
to the conveyor affects both the reject timing and the speed of operation.
There is cushioning adjustment at each end of the cylinder. This can be adjusted carefully to prevent
hard knocking at the end of the stroke.
Air Blast Reject

Since this type of reject has no throttles, the only variables that can be adjusted are the reject delay
and reject on times.
Signal Only
Where signal only is required adjustment to the dwell and delay reject times is all that is necessary
unless an auxiliary reject is fitted outside of the X4 machine.
Routine Maintenance (Quarterly)

1. Replace all three lamp stack lamps.
2. Check oil level in tank and check oil is still transparent.
3. Check all hose clamps internally for oil leaks
4. Check tank alignment and quality of detector image.
CAUTION! : Steps 2 and 3 should only be attempted by trained and approved

staff. If in doubt, please contact Loma Systems.
Routine Maintenance (Annual)

Unless otherwise stated in the Machine Maintenance Schedule, the x-ray oil should be changed
after 1 year. Failing to do so could lead to premature failure of x-ray components. The datasheet
for the oil is contained in Appendix C. Loma Service can perform the oil change on request, but the
customer will be responsible for the safe disposal of the oil.
108
Maintenance
Appendices
110
Appendices
APPENDIX A - Radiation Safety
Local Rules (UK Example)
Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999 Local rules

1. GENERAL
These rules are provided in compliance with the Ionising Radiations Regulations 19n99
(IRR99) (Regulation 17) and the Associated Approved Code of Practice - “Work with Ionising
Radiation”.
The rules are the general principles and description of the means of complying with the
Regulations and should be seen as implementing part of the general safety policy required by
Section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974.
Aims: to ensure that work with ionising radiations is controlled so that:
1) During normal working, radiation doses to all persons are as low as reasonably
practicable,
2) Precautions have been taken to minimise the risk of equipment failure or other
occurrence which may result in significant radiation doses to any person.
3) No doses exceed those specified in the Regulations.
2. RADIATION PROTECTION SUPERVISOR (RPS)

