2018

(July-Dec.)

Student Manual
of
B.E.V Semester

Class Coordinator

Prof. Sumint Singh Trivedia

Department of Chemical Engineering

Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior
(An autonomous Institute under RGPV, Bhopal)
 Contents

1. Time table

2. Academic Calendar

3. Scheme

4. Syllabus

5. Lecture Plan

6. Tutorial

7. Question Papers
Syllabus
 Fluidization Engineering (BCHL501)

Elective –I

Course Objective:

To learn the fluidization phenomena, industrial applications of fluidized beds and their
operational and design aspects.

Unit:-I Introduction and applications: Introduction to fluidised bed systems. Fundamentals of

fluidisation. Industrial applications of fluidised beds - Physical operations. Synthesis reactions,
cracking and reforming of hydrocarbons, Gasification, Carbonisation, Gas-solid reactions,
calcining and clinkering.

Unit:-II Gross behaviour of Fluidised beds: Gross behaviour of fluidised beds. Minimum and
terminal velocities in fluidised beds. Types of fluidisation. Design of distributors. Voidage in
fluidised beds. TDH, variation in size distribution with height, viscosity and fluidity of fluidised
beds, Power consumption.

Unit:-III Analysis of bubble and emulsion Phase: Davidson’s model, Frequency measurements,
bubbles in ordinary bubbling bed model for bubble phase. Emulsion phase: Experimental
findings. Turnover rate of solids. Bubbling bed model for emulsion phase Interchange co-
efficients.

Unit:-IV Flow pattern of Gas and heat & mass transfer in Fluidised beds: Flow pattern of gas
through fluidised beds. Experimental findings. The bubbling bed model for gas inter change
Interpretation of Gas mixing data. Heat and Mass Transfer between fluid and solid: Experiment
findings on Heat and Mass Transfer. Heat and mass transfer rates from bubbling bed model.

Unit:-V Heat transfer between Fluidised beds and surfaces - Entrainment & Elutriation: Heat
transfer between fluidised beds and surfaces: Experiment finding theories of bed heat transfer
comparison of theories. Entrainment of or above TDH, model for Entrainment and application of
the entrainment model to elutriation.

After the completion of this course, Student will be able to:

CO1 Explain the basics of fluidization

CO2 Describe the various industrial application of fluidization
CO3 Explain the various fluidization regimes, classification of particles
CO4 Analysis Heat and Mass Transfer between fluid and solid
CO5 Estimate Voidage, TDH, size distribution with height, viscosity, fluidity
CO6 To evaluate Heat transfer coefficients in fluidized beds
Suggested Reading:-

1. J.F. Davidson, R. Clift & D. Harrison, “Fluidization”, 2nd Edn., Academic Press, 1985

2. D. Kunii and O. Levenspiel, "Fluidisation Engineering", 2nd Edn., Butterworth Heinemann,

1991

3. W.L. Mc Cabe, Smith & Harriott, Ünit Operations in Chemical Engineering”, 5th Edn., Mc.
Graw Hill
 ORGANIC PROCESS TECHNOLOGY (BCHL503)

Course Objectives : The purpose of the organic process technology course is to improve
knowledge of the chemical processes along with emphasis on recent technological development.

Unit-I : Pulp and paper industry-Raw Materials, types of pulp and its preparation,
Manufacturing of paper, Agro based industries,Fementation industry, Alcohol by fermentation,
Citric acid and Antibiotic like Penicillin.

Unit-II: Intermediates for petrochemical from petroleum based stocks, phenol, methanol,
ethylene propylene , aromatic , toluene and xylene, polymer industries.

Unit-III: Preparation, manufacturing and properties of Fats and oil, manmade fiber; rayon,
polyester polyamides and acrylics, cellulose and acetate, Rubber industries, Soap and detergent.
Insecticides and pesticides, Dyes and dyes intermediate.

Unit-IV: Carbon Technology: Introduction, Classification of activated carbons, raw materials

and manufacture of activated carbons, classification of carbon fibers, precursors for carbon
fibers, manufacture of carbon fibers from polyacrylonitrile, manufacture of carbon black by
furnace black process, applications.

