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For Microsoft Office Excel 2007, visit the Office Online Excel 2007 Help and How-to Web page (http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/excel/FX100646951033.aspx?
CTT=96"&"Origin=CL100570551033) .
This step-by-step article describes how to use the built-in date and time functions in Microsoft Excel to perform complex date
and time calculations.
Excel stores all dates as integers and all times as decimal fractions. With this system, Excel can add, subtract, or compare dates and times just like any other
numbers, and all dates are manipulated by using this system.
In this system, the serial number 1 represents 1/1/1900 12:00:00 a.m. Times are stored as decimal numbers between .0 and .99999, where .0 is 00:00:00
and .99999 is 23:59:59. The date integers and time decimal fractions can be combined to create numbers that have a decimal and an integer portion. For
example, the number 32331.06 represents the date and time 7/7/1988 1:26:24 a.m.
To help you perform complex date and time calculations, Excel includes many built-in date and time functions.
For example, if you sort a series of dates that are displayed in the mmmm date format (so that only the month is displayed), the months are not sorted
alphabetically. Instead, the dates are sorted based on their underlying date serial number.
For example, when you use the NOW function to compare a date with the current date, as in the formula
the formula returns FALSE, even if the current date is 10/1/92; it returns TRUE only when the date is 10/1/92 12:00:00 a.m. If you are comparing two dates in a
formula, and you do not have to have the time included in the result, you can work around this behavior by using the TODAY function instead:
How to Find the Number of Days Between Today and a Future Date
To find the number of days between now and a date sometime in the future, use the following formula
where "mm/dd/yy" is the future date. Use the General format to format the cell that contains the formula.
How to Find the Number of Days, Months, and Years Between Two Dates
To calculate the number of days, months, and years between two dates, where the start and end dates are entered in cells A1 and A2 respectively, follow these
steps:
This formula can also be broken down into individual segments of days, months, and years as follows.
Note If you copy and paste these formulas, make sure that there are no line breaks or the formulas will not work.
Note In the earlier formulas, &" days", &" months", and &" years" are optional. These allow you to distinguish the results as days, months, and years.
Note If you see #NAME as the result, click Add-Ins on the Tools menu. Click to select the Analysis ToolPak check box, and then click Yes if you are
prompted as to whether you want to install it.
In the following example, if cells C2 and D2 contain the formula =B2-A2, and cell C2 is formatted in the General format, the cell displays a decimal number (in
this case, 0.53125, the serial number representation of 12 hours and 45 minutes).
If midnight falls between your start time and end time, you must account for the 24-hour time difference. You can do this by adding the number 1, which
represents one 24-hour period. For example, you might set up the following table, which allows for time spans beyond midnight.
To set up this table, type the following formula in cells C2 and D2:
where Time is the number that you want to convert from a time format to a decimal number; this number can be a cell reference or a string of numbers in the
TIMEVALUE function.
For example, if cell A1 contains a time of "4:30" to represent four hours and 30 minutes, the formula is:
If the cell contains both a date and a time, use the following formula:
For example, if cell A1 reads "6/20/96 4:30 AM", the formula is:
where Time is the number that you want to convert from a decimal number to a date serial number and can be a cell reference or a real number. For example, if
you have a value of 4.5 to represent four hours and 30 minutes in cell A1, the formula is:
How to Transfer Files Between Microsoft Excel for Mac and Excel for Windows
By default, Excel for Mac uses the 1904 date system and Excel for Windows uses the 1900 date system. This means that when you type the serial number 1 in
Excel for Mac and format it as a date, Excel displays it as 1/2/1904 12:00 a.m. Excel for Windows displays the serial number 1 as 1/1/1900 12:00 a.m.
If you transfer files from Excel for Mac to Excel for Windows, this difference in the date systems should not cause a problem, because the date system is stored in
each file. However, if you copy and paste between files with different date systems that originated on different platforms, dates may be displayed four years and
one day away from their correct date.
To change to the 1904 date system in Excel for Windows, follow these steps:
To change to the 1904 date system in Excel for Mac, follow these steps:
For more information, click the following article numbers to view the articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base: 214233
(http://support.microsoft.com/kb/214233/ ) Text or number converted to unintended number format in Excel 214386 (http://support.microsoft.com/
kb/214386/ ) Maximum times in Microsoft Excel 241072 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/241072/ ) Dates and times displayed as serial numbers when
viewing formulas in Excel 264372 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/264372/ ) How to control and understand settings in the Format Cells dialog box in
Excel
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