1.

What is the most widely used type of transmission Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
line? Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
A. Coaxial Cable* Transmission Lines; page 486
B. Parallel-Wire Line
C. Twisted-Pair Cable
6. What is the formula in finding characteristic
D. Two-wire balanced line
impedance Zo for an infinitely long transmission
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication line?
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13- A. Zo= √L/C*
Transmission Lines; page 481 B. Zo= √LC
C. Zo= √C/L
2. Which of the following is true about transmission
D. Zo= √1/LC
line?
A. It can be balanced Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
B. It can be unbalanced Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
C. Both A and B* Transmission Lines; page 488
D. None of the above
7. What is the common characteristic impedance of a
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication coaxial cable?
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13- A. 75Ω
Transmission Lines; page 482 B. 93Ω
C. 125Ω
3. What is the characteristic of twisted-pair cable?
D. All of the above*
A. size of wire
B. type of insulation Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
C. tightness of twist Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
D. All of the above* Transmission Lines; page 488

Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
Transmission Lines; page 482
4. What is the name of a connector in which its body is
designed to fit around the end of a coaxial cable and
to provide convenient ways to attach the shield
braid and the inner conductor?
A. BNC
B. PL-259*
C. SMA
D. F-type
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
Transmission Lines; page 484
5. What is the best-performing coaxial connector?
A. RCA phonograph
B. N-type*
C. F-type
D. BNC
8. What is the transmission line used specifically for
the purpose of achieving delay?
A. delay line*
B. ladder line
C. waveguide
D. two-wire line
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
Transmission Lines; page 490
9. What is a device used to convert balanced
transmission line to unbalanced transmission line?
A. Connector
B. Balun*
C. BNC
D. SMA
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
Transmission Lines; page 482
10. What is the power sent down the line toward the Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
line? Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
A. reflected power Transmission Lines; page 506
B. backward power
15. What is the characteristic impedance of a microstrip
C. incident power*
transmission line which is to be used as a capacitor
D. total power
4pF at 800MHz? (The PCB dielectric is 3.6. The
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication microstrip dimensions are h=0.0625 in, w=0.13in,
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13- and t=0.002 in.)
Transmission Lines; page 498 A. 50.1Ω
B. 48.9Ω*
11. What circuit gives mismatched lines?
C. 49.8Ω
A. Non-resonant
D. 48.5 Ω
B. Resonant*
C. A and B Solution:
D. None of the above 87 5.98ℎ
𝑍𝑜 = 𝑙𝑛
√𝜖+1.41 0.8𝑤+𝑡
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13- Zo = characteristic impedance
Transmission Lines; page 499
ϵ = dielectric constant
12. What term expresses the percentage of reflected
w = width of copper trace
power?
A. return loss* t = thickness of copper trace
B. power loss
C. total power loss h = distance between trace and ground plane
D. percentage loss (dielectric thickness) of dielectric

Source: Principles of Electronic Communication

Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13- 87 5.98(0.0625)
𝑍𝑜 = ln
Transmission Lines; page 501 √3.6 + 1.41 0.8(0.13) + 0.002

13. How is maximum power transfer achieved in the 𝑍𝑜 = 48.9Ω

line?
A. If the line and load impedances are equal*
B. If the line impedance is greater than the
load impedance
C. If the line impedance is less than the load
impedance
D. If the line impedance is twice the load
impedance
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
Transmission Lines; page 480
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
Transmission Lines; page 508
16. What is the reflection of coefficient of a RG-11/U
foam coaxial cable that has a maximum voltage
standing wave of 52 V and a minimum voltage of 17
V?
A. 0.55
B. 0.61
C. 0.51*
D. 0.52