[INSERT NAME OF RPS]
The RPS is responsible for ensuring the work is carried out in accordance with requirements
of the regulations and for taking all reasonable steps to ensure that these rules are observed.
In addition, the RPS should carry out a radiation dose rate survey of the unit at least once a
month or after maintenance. Checks should also be made on the operation of any warning
lights and door interlocks. A record should be kept of the monitoring results (dose rates
should be noted in units of “µSv/h“) and safety system checks.
3. AUTHORISED STAFF
Only staff who have been trained in the use of the x-ray unit may operate the equipment. The
staff authorised to use the equipment are listed below.
[INSERT NAMES]
4. DESIGNATION OF AREAS
No controlled or supervised areas require to be designated in connection with this unit.
5. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Any failure of a warning light or interlocks must be reported to the RPS as soon as possible.
In the event of a fault resulting in the failure of the door interlock or shielding, the equipment
must not be used until it has been repaired. A notice stating that the unit is out of use must
be displayed on the unit.
5.2 Before generating any x-rays, check that the warning lights are functioning.
5.3 Before accessing the interior of the unit, e.g. for cleaning, check that the unit is disconnected
from the power supply.
5.4 Do not tamper with or attempt to over-ride the door interlock – this could result in exposure
to the primary x-ray beam.
5.5 When the equipment is not in use, remove the key to prevent unauthorised use.
111
Appendices
6. MAINTENANCE
Maintenance will be carried out by appropriately qualified service engineers when necessary.
No attempt should be made to repair the x-ray unit without advice from a qualified service
engineer. After maintenance, the unit should be monitored using a suitably calibrated radiation
instrument and a record kept of the monitoring results.
7. RISK/ HAZARD
ASSESSMENT Potential
hazards are:
7.1 Failure of an interlock resulting in generation of x-rays while the cabinet door is open.
7.2 Radiation leakage from the cabinet as a result of misplaced shielding following repairs to the
unit or non-operation of an interlock. Routine monitoring around the unit following repairs or
maintenance should minimise this risk.
7.3 Fire or mechanical damage which may affect the integrity of the shielding. Under normal
operating conditions, the equipment is adequately shielded and doses to operators will be
low (< 50 “μSv per year).
8. CONTINGENCY PLANS
IMMEDIATE ACTION is necessary to prevent exposure of persons to radiation.
8.1 In the event of a fault, SWITCH OFF the equipment and remove the key from the switch.
8.2 Do not use the equipment again until the fault has been rectified and the absence of any
radiation leakage is verified.
8.3 Notify the RPS of the fault.
8.4 In the event that it is suspected that a person has received an over exposure then the RPS
must be contacted immediately. Under these circumstances, the RPS must ascertain if a
person has been exposed and the magnitude of the exposure. If investigations determine that
an over-exposure has taken place then the Health and Safety Executive must be notified of
this forthwith.
112
Appendices
APPENDIX B
SYSTEM SETTINGS
From the main screen the System Settings can be accessed by either pressing Goto then System.
These are advanced settings and should not be modified except by an authorised person. The
System Settings screen is shown below:
System Settings
Software
This area shows the currently installed software version of the Loma X4. Click on the ‘Version’ label
or the actual version string (‘v1.XX.XX.XX’ in the above image) to display the Release Notes for the
current software version. This shows a list of the bug fixes, new features and feature changes made
in this version of software. It is recommended to always familiarise yourself with the latest Release
Notes after installing a new version of software.
Press the Update button to install a new version of the Loma X4 software. This simple procedure
involves copying the Update.CAB file from the root of your USB stick. Do not extract the files from
Update.CAB manually.
113
Appendices
Configuration
This section shows the current configuration of the system software. The values in this section are
read-only. These values may be helpful to understand the system when diagnosing faults in the
system. Please contact Loma for an explanation of the settings in this list.
Restart
This restarts the Loma X4 software. This should only be used in the event of a serious problem. In
order for the software to restart, the Set-up Keyswitch must be inserted and turned to the ‘ENABLE’
position.
Exit Program
This exits the Loma X4 software and displays the Windows XP desktop. This requires a password
and should not be used except to help diagnose problems with the system.
Miscellaneous Settings
• Language. Select the required system language. ‘English (UK)’ will always appear in the list.
To enable other languages, please go to Advanced System Settings, ‘Units’ tab and select the
language(s) of interest. Note that some languages (e.g. Korean, Mandarin, Polish and Czech)
require some advanced Windows XP settings to be modified. This should only be attempted
by a System Administrator or specialist from Loma. Please contact Loma for details of this
procedure.
• Fault Detection. Normally switched on. This should only be switched off during troubleshooting
by an authorised person.
• Enable Watchdog. Normally switched on. This communicates with the PLC and helps ensure
the safety of the system in the unlikely event of a software value. This should only be switched
off during troubleshooting by an authorised person.
• Reject Override. Normally switched off. If this is switched on, the reject devices will not be
triggered and product will not be rejected, even if a contaminant is detected. This only be
switched on during troubleshooting by an authorised person.
• Show Reject Lanes. Normally switched on. This is only applicable in Loose flow mode and
shows the lanes of operation on the main run screen.
Advanced Settings
Press Advanced Settings to display additional system settings. These settings should only be
modified by an authorised person. While these Advanced Settings are intuitive, they can have a
profound effect on the operation of the system. For help with these settings please contact your
Loma representative.
114
Appendices
Backup Settings
Click this button to save all products and system settings to the USB stick. It is recommended to
perform this operation regularly and to save these files in a secure location. This will help to guard
against accidental or other changes to these settings or computer failure. They may also be used to
easily set up identical products on a new machine.
Important note!
Backup Settings are saved in a folder with the same name as the current machine ID, for
example ‘AXR44150-43580F’.
Recall Settings
This will recall all the products and system settings from the USB stick. The is the option to overwrite
existing products if required. Note that this will erase products and product images if this option is
used.
To recall settings from one machine onto another, it will be necessary to rename the folder in which
the Backup Settings were saved (see the previous section). To do this, use Windows Explorer to
rename the folder to the same name as the machine ID on which you wish to recall the settings.
Image Manager
The Image Manager is screen is shown below:
Fig 8-1 Image Manager
In the top left, select the product of interest. In the top right, select the type of image to display. Now
select the image(s) of interest from the list shown on the left.
• Save Date/Time. Used with Reject images only. This will embed the date and time that the
reject occurred into the image before saving to the USB stick.
115
Appendices
• Delete. The currently selected images are erased from disk.