Unit-V: Nanotechnology: Introduction, properties of nano particles like optical properties,

reactivity, synthesis: Introduction, Structure and properties of carbon nano tubes and fabrication
of carbon nanotubes applications.

After the completion of this course, Student will be able to:

CO1 To develop and illustrate the flow sheets for various Chemical Processes.
CO2 To describe technological aspects in manufacturing of chemical products.
CO3 To explain engineering and environmental problems of various chemical industries.
CO4 To explain manufacturing and application of intermediate products for petrochemical.
CO5 To illustrate the applications of Carbon Technology.
CO6 To discuss manufacturing of Nano materials and applications of Nanotechnology.
Suggested Reading:

V.B. Gupta& V.K. Kathari-Manufacturing Fiber Technology-Chapman Hall , Newyork I edition

1997.

V.K. Kathari-Process in Textile, science Technology, Vol –I & II –IAFL publication, S-351
Greater LKalaish part-I New Delhi.-48 ed.

Austinn, G.T. Shree Chemical Process Industries -5th edition Mc Graw Hill New York 1984.

Dryden C.E., Outlines of chemical technology-3rd edition AFFILIATED East – West Press , New
Delhi, 1997.
 MASS TRANSFER-II (BCHL504)

Objectives: To teach the students different separation techniques. At the end of the study
students will come to know the design of a distillation column , as well as design of a adsorber
and calculations involved in liquid liquid extraction and solid liquid extraction .

Unit-I Fundamentals of Mass Transfer & Leaching: Analogies in transfer process.

Determination of mass transfer coefficient: two phase in packed beds, co- current and counter
current processes. Flooding, loading column internals: types of trays /plates and packing, point
and plate efficiency

Leaching: solid liquid equilibrium, equipment, principal of leaching, concurrent and counter
current system and calculation of number of stage required, equipments.

Unit-II Distillation: Vapor liquid Equilibria ,Boiling point diagram, Relative Volatility, Flash
and differential distillation for two component mixture, steam distillation, azeotropic distillation,
extractive distillation.

Unit–III Continuous and Differential Contact Distillation: Rectification, reflux ratio,

Calculation of numbers of plates by NTU, optimum reflux ratio , open steam , multiple feed and
multiple product calculations, Enthalpy concentration diagram, Panchon-Savarit method for
calculation of number of theoretical plates. Approximate equation; Fensky and underwood
equation for minimum reflux and minimum numbers of plate calculation. Polarison oililand
method for actual numbers of plate calculation, Batch distillation.

Unit- IV Liquid – Liquid Extraction: Liquid equilibrium and ponchon – savarit method, Mc –
Cabe Thiele method, packed and spray column ,conjugate curve and tie line data, plat , point,
ternary liquid- liquid extraction, operation and design of extraction towers analytical and
graphical solution of single and multi stage operation in extraction, Co –current and counter
current system.

Unit-V Adsorption: Adsorption theories, types of adsorbent: activated carbon, silica and
molecular sieves, Batch and column adsorption. Break through curves, Liquid percolation and
gas adsorption, BDST models for adsorption calculation.

After the completion of this course, Student will be able to:

CO1 Explain Analogies in transfer process

CO2 To evaluate mass transfer coefficient
CO3 Explain of various type of Distillations column
CO4 Design calculation of distillations column
CO5 Explain different types of Liquid-Liquid Extraction separations and derive the equations for the same
CO6 Identify the separation by Adsorption
Suggested References:

1. Mc – Cabe W.L. Smit J.M. – Unit Operation in Chemical Engineering 3rd Edition, Tata Mc-
Graw Hill.

2. Coulson J.M. Richardson J.F. -Chemical Engineering – Vol.2, 2nd Edition .

3. Treybal R.E. – Mass Transfer Operation – 3rd Edition , Mc- Graw Hill.

4. Shrewood ,T.K. Pigford R.L. and Wilke. C.R. – Mass Transfer – 3rd Edition Mc- Graw

List of Experiments:

