Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
by
Benny Lewis
About the author............................................................................................ 5
Table of contents
Introduction.................................................................................................... 6
Having the right learning approach.............................................................8
Make mistakes!...............................................................................................10
A positive attitude is the key ….............…....................................................12
Resources......................................................................................................49
Grammar........................................................................................................50
Vocabulary.....................................................................................................52
Conclusion….............…..................................................................................54
• Over 90% of all feminine nouns have the plural (-en)/(-n), e.g. Arbeit(en), Regel(n),
Studentin(nen) [last n gets doubled for -in ending nouns]
• About a quarter of feminine monosyllables have a plural in (¨e), e.g. Hand/Hände,
Nacht/Nächte, Stadt/Städte, etc.
• About three quarters of neuter nouns have the plural (-e), e.g. Bein(e), Jahr(e)
• Slightly less than a quarter of neuter nouns have the plural (¨er)/(-er). The Umlaut is
used if possible and the majority are either monosyllabic e.g. Dorf/Dörfer, Kind/Kinder or start
with Ge: Gesicht(er), Gehalt(er), Geschlecht(er)
• Neuter nouns ending in -el, -en, -er (note that this is the same as for masculine),
diminutives in -chen, -lein and words in Ge...e have the same plural as the singular form, e.g.
Mädchen, Gebäude, Messer, Kissen
• (-s) is used with many recent loan-words from English or French: Chef(s), Hotel(s),
Restaurant(s), Team(s), Tunnel(s), for abbreviations like LKW(s) and for most words ending in
a vowel other than unstressed -e: Auto(s), Genie(s)
Ideally, you would learn the proper plural of nouns as you come across them, but since this
may not be practical if your priority is as much communication as possible in a short time,
you will, once again, be better off guessing.
Learning off precise plurals should also be low priority when compared to learning new
vocabulary or more important aspects of grammar.
This is another situation where I can confirm from personal experience that Germans
understand you totally fine if you get the wrong plural. If a beginner English learner said
that he saw six mouses, it would sound weird but you would understand it no problem.
In an academic examination you will lose points for writing down the wrong plural, however
with human beings you will gain points for actually saying something, rather than keeping
your mouth shut for fear of saying it wrong.
Based on the statistics above, you actually have a pretty decent chance at guessing the
correct plural! The most common ending is (-e), so try this first. If the singular already ends in
-e, it is slightly more likely to be feminine so add an (-n).
Use this rule of thumb first, then try to learn the above list, and finally get feedback from
natives and read more and you will quickly see the exceptions.
As always, this is not a perfect solution, but saying a word in what sounds like plural will get
you further. The context and use of numbers or die (genderless plural article; even though it's
the same as the feminine article) will make it much clearer that you mean plural.
- Benny Lewis