Discussion

a. From Equation (4) and graph b, find the slope of the graph. Then determine Cd.

2𝑔(ℎ1 − ℎ2 ) 1
𝑄 = 𝐶𝑑 𝐴2 (ℎ1 − ℎ2 )2
√ 𝐴2 2
1 − (𝐴 )
1

𝑄 2𝑔(ℎ1 − ℎ2 ) 1
= (ℎ1 − ℎ2 )2
𝐶𝑑 𝐴2 √ 𝐴2 2
1 − (𝐴 )
1

1 1
(ℎ1 − ℎ2 )2 = (𝑄)
2𝑔(ℎ1 − ℎ2 )
𝐶𝑑 𝐴2
√ 𝐴 2
1 − (𝐴2 )
1

1
= 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ (𝑏)
2𝑔
𝐶𝑑 𝐴2
√ 𝐴 2
1 − (𝐴2 )
1

From graph (b)

𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
0.24 − 0.19
𝑚=
(0.25 − 0.19) × 10−3
𝑚 = 833.33

b. From graph c, explain the change of discharge coefficient, Cd due to flow rate Q

From the graph (c) we can see that the change of discharge coefficient is directly proportional
to the flow rate. When Q increase, Cd is also increase. The flow rate increases the water in the
venturi meter will posses a higher velocity, once the Cd is included in the practical venturi
meter to represent the loss of head along the flow of water in venturi meter. As the velocity of
the water flow in the venturi meter increase, the discharge coefficient will also increase. This
will make more head loss as the flow of water in the venturi meter become less streamlined.
c. Describe the changes of profile between measured and ideal value of Cph along venturi
meter.

For the changes of profile between both measured and ideal value of Cph from Cph =0 at
piezometer reference number A(1) to a maximum decreasing of Cph at piezometer reference
number D(2) and followed by the increasing of Cph until the piezometer reference number at
L, the measured Cph has a value of Cph = 0. In fact at both piezometer reference number
A(1) and L, they have a same Cph = 0 due to same diameter. Besides, we can also conclude
that the larger the decrease in value of Cph, the higher the velocity of water at that point. In a
short conclusion, we can say that the velocity of the fluid is increasing from piezometer
reference number A(1) and reached the maximum velocity around piezometer reference
number D(2) and decreasing in velocity until piezometer reference number L.