• Save. The currently selected images are saved to disk. Choose the High option to save the
selected image(s) as large, high quality BITMAP images. Choose the Low option to the save
the selected image(s) as small, low quality JPEG images. Always choose to save as BITMAP
images when asking for product advise from, for example, Loma.
116
Appendices
APPENDIX D
DIAGNOSTICS
The Loma X4 offers a number of advanced Diagnostics tools to aid troubleshooting. To reach this
screen, press Goto and then Diagnostics or click the active in the top right of the main run screen.
X-Ray Set
This screen is used to show an overview of the X-ray, associated safety interlocks and other faults.
Any fault condition will be highlighted as red boxes. Green boxes signify a good condition and grey
boxes signify either no fault or an inactive condition. An example of this screen is shown below:
Diagnostics > X-Ray Set
X-Ray Set Test (X-rays)

This screen allows for the manual control of X-rays for troubleshooting. Some advanced diagnostics
for the High Voltage Power Supply Unit (HVPSU) are also displayed. On the ‘Trend / Burn In’ tab,
the demand and actual kV and mA may be tracked. Some important values to note are the actual
filament voltage (V), current (A) and resistance (R) values. If the R value is very different from the
ideal value of 1.00, then this may indicate a problem with the X-Ray tube. On this tab, a tank Burn
In may also be initiated. This is important when the tank is changed (to condition the tank for normal
operation) or if the machine has been standing idle for several weeks.
117
Appendices
The ‘Diagnostics’ tab is shown below:
X-Ray Power Supply Diagnostics
• Comms. This shows the status of communications with the HVPSU. When the safety relay
has been triggered in the machine (such as when the Emergency Stop has been hit), power is
immediately cut to the HVPSU to make the system safe. When this happens, communications
with the HVPSU will be interrupted but should resume after the fault has been cleared.
• kV / mA Demand. If the demand for kV or mA is sent to the HVPSU but when read back is
different from this value, this fault is set. This probably indicates corruption in the command
sent to the HVPSU.
• kV / mA Fail. If the demand is non-zero, but the HVPSU is returning zero kV or mA, this fault is
set. This probably indicates a transient fault with the power supply or a failed X-ray tube.
• kV / mA Error. When the actual kV or mA returned is slightly different from the demand, this
fault is set. When X-rays are ramping up, this fault occurs frequently, but should not occur
after a few seconds. If this fault persists, this probably indicates a short in the electrical cables
supplying the X-ray tube or breakdown in the insulation oil used in the X-ray tank.
• Other Diagnostics. These are faults returned from HVPSU. These may be transient or occur very
rapidly, therefore the number in brackets indicates how many times the fault has occurred since
the last reboot.
• Advanced. These settings are related to the communications with the HVPSU. When the Write
Count is increasing, this indicates that the Loma X4 is attempting to communication with the
HVPSU. When the Receive Count is increasing, this indicates that the HVPSU is responding.
118
Appendices
X-Ray Set > Rejects

Use this screen to test the reject outputs by pressing and holding the button. This confirms that the
communication link between the Loma X4 software and the PLC is working and that the electrical
system for the reject output is operating as expected. In the Signals box, it is possible to view pack
detection and result (pass, reject) signals as product passes through the machine.
X-Ray Set > Save

Use this to dump the current state of the Diagnostics to the USB stick. This is a powerful tool for
getting help from Loma in troubleshooting problems on the machine.
X-Ray Set > Reset Faults