1. To study the flooding and loading of packed columns using difference type of packing .

2. To study difference type of plate and packing.

3. To prepare the vapor Liquid equilibrium and Boiling point diagram for a binary liquid mixture.

4. Determination of Relative volatility of a given system of acetic acids water.

5. To verify Rayliegh equation for differential distillation of binary system.

6. To carry out the steam distillation.

7. To study Batch distillation

8. To study continuous distillation

9. Studies on packed tower distillation unit.

10. Studies on the sieve plate distillation unit.

11. Studies on bubble cap distillation column.

12. To study the adsorption of a gas in a packed column and calculation of NTU and HTU.

13. To perform batch adsorption and verify Freundich law and Langmuir isotherm.

14. Studies on solid –liquid extraction column.

Note: Each student should perform at least eight experiments out of the above list.
 CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING –I (BCHL505)

Course Objectives: To apply knowledge from calculus, differential equations, thermodynamics,

general chemistry, and material and energy balances to solve reactor design problems, To
examine reaction rate data to determine rate laws, and to use them to design chemical reactors,
To simulate several types of reactors in order to choose the most appropriate reactor for a given
need, To design chemical reactors with associated cooling/heating equipment.

Unit – I Classification of reactions, Definition of reaction rate, Variable effecting the rate,
Concept of reaction equilibria , order of reaction and its determination, theoretical study of
reaction rate, collision and activated complex theory, mechanism of reaction series ,parallel or
consecutive reactions, autocatalytic reactions , chain reaction, polymerization reactions.

Unit-II Interpretation of kinetic data, integral and differential method of analysis, variable
volume reactions, total pressure method of kinetic analysis.

Unit-III Classification of reactors: Concept of ideality .Development of design Equation for

batch, semi batch, tubular and stirrer tank reactor, Design of isothermal and non isothermal
batch, CSTR, PFR reactors. Combination of reactors, reactors with recycles Yield and selectivity
in multiple reactions.

Unit-IV Multiple reactions in batch, continuous stirrer and plug flow reactors uniqueness of
steady state in continuous stirred tank reactor, optimum temperature progression, thermal
characteristics of reactors.

Unit- V Non ideal reaction, RTD dispersion model, Tank and Series model, recycle model,
segregated flow in mixed models, evaluation of RTD characteristics.

After the completion of this course, Student will be able to:

CO1 Tell the basic concepts in the analysis of homogenous system & Relate deviation from ideal
behavior.
CO2 Explain & Propose the different steps in reaction mechanisms and identify the Rate-
determining step.
CO3 Develop Batch, CSTR, and PFR performance equations from general material balances.
CO4 Analyze Non-Isothermal operation in industrial Reactors
CO5 Determine conversion, selectivity & yield for Multiple chemical reactions.
CO6 Discuss the Non-Ideal Behavior for any flow reactor.
List of Experiments:

1. To determine the velocity rate constant of the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate by sodium hydroxide.
2. To study the rate constant of hydrolysis of an ester –catalyzed by acid.
3. Determine the rate constant and order of reaction between potassium per sulfate and potassium
iodide.
4. To study temperature dependency of rate constant evaluation of activation energy and
verification of Arrhenius law.
5. To study the consecutive reaction system (hydraulic model).
6. To study a parallel reaction system (hydraulic model).
7. To study a homogeneous reaction in semi- batch reactor under isothermal conditions.
8. Study of non catalytic homogeneous saponification in CSTR.
9. To study a non catalytic homogeneous reaction in a plug flow reactor.
10. To study the residence time distribution behavior of batch mix- reactor.
11. To study the RTD behavior of tubular reactor.
12. To study the RTD behavior of packed bed reactor.
13. To study the behavior of continuous flow reactor system-three reactor in series.
14. To study the kinetic of thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate.
15. To study a homogeneous catalytic reaction in a batch reactor under adiabatic conditions.
16. Study of catalytic saponification reaction in a tubular flow reactor.
Note: Each student should perform at least eight experiments out of the above list.
Suggested Reading:
1. Chemical Reaction Kinetics By J.M. Smith (3rd Edition Mc Graw Hill )
2. Chemical Reaction Theory an Introduction By K.G. Denbigh & K.G. Turner (2 nd Edition
United Press & ELBS 1972)
3. Chemical Kinetic and Reactor Engineering By G. Copper & GVJ jeffery`s (Prentice Hall
1972)
4. Chemical reaction engineering By O.Levenspiel (2nd Edition Willey Eastern, Singapore)
5. Chemical process Principal Part-III By Houghen Watsn & Ragatz [Kinetics & catalysis (2 nd
Edition asian publication House Bombay)]
6. Element of Chemical Reaction Engineering By Fogler ,H.S. (2 nd edition Prentice Hall of India
Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi 1999)
COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN CHEMICAL ENGG. (BCHL506)

