Food - any substance which when taken by CHEMICAL NUTRIENTS FOUND IN OUR

BODY
the body will become the body’s source of
energy.
(We eat about 500kg of food each year!)
THREE MAIN PURPOSES OF FOOD
1. Provide energy to do work.
2. Build new protoplasm for growth
and repair of worn out tissue.
3. Provide nutrients such as vitamins
to keep us healthy and to protect us
from diseases.
FOOD GROUPS
Glow Foods - foods that give us vitamins
and minerals.
Ex: Vegetables & Fruits
Go Foods - foods that give us energy and
they are rich in carbohydrates.
Ex: Grain products such as breads and
cereals
Grow Foods - foods that helps us grow
and are rich in protein.
Ex: Meat, fish, poultry, milk, cheese, yogurt,
and beans
Nutrients - these are chemical
substances in the food we eat.
EXAMPLES OF NUTRIENTS IN OUR
FOODS
Element – a substance that contains only one
kind of atom.
 CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN,
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS and
SULFUR play prominent roles in the
body.
 These make up about 98% of the
body weight of most organisms.
 CALCIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM,
MAGNESIUM and IRON are of great
importance in most organisms
Trace Elements - are present only in
minute amounts in many cells, yet may be
indispensable for the maintenance of life.
Main Nutrient - 96.00 CHNOPS
Macronutrients - 3.9
Trace Elements - .1
Atomic Symbol - one or two-letter
chemical shorthand for each element.
Compound – is a substance composed of two
or more kinds of atoms chemically combined.
Chemical bond – the electron arrangement
that holds the atoms in a compound together.
 Covalent Bond – Sharing of
electrons between two atoms.
 Ionic Bond – Transfer of an
electrons from one atom to another.

1. Carbohydrates
2. Fats
3. Proteins
4. Water
5. Vitamins
6. Minerals
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 2. Cohesion and Adhesion
- An attractive force between water
 These are compounds containing molecules is called COHESION.
carbon EXCEPT carbon monoxide, - An attractive force between water
carbon dioxide, and carbonate of salts molecules and other
and metals. substances is called ADHESION.
 These compounds are synthesized by 3. High Surface Tension - water
living cells. molecules of the surface cling tightly to
 It includes: Carbohydrates, proteins, each other.
fats or lipids, and nucleic acids. 4. High Heat Capacity – Temperatures
are stabilized.
5. High Heat Evaporation – regulating
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS body temperatures of organisms.
6. Less Dense as Ice – protects aquatic
 The compounds WITHOUT carbon, organisms so they can survive the
EXCEPT, carbon monoxide, carbon winter.
dioxide, and the carbonate of salts and
metals.
 It includes WATER, ACIDS, SALTS, VITAMINS
BASES, and GASES.
 Complex organic compounds needed by
the body in small amounts.
WATER  Help enzymes and play roles in cellular
reactions.
 Covers 71% of the Earth’s surface,  Water-soluble vitamins include: C and B
mostly seas and oceans. complex.
 Found in three different forms on Earth  Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, & K
– solid as ice, liquid as oceans & seas,
and gas as water vapor.
MINERALS
USES OF WATER
 Substances found in food that the body
 Drinking needs for growth and health.
 Household Chores  Macrominerals are minerals your body
 Dehydration needs in larger amounts. They include
calcium, phosphorus, magnesium,
 Digestion
sodium, potassium, and chloride.
 Electricity
 Trace minerals(microminerals) are
 Agriculture
needed in smaller amounts than
 Industry
major minerals such as copper, iron,
 Transportation zinc, iodine.
 Recreation
PH SCALE

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER ACID – Below 7 (6.99-0) Blue to Red

1. Universal Solvent – Dissolves NEUTRAL – 7

substances.
BASE – Above 7 (7.01-14) Red to Blue
CARBON DIOXIDE

 It is a colorless gas with faint, sharp

odor and a sour taste when dissolved in
water.
 It constitutes about 0.03 of air by
volume.
 It is produced when carbon-containing
materials burn completely.
 It is a product of fermentation and
animal respiration.
 Plants use CO2 in photosynthesis to
make carbohydrates.
 CO2 in the Earth’s atmosphere keeps
some of the Sun’s energy from radiating
back into space

OXYGEN

 This inorganic gas constitutes

approximately 21% of the atmosphere.
 It is a necessary material for
maintenance of life in most organisms,
though a few can live without it such as
the ANAEROBIC ORGANISMS.
 Used directly, without change, by both
plants and animals in the process of
extracting usable energy from nutrient
molecules in cell respiration.
 It is constantly released to the
atmosphere by photosynthetic or
autotropic organisms.