Use this button to clear faults on the X-ray machine.
System Information
This screen displays an overview of the state of the machine.
System Information > System

This tab shows a number of useful system parameters.
In the Loma X4 section, the expected PLC software version is noted. If the software has been
upgraded but a later version of the PLC software is required for some of new features, this value is
coloured red. This is not necessarily a fault condition, but should be drawn to the attention of Loma.
The Temperature section shows the thermal values reported by the detector.
On the right, Memory information for the Loma X4 process is displayed. The Bytes value shows
the current memory used by the software. If this value continues to increase in normal operation,
this should be reported to Loma.
119
Appendices
System Information > Detector

This tab is shown below:
System Information > Detector
Some useful information about the detector is displayed on this screen. If the detector cannot be
identified on system start-up, the Serial Number, Firmware and Module fields will be coloured red. If
this problem persists after a system reboot, it may indicate a permanent failure of the detector. On
the right, the Offset and Gain applied to the detector diodes is shown.
System Information > Service / Maintenance

View this tab for system statistics such as the number of hours that X-rays have been active, and
so on. Service / Maintenance warning prompts are triggered when one of the progress bars in
the middle of the screen goes above 80.0%. Fault prompts will be triggered when one of the
bars exceeds 95.0%. These prompts are designed to ensure the machine is well maintained and
operating optimally.
System Information > License

This tab shows the current state of the license in this machine. If, for example, the PVS option is not
licensed, then these features will not be enabled. Contact Loma for information on how to enable
features that may be disabled on your system.
120
Appendices
Detector
This screen is useful to assess the live status of the detector such as whether the alignment is good,
or the correct power levels have been selected. To test that the correct power levels have been
selected, follow this procedure:
• Ensure that the system is not inspecting.

• Select the power level on Scan Settings under Product Settings.
• Note the current values of Gamma and Range (%) (Image Optimisation screen under Product
Settings).
• Reset both these values to 100 (if different) and return to Diagnostics.
• Switch Offset and Gain off.
• Start X-Rays. When they are stable, observe whether any part of the curve touches the top
of the screen. If it does, this indicates saturation of the detector and kV or mA values for this
power level will need to be reduced. If the top of the curve is very low (around 100 or less), this
may indicate a problem with the alignment or the kV / mA values may need to be increased.
Contact Loma for advice in either case.
• Repeat for the other power level settings.
• Reset the Gamma / Range (%) to their original values.
Detector Diagnostics screen
There are a number of features on interest in this screen:
• Offset / Gain. The values applied to the detector to remove the background level before X-rays
have been applied (Offset) and to move each diode output to the target output after X-rays have
been applied (Gain).
• Blanking. Select this to display where blanking is being applied on the detector trace.
121
Appendices
• Stats. Select this to display some statistics from the raw detector data (before it is converted to
the product image). These advanced statistics are displayed in green on the detector trace.
• Detector. Shows the current detector trace as converted into image data.
• Histogram. Display a histogram of the raw detector data.
• Raw Offsets. Display the Offset values applied to the detector. This is not available if the
machine is inspecting product.
• Gain Table. Display the Gain values applied to the detector. This is not available if the machine
is inspecting product.
PLC > I/O

This tab shows a mimic of the live inputs and outputs on the PLC. If the expansion module is
present, this may be viewed as well. This is very useful to view the electrical contacts inside the
cabinet without having to open the cabinet. In the Test Output section, individual outputs may be
tested on the PLC. For example, to test that Pre-Warn lamp is working as expected, set CH to 10
and Output to 04. Press Set and verify that the lamp is lit. Note that PLC inputs may not be tested in
this way.
PLC > Diagnostics