Course Objectives:
• To get exposed to finite differences and interpolation
• To be thorough with the numerical differentiation and integration
• To find numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations and unsteady state heat and mass
transfer problems.
• To find numerical solutions of partial differential equations

Unit-I Treatment of engineering data – Graphical representation. Empirical equation,

Interpolation, Newton’s formula, Lagrange’s Interpolation formula, Extrapolation, Integration,
Graphical integration, Graphical construction of integral curves, numerical integration.

Unit-II Interpretation of Engineering data – Significant figure, classification of measurements,

Propagation of error , Variation and distribution of random errors, Properties of variance ,
Confidence limit for small samples.

Unit-III Ordinary different Equation- Formulation, Application of law of conservation of mass-

mixing in flow process. Classification of ordinary differential equations and its application of
common chemical engineering problems.

Unit-IV Numerical solution ordinary different equations- Liner second order equation with
variable coefficients, Numerical solution by Runge- Kutte method .Its application to higher –
order equations.

Unit-V Formulation of partial different Equations- Finite difference, linear finite difference
equations, non linear difference equations. Optimization, types and methods, its application
related to chemical processes.

After the completion of this course, Student will be able to:

CO1 Explain& solve mathematical problems as applied to Chemical Engineering.

CO2 Interpret the engineering data&list the features of different numerical methods.
CO3 Illustrate the use of numerical methods in Chemical Engineering scenario.
CO4 Outline the scope of optimization in chemical processes & use of numerical solution of the
ODEs.
CO5 Simplify the solution of engineering problems using ordinary differential equations.
CO6 Develop PDEs & ODEs in various physico-chemical systems.
List of Experiments:

1. Data representation and treatment by graphical methods, Pressure, Volume, Temperature and
concentration relationship for gases and their mixtures.

2. Integrated methods of data processing, Integral functions and their Graphical representation.

3. Estimation of properties from empirical correlations (Nokay).

4. Estimation of critical properties from group contribution method.

5. Redlich- Kwong equationof state and other Virial equations to estimate thermodynamic
properties like compressibility factor, molar volume and P-V-T relationship.

6. To study the effect of liquid viscosity and dissolved gases on pump efficiency, reciprocating
pump performance.

7. Measurement errors their propagation and minimization of random, errors , selection of

confidence limits.

8. Mass balance problem using continuity equation applied to a dynamic system. Formation of
differential equations (component balance) and their solution & examples – CSTR and flow
through pipes.

9. Numerical solution of batch reactor problems. Euler Algorithm.

10. Runge- kutta algorithm and its application in chemical engineering .Implicit and explicit
calculations. Problems related to effect design . optimum liquid concentration.

11. Transient flow of fluid unsteady temperatures and varying concentration problem and use of
partial differential equation to solve them.

Note: Each student should perform at least eight experiments out of the above list.

Suggested Reading:

1. Mickley, H.S. Sherwood , T.S. Reed- Applied Mathematics in Chemical Engineering- Tata Mc
graw Hill publication.

2. Jenson and Jeffrey’s – Mathematical Methods in Chemical Engineering.

3. S. K. Gupta – Numerical Methods for Engineers, 3rd Edn., New Academic Press.
 CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY LAB (BCHP507)
List of Experiments:

To determine BOD & COD for given waste water sample.

