RADIO FREQUENCY REMOTE CONTROL CAR

A MINI PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by:
1) Poojan Pavagadhi (18070123092)
2) Piyush Tyagi (18070123092)
3) Prabhav (18070123094
4) Rushat Patil (18070123091)
Abstract:
This project was about to study how the wireless technology has advanced in today‟s
world. Radio frequency controlled car is one such great example which always fantasizes
the world about the exploring of the technology. Now-a-days the modern trend has made
more emphasis on performing the tasks wirelessly. This in turns leaves a greater impact
on the youth which motivates them to continue the progress and the inventions of the
technology. This project basically deals with the operation on the performance of the car
through the radio frequency signals. Transmitter at the senders end on transmitting the
signal is thereby received by the receiver which acts as an order for the driver IC to carry
out the following instructions. Any object which makes a motion wirelessly is a robot and
so this car is too a robot which acts as an artificial intelligence performing the called out
instructions. This project being on the basic level when carried out on the higher level can
do wonders if used in the correct directions for the betterment of the nation and humanity.
Radio frequency remote control car:
Radio frequency controlled car is basically divided into two parts i.e. transmitter and the
receiver. Radio frequency remote consists of transmitter at the transmitter end and a
receiver at the receiver end connected, which is connected to a remote circuit that is to be
controlled. A control signal is transferred from transmitter end in the form of
electromagnetic waves or radio waves such that to control the device remotely, which is
connected to the receiver end. This control signal is transmitted using electromagnetic
waves or radio waves of radio frequency. Thus, the control signal received at the receiver
end can be used to control. Radio frequency controlled robotic vehicle is designed using a
robotic vehicle that is interfaced with radio frequency remote control. RF transmitter is
used by control panel or controlling person and RF receiver is connected to the robotic
vehicle that is to be controlled remotely. Radio frequency remote control works over an
adequate range by facilitating with proper antenna.
Block diagram:

The above shown figure is the block diagram of the entire radio frequency controlled car.
Here we are using an ASK transmitter receiver module. Remote which is having a
transmitter is used to transmit the signal from one point to another. There are controlling
switches used which are used pinpoint which way the car should take a turn and move.
The supply when applied to the switches it gives to the encoder which encodes the signal
.this encoded signal is then sent to the RF-Tx transmitter which is used to perform the
task of transmitting the signal from one end to the receiver. The antenna is attached on
both the modules which acts as a source to catch and transmit the signals. The signal
which is transmitted by the transmitter is caught by the receiver in the receiving section
with the help of the antenna. This signal is then sent to the decoder IC .The decoder sends
the signal to the motor driver which then ultimately drives the motor connected to it.
Applications:
1. Radio waves have the longest wavelength among the EM waves: from a few
centimetres to several hundred metres.
2. Radio waves are produced by electric current oscillating in electric circuit containing a
coil and a capacitor
3. They are used radio and television communication.
4. Radio waves act as carrier waves for the audio signals and video signals. The
advantage is that the radio signals travel at a speed of 3.0*10^8 m/s.
The process of combining audio and video signal is known as modulation.
Television transmission uses very high frequency (VHF) or ultra-high frequency (UHF)
radio frequency.
Components used:
1) DC Motor - 2
2) HT12D - 1
3) HT12E - 1
4) RF Pair - 1
5) Motor Driver L293D - 1
6) 9 Volt Battery - 3
7) Battery Connector - 3
8) Connecting wires
9) Robot Chasis - 1
10) 7805 - 2
11) 750K resistor - 1
12) 33K resistor - 1
13) 1K Resistor - 1
14) PCB
 Circuit schematic diagram:
Circuit diagram for RF transmitter circuit:

Circuit diagram for RF receiver:

Working:

RF controlled robot move according to button pressed at Transmitter.

Button Pressed at Transmitter Moving Direction of Robot
First (1) Left
Second (2) Right
First and Second (1 & 2) Forward
Third and Fourth (3 & 4) Backward
No Button Pressed Stop

When we press first button (1 mention on circuit and hardware) robot start to moving left side
and moving continues until the button is released.
When we press second button at transmitter, robot start moving in right side until button is
released.
When we press first and second button at the same time, Robot start moving in forward
direction until push buttons are released.
When we press third and fourth button at the same time, robot start moving in
backward direction and keep going until push buttons are released.
And when no push Button is pressed, robot stops.

Advantanges of RF controlled robot:

 Since, the communication in RF Controlled Robot is based on RF Technology, there is

no need for line of sight communication and hence this types of robots can be used in
Defense, Surveying, Mining and other similar applications.
 The range of communication between the RF Transmitter and Receiver can be
stretched to more than 50 Meters with the use of appropriate antenna.
 There is no microcontroller in the project and hence can be implemented with out any
requirement of programming knowledge.

Disadvantages:

 We need to press more than one button at the same time for certain operations of the
robot.
 The distance between the transmitter and receiver is limited in indoor conditions.
Testing and validation:
Placing the components on breadboard:

Breadboard testing:
Image of PCB:
Conclusion:
A transmitter on the one side sends the radio signals to the receiver end. The antenna on both
the side of the module are used as a help to catch the signals which are been transmitted
through the transmitter. The receivers on receiving the signal with the help of the decoder
decode the signal and are transmitted to the motor driver IC. The motors which are connected
to the driver IC on getting the logic signals turns on and gives the direction to the car.
Future scope:
Radio frequency which helps in the communication of the information has increased its value
for the use of the same in future. With the advancement of technology in the radio frequency
a gesture control robot is one of the finest projects which can be worked upon. Herein the
gestures gives out by the person are sensed by the RF module which performs the task as
shown by the gestures.