This tab shows some advanced PLC diagnostics:
• Status. Show some status flags such as the current status of communication with PLC. Under
normal conditions, communications with the PLC should never be interrupted. When the Write
Count is increasing, this indicates that the Loma X4 is attempt to communication with the
PLC. When the Receive Count is increasing, this indicates that the PLC is responding.
• Stacks. These values are useful in troubleshooting problems with the rejection of product in the
system. Detect Stack indicates the number of packs that have been detected (but have not yet
reached the reject point). Verdict Stack indicates the number of packs for which a verdict (pass,
reject) has been reached (but have not yet reached the reject point). Under normal operation
these values should be equal or different by a maximum of 1. The rest of this group show actual
verdict data.
• Advanced Status. These are advanced status flags returned by the PLC. The Instruction Error
field may occasionally display ‘Yes’. If any other field displays ‘Yes’, please contact Loma.
122
Appendices
APPENDIX E
OIL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
MIDEL® 7131
Materials Safety Data Sheet

Continued
Page 3 of 3
1. Substance/Company Product Name: MIDEL® 7131.

Identification Product Type: Dielectric fluid.
CAS No: 68424-31-7.
EINECS No: 270-291-9.
Company Name: M&I Materials Ltd.
Hibernia Way, Trafford Park, Manchester, M32 0ZD, UK.
Telephone: +44 (0)161 864 5411 Fax: +44 (0)161 864 5444.
Emergency Telephone: +44 (0)161 864 5439.
Email: RussellMartin@mimaterials.com.
2. Hazards Identification This product is not classified as hazardous.
3. Composition Composition: Pentaerythritol fatty acid ester.

Ingredients Hazardous Ingredients: None.
4. First Aid Measures Eyes: Irrigate with copious quantities of water.

Skin: Wash with soap and water.
Inhalation: None envisaged.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Obtain medical attention.
In all cases if persistent irritation occurs seek medical attention.
5. Fire Fighting Suitable extinguishing media: Carbon dioxide, dry powder, foam or water fog.
Measures Do not use water jets.
Exposure hazards: Combustion will give rise to particles and gases similar to
burning wood.
Protective equipment: Self-contained breathing apparatus may be required.
6. Accidental Release Personal precautions: Spilt product can constitute a slip hazard. Avoid contact
Measures with skin and eyes.
Environmental precautions: In the event of a large spillage, clean as
thoroughly as possible and contact local authority. Avoid flushing into
drains where possible.
Cleaning procedures: Use an inert absorbent material (e.g. sand,
earth, etc.) and place in labelled containers. See para.13 re disposal.
7. Handling and Storage Handling: Avoid eye and prolonged skin contact.
Storage: Store in a cool dry place.
Specific use: Exposure to air should be minimised. Opened containers
should be properly resealed.
123
Appendices
MIDEL® 7131

Continued
Page 3 of 3
8. Exposure Controls/ Respiratory protection: Not required for normal use.

Personal Protection Hand protection: Wash hands after use. For prolonged or repeated skin
contact gloves are recommended.
Eye protection: If splashes are likely to occur wear safety glasses.
Skin protection: Wear coveralls.
9. Physical & Chemical Physical state: Liquid. Colour: Pale yellow.

Properties Odour: Faintly sweet. Water solubility: Insoluble.
Flash point: 260°C. Explosive limits: Not determined.
Fire point: 317 ± 5°C. Relative density @ 20°C: 0.97.
Autoignition point: 435°C. Viscosity @ 20 °C: 70 mm2/s.
10. Stability & Reactivity Stability: Will not polymerise.

Conditions to avoid: Temperatures >250°C.
Materials to avoid: Strong oxidising agents.
Hazardous decomposition products: None known.
11. Toxicological Oral LD50 > 5000 mg/kg. Dermal LD50 > 2000 mg/kg.
Information Eyes: May cause transient irritation.
Inhalation: Low volatility makes inhalation unlikely.
Ingestion: May cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Skin: Repeated and prolonged skin contact may cause skin disorders.
12. Ecological Ecotoxicity: Studies have shown that substances of this type do not pose a
Information hazard to aquatic organisms. When used and/or disposed of as indicated no
adverse environmental effects are foreseen.
Mobility: Non-volatile/ Insoluble in water.
Persistence and degradability: Readily biodegradable.
Bioaccumulation potential: No potential for bioaccumulation.
13. Disposal Product and packaging must be disposed of in accordance with local and
Considerations national regulations. May be incinerated. Unused product may be returned
for reclamation. European Waste Code: 13 03 09.
14. Transport Not classified as hazardous under air (ICAO/IATA), sea (IMDG), road (ADR)
Classification or rail (RID) regulations.
15. Regulatory Not classified as dangerous under EC criteria. All chemical substances in this
Information material are included in EINECS and on the TSCA Inventory of Chemical
Substances. MIDEL® 7131 has been classified as non-hazardous to water
(nwg) by the German Federal Department of the Environment
(Umweltbundesamt).
124
Appendices
MIDEL® 7131