Solution:
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛
14. What is the usual length of microstrip? 𝛤=
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛
A. One-quarter wavelength
B. ¾ wavelength
C. One-half wavelength Γ = coefficient of reflection
D. Both A and C* Vmax = maximum voltage
 Vmin = minimum voltage Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
52 − 17
𝛤= = 0.51 Transmission Lines; page 494
52 + 17
19. What is the total attenuation of a 165-ft section of
RG-58A /U at 100 MHz being used to connect a
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication transmitter to an antenna? Its attenuation for 100 ft
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13- at 100 MHz is 5.3 dB. Its input power from a
Transmission Lines; page 501 transmitter is 100 W.
A. 8.547 dB
17. What length of a pair of conductors is considered to B. 8.574 dB
be a transmission line for an operating frequency of C. 7.485 dB
450 MHz? (A pair of conductors does not act as a D. 8.745 dB*
transmission line unless it is at least 0.1λ long.)
A. 0.219 ft* Solution:
B. 0.315 ft 5.3𝑑𝐵 𝑑𝐵
𝒄𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = = 0.053
C. 0.215 ft 100 𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡
𝑑𝑏
D. 0.221 ft 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 0.053 (165𝑓𝑡)
𝑓𝑡
Solution: = 8.745𝑑𝐵

𝑐 Source: Principles of Electronic Communication

λ=
𝑓 Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13-
Transmission Lines; page 492
λ = wavelength
20. Calculate the length of a bow-tie antenna at
c = speed of light
310Mhz(0.73 λ).
f = operating frequency A. 2.5 ft
984 B. 2.3 ft*
λ= = 2.19 𝑓𝑡 C. 2.1 ft
450
D. 2.8 ft
0.1λ = 2.19(0.1) = 0.219 𝑓𝑡
Solution:
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 13- 984
λ=
Transmission Lines; page 483 𝑓

18. What is the equivalent inductance per foot if a 150- 984

λ=
ft length of RG-62A/U coaxial cable is used as a 310
transmission line? λ = 3.16 ft
A. 115.72 nH/ft
B. 115.76 nH/ft 𝐿 = 3.16𝑓𝑡(0.73) = 2.3 𝑓𝑡
C. 116.76 nH/ft* Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
D. 117.76 nH/ft Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas
Solution: and Wave Propagation; page 544

𝐿 = 𝐶𝑍𝑜 2 = (13.5 𝑥 10−12 )(932 ) 21. What is an invisible force field produced by the
presence of a potential difference between two
L = inductance conductors?
C = capacitance A. magnetic field
B. electromagnetic field
Zo = characteristic impedance C. electric field*
D. force field
𝐿 = 116.76 𝑛𝐻/𝑓𝑡
 Source: Principles of Electronic Communication D. 1980’s
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 523
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-
22. How to determine the direction of the magnetic Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 529
field in a conductor ?
27. What is the other name for half-wave dipole
A. right-hand rule
antenna?
B. left-hand rule*
A. Marconi Antenna
C. electric field polarization
B. Hertz Antenna*
D. magnetic field polarization
C. Horn Antenna
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication D. Conical Antenna
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 525
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-
Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 531

23. What is the ratio of the electric field strength of a 28. Which of the following is used to make an antenna
radiated wave to the magnetic field strength? transmit and receive at the same time?
A. wave impedance* A. Multiplexer
B. radiation resistance B. Duplexer
C. characteristic impedance C. Demultiplexer
D. electric potential D. Diplexer*

Source: Principles of Electronic Communication Source: Principles of Electronic Communication

Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14- Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-
Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 527 Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 531