Preparation of acetic acid from ethyl accohol.

To find out the sucrose content in aqueous solution by polarimeter.

To evaluate the viscosity of molasses.

To determine the percentage of formaldehyde in the formalene.

To determined iodine value of the given oil sample.

To determine the acetic acid , ethanol concentration in aqueous solutions.

To prepare azodye and finding the yield.

Prepare a standard phenol solution and estimate the % of phenol in the given unknown sample
of phenol.

To prepare urea formaldehyde resin and report % conversion.

To determine total dissolved and suspended solids in water and waste water

To determine turbidity in water and waste water

To determine hardness of water

Note:- Each student should perform at least eight experiments out of the above list.
LECTURE PLAN
 Fluidization Engineering (BCHL-501)

LECTURE LECTURE DESCRIPTION

NUMBER
1. Introduction to fluidized bed system
2. Fundamentals of fluidization and related topics
3. Industrial applications of fluidized beds and physical reactions
4. Study of synthesis reactions
5. Cracking and reforming of hydrocarbons
6. Gasification and carbonisation
7. Study on gas solid reactions
8. Calcination and clinkering in a fluidized bed
9. Gross behavior of fluidized beds
10. Minimum and terminal velocities in fluidized beds
11. Types of fluidization and detailed discussion
12. Design of distributers in a fluidized bed
13. Voidage in fluidized beds
14. Servo and regulator problems
15. Concepts of TDH in a fluidized bed
16. Variation in size distributions with height, viscosity and fluidity of
fluidised beds
17. Power consumption in fluidisation
18. Analysis of bubble and emulsion phase
19. Study of Davidson’s model
20. Study of frequency measurements
21. Bubbles in ordinary bubbling bed model for bubble phase
22. Experimental findings in emulsion phase
23. Turn over rate of solids
24. Bubbling bed model for emulsion phase
25. Flow pattern of gas through fluidised bed
26. Heat and mass transfer through fluidised bed
27. Interpretation of gas mixing data
28. Bubbling bed model for gas interchange
29. Experiment findings on heat and mass transfer
30. Heat and mass transfer through bubbling bed
31. Heat transfer between fluidised beds and surface
32. Concepts of Entrainment and Elutriation
33. Experimental findings theories of bed heat transfer
34. Comparison of theories in fluidisation
35. Entrainment of or above TDH
36. Model for entrainment in fluidised bed
37. Applications of the entrainment model to elutriation
38. Discussion on doubts and queries
39. Discussion on doubts and queries
40. Discussion on doubts and queries
 Organic Process Technology (BCHL-503)

S.No. Topics No. of Lecture

Unit I
1 Pulp and paper industry-Raw Materials, types of pulp and its 2
preparation, Manufacturing of paper
2 Agro based industries,Fementation industry 2
3 Alcohol by fermentation, Citric acid 2
4 Antibiotic like Penicillin 2
Unit II
5 Intermediates for petrochemical from petroleum based stocks, phenol 2
6 methanol, ethylene propylene 2
7 aromatic , toluene and xylene, polymer industries 6
Unit III
8 Preparation, manufacturing and properties of Fats and oil, 2
9 manmade fiber; rayon, polyester polyamides and acrylics, cellulose and 2
acetate
10 Rubber industries, Soap and detergent 3
11 Insecticides and pesticides, Dyes and dyes intermediate 3
Unit IV
12 Carbon Technology: Introduction, Classification of activated carbons, 2
raw materials and manufacture of activated carbons
13 classification of carbon fibers, precursors for carbon fibers 2
14 manufacture of carbon fibers from polyacrylonitrile, manufacture of 2
carbon black by furnace black process, applications
Unit V
15 Nanotechnology: Introduction, properties of nano particles like optical 2
properties, reactivity, synthesis
16 Introduction, Structure and properties of carbon nano tubes 2
17 Fabrication of carbon nanotubes applications. 2
Suggested Reading:

V.B. Gupta& V.K. Kathari-Manufacturing Fiber Technology-Chapman Hall , Newyork I edition

1997.
V.K. Kathari-Process in Textile, science Technology, Vol –I & II –IAFL publication, S-351
Greater LKalaish part-I New Delhi.-48 ed.
Austinn, G.T. Shree Chemical Process Industries -5th edition Mc Graw Hill New York 1984.
Dryden C.E., Outlines of chemical technology-3rd edition AFFILIATED East – West Press , New
Delhi, 1997.
 MASS TRANSFER-II (BCHL504)

Lecture
No: Unit-I
01-02 Fundamentals of Mass Transfer & Leaching: Analogies in transfer process.
03-04 Determination of mass transfer coefficient: two phase in packed beds, co- current and
counter current processes.
05-06 Flooding, loading column internals: types of trays /plates and packing, point and plate
efficiency
07-08 Leaching: solid liquid equilibrium, equipment, principal of leaching, concurrent and
counter current system and
08-09 Calculation of number of stage required, equipments.
10-11 Distillation: Vapor liquid Equilibrium,
12-13 Boiling point diagram, Relative Volatility,
14-15 Flash and differential distillation for two component mixture,
16-17 Steam distillation, azeotropic distillation, extractive distillation.
Unit-III
18-19 Continuous and Differential Contact Distillation: Rectification, reflux ratio,
20-22 Calculation of numbers of plates by NTU, optimum reflux ratio , open steam , multiple
feed and multiple product calculations,

23-24 Enthalpy concentration diagram, Panchon-Savarit method for calculation of number of

theoretical plates.
25-26 Approximate equation; Fensky and underwood equation for minimum reflux and
minimum numbers of plate calculation.

27-28 Polarison oililand method for actual numbers of plate calculation, Batch distillation.
Unit-IV
29-30 Liquid – Liquid Extraction: Liquid equilibrium and ponchon – savarit method
31-32 Mc – Cabe Thiele method, packed and spray column ,conjugate curve and tie line data,
plat , point,

33-36 Ternary liquid- liquid extraction, operation and design of extraction towers analytical
and graphical solution of single and multi stage operation in extraction, Co –current
and counter current system.
Unit-V
37-38 Adsorption: Adsorption theories, types of adsorbent: activated carbon
38-39 Silica and molecular sieves, Batch and column adsorption. Break through curves,
39-40 Liquid percolation and gas adsorption, BDST models for adsorption calculation.
 Chemical Reaction Engineering – I (BCHL505)
S. No. Topic No. of Lectures
1. Classification of reactions, definition of reaction rate 02
2. Variables affecting the reaction rate 01
3. Concept of reaction equilibrium, order of reaction 02
4. Determination of order of reaction, theoretical study of reaction rate 02
5. Mechanism of series, parallel or consecutive reactions 02
6. Auto catalytic reactions, chain reactions 02
7. Polymerization reactions 01
8. Interpretation of kinetic data, integral and differential method of 02
analysis
9. Classification of reactors: concept of ideality, development of design 03
equation for batch & semi batch reactor
10. Design of tubular and stirred tank reactor 03
11. Design of isothermal and non isothermal batch, CSTR and PFR 03
12. Multiple reactions in batch, continuous stirred tank and plug flow 03
reactors
13. Uniqueness of steady state in continuous stirred tank reactor 02
14. Optimum temperature progression 02
15. Thermal characteristics of reactors. 01
16. Non ideal reactors, RTD, dispersion model 03
17. Tank in series model, recycle model 02
18. Segregated flow in mixed models 02
19. Evaluation of RTD characteristics 02
COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(BCHL506)
S. No Topics to be covered No. of lectures
UNIT-I
1 Treatment of Engineering Data- Graphical representation 02
2 Empirical equation 02
3 Interpolation- Newton, Lagrange 03
4 Extrapolation 02
5 Graphical Integration 02
6 Graphical construction of integral curve 02
7 Numerical Integration 02
UNIT-II
8 Significant figures 02
9 Classification of Measurements Propagation of errors 02
10 Variation and Distribution of Random Errors, Properties of 02
Variance
11 Confidence limit for small sample 02
UNIT-III
12 Ordinary Differential Equation-its classification 02
13 Application of Law of Conservation of mass in mixing 03
process
UNIT-IV
14 Linear second order equation 02
15 Numerical solution by RK method 02
UNIT-V
16 Formulation off PDE 02
17 Finite difference, non linear difference equation 03
18 Optimization 01
19 Optimization application related to chemical engineering 02
TUTORIAL
 Fluidization Engineering BCHL501