Continued
Page 3 of 3
16. Other Information Compiled according to the EU Directive 1907/2006/EC.

Changes from last issue: Section 1 CAS and EINECS numbers;
Section 9 Flash and Fire points.
The information provided in this Safety Data Sheet is correct to our best knowledge, information and belief at the
date of its publication. It is intended to describe the product for the purposes of health, safety and environmental
requirements only. It should not be construed as guaranteeing any specific property of the product.
125
Appendices
126
License agreement
End User Licence Agreement

The software used within the Loma X4 and Loma X® is protected by copyright laws and
international copyright treaties. The software in the Loma X4 and Loma X® is licensed not sold.
Grant of Licence:
Loma Systems shall at all times have and retain title and full ownership of all software, firmware
programming routines, and documentation thereof supplied by Loma Systems for use with the
equipment, and of all copies thereof made by Buyer (collectively “software”).
Loma Systems grants Buyer a non-exclusive and non-transferable license to use such software
solely for use with the equipment.
Buyer shall take all reasonable steps to protect Loma Systems proprietary interest in the software
and shall not transfer or otherwise provide or sub-licence the software to any third party.
Rights and Limitations:

The software is licensed as a component within the <machine> only, and may not be separated for
use elsewhere.
The software is licensed with the Loma X4 or Loma X® as a single integrated product. The
software may only be used with the Loma X4 or Loma X® respectively.
You may not rent or lease the software.
You may permanently transfer all of your rights under this EULA only as part of a sale or transfer
of the Loma X4 or Loma X®, provided you retain no copies, you transfer all of the software and
the recipient agrees to the EULA.
127
Index
A E
Absorption 27 Edge width 66
level 28 Electrical services 8
Air blast 7 supply 15
conditioner 14 Emergency 16, 20
pressure 8 stop buttons 31
supply 16 Environment 3
Alarm 17, 8 Equating absorption 29
Application 16 Equipment vii, 13
Assembly 16 Explorer 65
Auto increment 89
Average weights 82 L
Learn parameters 44
B Learning products 42
Belt 18 Full learn 42
pension 104 Learn 42
tracking 105 Lelearn a product 42
Blanking 52 Perform a full Learn 42
Blockages 98 Update learn 42
Box remover 58 logs 38

clearing 39
C Contaminants log 38
Calibration 35 displaying 38
weight 79 Errors log 38
Cleaning 2 Faults log 38
regime 96 printing 39
Collimator 26
Condensate bowl 95 F
Contaminant 44, 102 Feedback 89
size. 64 Fill 80
Conveyor belt 5, 95 level 80
speed 53, 79 Filter 65
Cooler 8
Cost. 83 H
Count mode 73 High voltage 26