24. What are the fields that antennas produced? 29. What is the phenomenon caused by any support
A. Near and far field* insulators used at the ends of the wire antenna and
B. High and low field has the effect of adding a capacitance to the end of
C. Left and right field each wire?
D. All of the above A. End effect*
B. Skin effect
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
C. Envelope delay
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-
D. Doppler effect
Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 527
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
25. What is the polarization of an electric field if it is
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-
parallel to the earth?
Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 533
A. Vertical
B. Circular 30. Which of the following is true about the bandwidth
C. Horizontal* of the antenna?
D. Right-hand circular A. The higher the Q, the wider the bandwidth
B. The lower the frequency of operation, the
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
wider the bandwidth
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-
C. The higher the Q, the narrower the
Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 528
bandwidth*
26. When did James Clerk Maxwell wrote a book D. The higher the frequency of operation, the
predicting the existence of electromagnetic waves? narrower the bandwidth
A. 1860’s
B. 1870’s*
C. 1890’s
 Source: Principles of Electronic Communication C. The narrower the beam width, the less highly
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14- focused the signal
Antennas and Wave Propagation; page 534 D. Both A and B*

31. What is the popular and equally effective variation Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
of the conical antenna? Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas
A. Bow tie antenna* and Wave Propagation; page 545
B. Horn antenna
C. Marconi antenna
D. Yagi 36. Calculate the transmission line loss of an antenna
which has a gain of 14 dB. It is fed by an RG-8/U
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
transmission line 250 ft long whose attenuation is
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas 3.6 dB/100ft at 220 MHz. The transmitter output is
and Wave Propagation; page 535 50 W.
32. What is the measure of the antenna’s directivity? A. 10.6 W
A. Beam width* B. 6.3 W*
B. radiation pattern C. 4.2 W
C. bandwidth D. 3.3 W
D. Both B and C

Source: Principles of Electronic Communication Solution:

Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas
𝟑. 𝟔𝒅𝑩 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟔𝒅𝑩
and Wave Propagation; page 537 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒇𝒕 𝒇𝒕
33. What antenna is directional in that no signal is
radiated from or picked up from its ends?
A. omnidirectional antenna 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟔𝒅𝑩
(𝟐𝟓𝟎𝒇𝒕) = 𝟗𝒅𝑩
B. bidirectional antenna* 𝒇𝒕
C. unidirectional antenna 𝒅𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎𝒍𝒐𝒈𝑷
D. Marconi antenna
𝟗𝒅𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎𝒍𝒐𝒈𝑷
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
𝑷 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟔
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas
and Wave Propagation; page 544 𝑷𝒊𝒏 = 𝟓𝟎 𝑾