Q.1 Compare the different fluidized beds in chemical process industries.

Q.2 Explain the significance of Prandtl number in fluidization
Q.3 Describe pressure balance in circulation system in fluidization
Q.4 Define superficial and terminal velocity of the particles.
Q.5 Enumerate the industrial applications of fluidization
Q.6 Explain the emulsion phase in bubbling fluidized bed
Q.7 With the help of a neat diagram explains the principle of Spouted bed fluidization.
Q.8 Define ‘minimum fluidization’ also gives the advantage and disadvantage of fluidization.
Q.9 Discuss the mechanism of elutriation of solids from a fluidized bed into the freeboard.
Q.10 Define ‘fast fluidization bed’ also discusses the flow characteristics in the regime of fast
fluidized bed.
Q.11 Define ‘Slug flow’ also discuss pneumatic conveyors along with its applications in process
industries.
Q.12 Enumerate heat transfer characteristics of gas-solid fluidized system with the help of suitable
example.
Q.13 Enumerate various applications of fluidized bed combustors with the help of suitable example.
Q.14 Discuss design procedure of multistage system with their advantage and disadvantages.
Q.15 Discuss the working principle of Fluid bed drier with its application in the chemical Process
industries
Q.16 Write short note on any FOUR parts of the following:
a) Wake region
b) Coalescence of bubbles
c) Entrainment model
d) Bound & Unbound moisture
e) Bed Porosity
f) Reynold’s number

ORGANIC PROCESS TECHNOLOGY (BCHL 503)

1. Explain the kraft process and sulphate process for manufacturing pulp. Make a comparison
between them.

2. Classify petrochemicals on the basis of their production.

3. Explain different process of polymerization

4. Explain hydrogenation of oils.

5. Write short note on manmade fibers

6. Differentiate between natural rubber and artificial rubber

7. Explain production of DDT and BHC

8. Explain process of soap production

MASS TRANSFER-II
Q.1. A stream of air at 100 kPa pressure and 300 K is flowing on the top surface of a thin flat sheet of
solid naphthalene of length 0.2 m with a velocity of 20 m/sec. The other data are: Mass diffusivity of
naphthalene vapor in air = 6 * 10–6 m2/sec Kinematic viscosity of air = 1.5 * 10 –5 m2.sc Concentration of
naphthalene at the air-solid naphthalene interfaces = 1 * 10– 5 kmol/m3
Q.2 Imagine that 0.2 centimetre-diameter spheres of benzoic acid are packed into a bed. The spheres
have 23 cm2 surfaces per 1 cm3 of bed. Pure water flowing at a superficial velocity of 5 cm/sec into the
bed is sixty-two percent saturated with benzoic acid after it has passed through 100 centimetres of bed.
What is the mass transfer coefficient?

Q.3 Mass transfer in an emulsion: Bromine is being rapidly dissolved in water, its concentration is about
half saturated in 3 minutes. At is the Mass transfer coefficient

Q.4. 500 kg of the inert solid containing 28 percent by mass of the water-soluble component (A), is
agitated with 100 m3 of water for 600 sec. After each decanting 25% of the solution produced remain in
the residue. Water is saturated with the solute at a concentration of 2.5 kg/m 3. Find the concentration of
the solute (A) in the solution after the leaching and number of washing such that the concentration of A
in the solid residue is 0.01% by mass. In a pilot scale test using a vessel 1m3 in volume, a solute was
leached from an inert solid and the water was 75 percent saturated in 10 s. Assuming conditions are
equivalent to those in the pilot scale vessel.