Histogram 57
D
Dealing vi CH
Detection 26 Checks 22
algorithm 50 Checkweigh 46
methods 54
Detector 4 I
Detergent 99 Indicator lamp 8
Diagnostics 116 Inspection 35, 45
Drive chain tension 106 Installation – electrical 15
Drop flap 8 – pneumatics 16
Isolator switch terminals 15
128
Index
configuration 86
L confirm 87
Lane selection 6 delay 18
settings 52 device 18, 98
Lead curtains 21 devices 18
Lethal hazard 13, 17 setup 18
Line block 87 system 18
Lock calibration 77 -source 40
Result box 56
M Routine maintenance 18
Maintenance 18 Rules 110
Masking 60
Measurement 20 S
Memory 118 Safety 6
Minimum weight 82 devices 8
Miscellaneous settings 113 Screen 33
Monitoring 21 Sensitive area 21
Service 119
N engineers 94
Noise 73 Set gamma 53
Noise area 74 Slope change 65
Statistics 44
O Supplies 15
Object tools 70 System information 119
Oil 26
level 96 T
Over tensioning 101 Target 82
Temperature 118
P Test button 92
Pack length 52 Thermostat 8
threshold 52 Tracking 64
Personnel 94
Plastic detektor 96 W
Plough rejects 107 Warning 4
Product integrity 44, 54, 55 indication 8
Product menu 39 Warranty 94
settings 41 Water delivery 99
button 38 jet nozzle 99
Pusher 7, 107 Weight feedback 89
R X
Radiation 20 X-ray components 4
exam 20 generator sensors 8
leakage 111 kabinet 8
leakage 22 power 4
levels vi tank 8
Refresh calibration 77 tube 14
Regulator pressure 103
Reject 18

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X4 X-Ray Inspection System User Guide

Copyright and acknowledgements

Part number: 814198-E-ENG

4. WORKING ON EQUIPMENT. If it is essential to work on the equipment with electrical and/or

1. Emergency Shutdown of X-Ray System

2. Dealing With Fire

Obligations under CE Directive 2002/96/EC (WEEE)

Affix Machine Type and Serial Number Label Here

Loma Systems, a division of ITW Ltd.,

Signed: Date: 11/06/2014

Loma Systems, a division of ITW Ltd.,

The Loma group of companies

Tel.: 01252 893300 Tel.: 1-800-387-7987 / 905-842-4581

USA and South America Czech Republic

Tel.: 1-630-588-0900 / 1-800-USA-Loma Tel: +42 (0) 377 183810

Tel.: +86 (0) 21 64102396 Tel: +31 (0) 492 573550

About the X-ray inspection range 1 Setting up the X-ray system

Installation 11 Test button 92

Checking Guards 17 Inspection and Cleaning 98

Checking Belt Tracking 18 Routine Maintenance 101

Setting Up Reject 18 X-Ray Cabinet 104

Radiation Surveys 20 Adjusting the Reject Mechanisms 107

Routine Operational Testing 21

Frequency of Monitoring 21 APPENDIX A - Radiation Safety 110

Using the X-ray system 25 APPENDIX D 116

Principles of Inspection 26 APPENDIX E 122

Setting up a new product 37

Displaying and printing reports 43

Setting up the X-ray system

explaining its operation and giving

examples of typical applications.

It also describes the key features of

ABOUT THE X-RAY INSPECTION RANGE

Intended use of the equipment

Cleaning your machine

Case Material ....................................................................................... Stainless steel 304L, fabricated

Control Unit .............................................................................................................................. Loma X4

Power & Air Requirements

Supply voltages ............................................................................ 230 V/1ph/ 50 Hz, 110 V /1ph / 60 Hz

Nominal line height ..................................................................................................... 900mm ± 100mm

Maximum X-Ray Power ..............................................150 W (60 kV, 2.5 mA) X4

High voltage PSU

Image Capture and Processing Unit

a) 307 mm (for a 300 mm wide conveyor)

b) 512 mm (for a 500 mm wide conveyor)

c) 614 mm (for a 600 mm wide conveyor or SideShoot system)

d) 922 mm (for a X4 800 XL)

Nominal line height: 900mm ± 100mm

Safety Guards / Devices

Safety Relay and Circuits

Conveyor Reject Types

Air Blast Reject

Pneumatic Specification for reject type

Drop Flap Reject

Other Standard Equipment

Indicator lamp Stack

X-Ray generator sensors

Bin full Photocell

Roller Track Reject Receptacle

This chapter describes how to

It first gives general information,

applicable to all versions, followed

for each version.

LIFTING AND MOVING AN X-RAY MACHINE