34. What is the beam width of a standard half-wave 𝑷𝒊𝒏

𝑷=
dipole? 𝑷𝒐𝒖𝒕
A. 180 degrees 𝟓𝟎
𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟔 =
B. 135 degrees 𝑷𝒐𝒖𝒕
C. 90 degrees* 𝑷𝒐𝒖𝒕 = (𝟓𝟎)(𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟔)
D. 55 degrees
𝑷𝒐𝒖𝒕 = 𝟔. 𝟑 𝑾
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas
and Wave Propagation; page 545 Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas
35. Which is true about the beam width of the
and Wave Propagation; page 553
antenna?
A. The narrower the beam width, the better the 37. Calculate the length of the impedance-matching
directivity section needed for a Q section to match a 50Ω
B. The narrower the beam width, the more highly transmitter output to a Yagi with a feed impedance
focused the signal of 172Ω. The operating frequency is 460 MHz.
 A. 0.46 ft* B. 52.6 km
B. 0.56 ft C. 55.4 km*
C. 0.75 ft D. 60.2 km
D. 0.26 ft
Solution:
Solution: 𝑫 = √𝟐𝒉𝒕 + √𝟐𝒉𝒓
𝒁𝑸 = √𝒁𝑶 𝒁𝑳 𝑫 = 𝒑𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
𝒉𝒕 = 𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒏𝒂
𝒁𝑸 = 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒅𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒉𝒓 = 𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒆𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒏𝒂
− 𝒘𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒕𝒖𝒃 𝒐𝒓 𝑸 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝑫 = √𝟐(𝟐𝟕𝟓) + √𝟐(𝟔𝟎)
𝒁𝑶 = 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒅𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆
𝒁𝑳 = 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒅𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝑫 = 𝟑𝟒. 𝟒 𝒎𝒊
𝟏. 𝟔𝟏𝒌𝒎
𝟑𝟒. 𝟒 𝒎𝒊 ( ) = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟒 𝒌𝒎
𝒁𝑸 = √(𝟓𝟎)(𝟏𝟕𝟐) = 𝟗𝟐. 𝟕𝟒Ω 𝒎𝒊
λ 𝟐𝟒𝟔 𝟐𝟒𝟔
= 𝑽𝑭 = (𝟎. 𝟖𝟔) Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
𝟒 𝒇 𝟒𝟔𝟎
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas
Note: The velocity factor of RG-62 A/U is 0.86 and Wave Propagation; page 567
𝑳 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟔 𝒇𝒕
41. What is a method that allows different pages or
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication websites to be linked?
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas A. File transfer
and Wave Propagation; page 556 B. E-commerce
C. Hypertext*
38. Which of the following states that all D. Transmitting
electromagnetic waves, light as well as radio waves, Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
radiate as spherical wave fronts from a source? Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-Internet
A. Snell’s Law Technologies; page 575
B. Huygen’s Principle*
42. What refers to doing business over the Internet,
C. Diffraction
usually buying and selling goods and services by way
D. Refraction
of the Web?
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication A. E-commerce*
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas B. Packets
and Wave Propagation; page 559 C. ISP
D. Hypertext
39. What is the combination of a receiver and a
transmitter operating on separate frequencies? Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
A. Repeater* Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-Internet
B. Amplifier Technologies; page 575
C. Attenuator
43. Which of the following types of communication is
D. Reflector
used by the Internet?
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication A. Satellites
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 14-Antennas B. Fiber-optic
and Wave Propagation; page 562 C. Coaxial
D. All of the above*
40. Calculate the maximum transmitting distance of a
275-ft-high transmitting antenna which has a gain Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
of 12 dB over a dipole. The receiving antenna, which Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-Internet
is 60ft high, has a gain of 3 dB. The transmitter Technologies; page 576
power is 100 W at 124 MHz. (There is 1.61km/mi.)
A. 46.5 km
44. Which of the following is used to locate sites on the B. Multicasting*
Web? C. Multi-connection
A. URL* D. Multiplexing
B. http Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
C. ISP Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-
D. HTML Internet Technologies; page 586

Source: Principles of Electronic Communication

Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-Internet
49. What is the connection between the servers and
Technologies; page 577
the SAN made usually by a fiber-optic network?
45. What is an error detection code that is compared to A. FC*
the FCS calculated from the received data? B. NAS
A. Two-octet FCS* C. JBOD
B. Three-octet FCS D. RAID
C. One-octet FCS
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
D. Four-Octet FCS
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-Internet
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication Technologies; page 593
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-Internet
50. What is the protocol that allows FC SANs to be
Technologies; page 578
linked by using TCP/IP with standard Ethernet
46. What is a packet-switching system for transmitting switches or routers?
data that uses very short 53-byte packets with a 48 A. iFCP*
byte data payload and a 5-byte header that B. FCIP
designates the destination as well as the type of C. iSCSI
data to be handled? D. NIC
A. SONET
Source: Principles of Electronic Communication
B. SDH
Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-Internet
C. ATM*
Technologies; page 595
D. STS

Source: Principles of Electronic Communication

Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-Internet
Technologies; page 579

47. Who determined that the maximum theoretical

capacity of a single optical fiber is 100 terabits
equivalent to 20 billion simultaneous one-page e-
mails?
A. Partha Mitra
B. Jason Stark
C. Kevin Ashton
D. Both A and B*

Source: Principles of Electronic Communication

Systems by Frenzel 3rd Ed., Chapter 15-Internet
Technologies; page 581

48. What is the ability of IP to move fast audio and

video data over the internet from a single source to
multiple destination?
A. Multitasking