Q.5 A mixture of benzene and tolune containing 40 mole% of benzene is to be separated to give a
product of 90 mole % of benzene at top and a bottom product with not more than 10 mole % benzene.
Using an average value of 2.4 for the volatility of benzene relative to toluene.Calculate the number of
theoretical plates required at total reflux. Also calculate the minimum reflux ration if the feed is liquid at
its boiling point.

Q.6 A liquid mixture of 60% n-heptane and 40 % n-octane were subjected to differential distillation at
atmospheric pressure with 70 mole % of the liquid distilled. Compute the compositions of distillate and
residue.
Data:
X 1.00 0.50 0.46 0.42 0.38 0.34 0.32`
Y 1.00 0.69 0.65 0.61 0.57 0.52 0.50

Q.7 Experiments on decolourisation of oil yielded the following equilibrium relationship: Y = 0.5 x .0.5
where, y = gm of colour removed/gm of adsorbent.
X = colour in the oil, gm of water/100 gm colour free oil
Q.8 the equilibrium adsorption of acetone vapour on activated at 30oC is given by:-
Gm adsorbed/gm carbon 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.35
Partial pressure of acetone, mmhg 0 2.0 12.0 42.0 92.0

Q.9. 1.6 kg/s of sand-salt mixture containing 62.5% sand is leached with 0.5 kg/s of water in a counter-
current. The residue from each stage containing 0.25 kg water per kg insoluble solid, Find the number of
stages such that the sand from the final stage contains 10% salt when dried.Q.10 A concentrated binary
solution containing mostly species 2 (but X2 ≠ 1) 2(but x2 ≠ 1) is in equilibrium wita vapor phase
containing both species 1 and 2. The pressure of this two-phase system is 1 bar; the temperature is
298.0K. Determine from the following data good estimates of x1 and y1. H1 = 200 bar; P2 sat = 0.10 bar

Q.11. 100 ml of 0.3 M acetic acid is shaken with 0.8 g of wood charcoal. The final concentration of the
solution after adsorption is 0.125 M. Calculate the weight of acetic acid adsorbed per gram of carbon.
 Chemical Reaction Engineering – I (BCHL505)
1. A reaction rate has the stoichiometric equation A + 2 B � 2 R . What is the order of the
reaction?
2. The reaction between nitric oxide & oxygen 2 NO + O2 � 2 NO2 follows the rate law
dC
= k [NO 2 ]2 [O2 ] . Suggest a reaction mechanism which is consistent with rate law.
dt
3. In case of a first order reaction, show that the time required for 75% conversion is double
the time required for 50% conversion.
4. In a homogeneous isothermal liquid polymerization, 20% of the monomer is disappeared
in 34 minutes for initial monomer concentration of 0.04 and 0.8 mol/l. Find a rate
equation to represent disappearance of the monomer.
5. Assuring a Stoichiometry A � R for a first order gas phase reaction, the size, if a PFR
for 99% conversion of pure A is calculated to be 32 litres. In fact, however, the
Stoichiometry of the reaction is A � 3R . Find required volume of the reactor.
6. A tank of volume 208 litres is to be used as a mixed flow reactor to effect the
decomposition reaction 2A � R + S . Find the conversion of A that can be achieved from
this reactor for identical feed & identical operating conditions.
7. Reactant A ( A � R ) with C A0 = 26 mol/m3 passes in steady flow through four equal size
mixed reactors in series (total time = 2 min). The concentration of A is found to be 11, 5,
2 & 1 mol/m3 in the four units. For this reaction, what must be PFR size so as to reduce
CA from C A0 = 26 to C Af = 1 mol/m3?
8. A first order reaction is to be carried out in series of two mixed reactors. Show that the
total volume of the two reactors is minimum when the reactors are of equal size.