TOPIC – LPG GAS SENSOR

Submitted to:- Submitted by:-

N.P. Gupta Sir • Madhav Dangra
• Himanshu Kumar
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to
my teacher N.P GUPTA as well as our chairman sir
PRAVEEN THAKRAL who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic LPG
GAS LEAKAGE SENSOR , which also helped me in doing
a lot of Research and i came to know about so many new
things I am really thankful to them.Secondly i would also
like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot
in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.
INDEX
 INTRODUCTION
 BASIC PRINCIPLE
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED
 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 WORKING
 ADVANTAGES
 CONCLUSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
A gas detector is a device which detects the presence of
various gases within an area, usually as part of a safety
system. This type of equipment is used to detect a gas
leak and interface with a control system so a process can
be automatically shut down. A gas detector can also
sound an alarm to operators in the area where the leak is
occurring, giving them the opportunity to leave the area.
This type of device is important because there are many
gases that can be harmful to organic life, such as humans
or animals. Gas detectors can be used to detect
combustible, flammable and toxic gases, and oxygen
depletion.
Gas detectors are usually battery operated. They transmit
warnings via a series of audible and visible signals such
as alarms and flashing lights, when dangerous levels of
gas vapors are detected. As detectors measure a gas
concentration, the sensor responds to a calibration gas,
which serves as the reference point or scale. As a
sensor’s detection exceeds a preset alarm level, the alarm
or signal will be activated. As units, gas detectors are
produced as portable or stationary devices. Originally,
detectors were produced to detect a single gas, but
modern units may detect several toxic or combustible
gases, or even a combination of both types
BASIC PRINCIPLE
This circuit uses a popular OP AMP. I.C LM 358. I.C
LM358 is connected as comparator with pin-8
connected with positive rail, the output goes high(1) when
the trigger pin 3 is at lower then voltage level at pin no 2.
Conversely the output goes low (0) when it is above pin no
2 level.So small change in the voltage of pin-2 is
enough to change the level of output (pin-1) from 1 to 0
and 0 to 1. The output has only two states high and low
and can not remain in any intermediate stage. It is
powered by a 12V power supply. The circuit is economic
in power consumption.Pin 4 is ground and pin 8 is
connected to the positive supply and pin 1 is grounded.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

GAS VOLTAGE
AMPLIFIER
SENSOR COMPARATOR

ALARM
COMPONENTS REQUIRED
 MQ-6 Semiconductor sensor for LPG
 L.E.D
 Variable Resistance
 P.C.B (Printed Circuit Board)
 Driving Relay
 LM 358
COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
 MQ-6 Sensor :- Sensitive material of MQ-6 gas sensor
is SnO2, which with lower conductivity in clean air.
When the target combustible gas exist, The sensor’s
conductivity is more higher along with the gas
concentration rising. Please use simple electrocircuit,
Convert change of conductivity to correspond output
signal of gas concentration. MQ-6 gas sensor has high
sensitity to Propane, Butane and LPG, also response
to Natural gas.
 L.E.D :- A diode is a component that only allows
electricity to flow one way. It can be thought as a sort of
one way street for electrons. Because of this
characteristic, dioded are used to transform or rectify
AC voltage into a DC voltage. Diodes have two
connections, an anode and a cathode. The cathode is
the end on the schematic with the point of the triangle
pointing towards a line. In other words, the triangle
points toward that cathode. The anode is, of course,
the opposite end. Current flows from the anode to the
cathode. Light emitting diodes, or LEDs, differ from
regular diodes in that when a voltage is applied, they
emit light. LEDs are used as indicators, transmitters,
etc. Most likely, a LED will never burn out like a regular
lamp will and requires many times less current.
 Variable Resistance :- (Potentiometer) Resistors are
one of the most common electronic components. A
resistor is a device that limits, or resists current. The
current limiting ability or resistance is measured in
ohms, represented by the Greek symbol Omega.

 P.C.B :- (Printed Circuit Board) with the help of P.C.B it

is easy to assemble circuit with neat and clean end
products. P.C.B is made of bakelite with surface pasted
with copper track-layout. For each components leg,
hole is made. Connection pin is passed through the
hole and is soldered.
 Driving Relay :- Using the outputs of the lm358
decoder ICs to drive relays is quite simple. Here are
schematics showing how to drive relays directly from
the data-output pins of the decoder.Another option for
driving relays would be to use a high-voltage, high-
current, transistor bc547 can directly interface to the
data outputs of the IC lm 358, and provides much
higher drive-current. When base signal is high then
relay is ON when low then relay turn OFF.
 LM358 :- These devices consist of two independent,
high-gain frequency-compensated operational
amplifiers designed to operate from a single supply
over a wide range of voltages The LM358 series
consists of two independent, high gain, internally
frequency compensated operational amplifiers which
were designed specifically to operate from a single
power supply over a wide range of voltages.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WORKING
 When gas across the mq-6 then its voltage is increases
which results in increase of the voltage at pin 3 of the IC 358.
IC 358has got comparator inbuilt, which compares between
the input voltage from pin2 and 3rd of the power(via pot
resistance) supply voltage. When input falls below 1/3rd then
output is set high otherwise it is set low. Since in brightness,
input voltage rises so we obtain no positive voltage at output
of pin 1 to drive relay or LED, besides in poor light condition
we get output to energize.
 The out put of relay connected with any machine which is
operated gate or door automatically when relay ON /OFF.
 Relay connected to pin no.1 of lm358 ic via bc547 transistor
ADVANTAGES
 Home Application
 Industrial use
 Restaurants
 Hospitals
 Gas Refill Station
CONCLUSION

So, we sum up our presentation by seeking out the

positive effect of this system by implementing it in
houses, restaurants and other places by making it
hazard free
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 ELECTRONICS PROJECTS VOL 8 (THIRD EDITION)
 ELECTRONICS FOR YOU
 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS DESIGN AND
TECHNOLOGY (WALTER C. BOSSHART)
 www.electronics.com
 www.electronicforyou.com
 www.electronicprojets.com