In Shepherd's account feminism is a political way of thingking and, like all politicl thought, its attraction cut across

sex. In other words, feminism is political in nature and its central arguments about sex. Feminism may claim to
speak for all women, but all women do not speak for feminism. This is in the sense that not all women is conscious
about the concept of feminism and is only known to the feminist who are using their experience to generalise for
all women, and in the process privileging their own voice.

Feminism is the struggle to end sexist oppression. Its aim is not to benefit solely any specific group of women, any
particular race or class of women. It does not privilege women over men. It has the power to transform in a
meaningful way all our lives. Most importantly, feminism is neither a lifestyle nor a ready-made identity or role one
can step into. (hooks 1984: 26)

1Feminism in the citations above do not only give emphasis to the rights of women, and provide more
priviledge to it but it also highlights the role of men that is expected to support the theory of feminism.
Also, feminist expect the men to support the theory of feminism for they believe that as much as we
benefit from feminism men at this point also has the benefits in a way that they will be able to achieve
fair living and an equal lives in the society.

Feminism is the struggle to end sexist oppression. (hooks 1984: 26)1In feminism for Shepherd it do not
only focus on the rights of women because she believe that in feminism's point of view, men and women
shoul work together to overthrow sexist oppression as its main struggle. Hook believes that a battle for
sexes is not what is needed and what is more important is a battle for fundamental change where
women can lead but it do not really exclude the male.

Masculinity is not clearly defined in masculinity because even Shepherd is confuse about it. Shepherd
outlined his understanding of masculinity can be regarded as a way of searching for the root cause of
"sexist oppression". It is an attempt to isolate and highlights the ways in which male powers operates. It
is an analysis of the actual, practical, everyday ways through which the exercise of male power is
perpetuated.

Shepherd added that, masculinity can be practised in conversations, through the useof language,
through individual acts of coercion or violence, indiscriminatory practices and policies of companies,
state regulations, welfare provision restrictions, sexploitation etc. It is a definition of 'masculinity' which
hopefully has something to offer feminism: it isan analysis which is focused neither solely on men nor
solely on women, but upon gender relations, upon power relations which advantage men.

As Carrigan, Connell and Lee (1985) traced, the study of masculinity would never have come on to the
agenda without the critical influence of feminism. This implies that without the emergence of feminism,
masculinity would never come to exist. As femininity serves as representation for women then the
masculinity is the one that represents the male. In this sense, feminism and masculinity becomes a two
way of charactirizing themen and women as two distinct forms.

In Shepherd's account, it is argued that there is scope for men to make a significant contribution to both
feminist theory and practice. It stresses that men must live feminism in their everyday lives. In the
second half of the paper it is suggested that men should engage in the project of re-thinking existing
notions of masculinity. 1In additional hi argued "what sort of supportive roles men might play in the
creation of larger feminist realities" in which he emphasize that men may not only hold just supportive
roles. Aside from men only taking part of advocating feminism, men must prove it. He asserts that the
personal os political, and therefore the ways in which we all live our lives is vitally important in the
expression of feminism. Bringing feminist ideals into our everyday actions as he believes that even the
the most fervent of feminist can be complicit in maintaining male power when feminist ideals are acted
upon. In this argument of Shepherd he note the most important part of feminist is to be acted upod as
much as the exercise of power is concern. Adding the fact that for Shepherd, a society who truly
embraces social justice can only be achieved by women and men working together. As Rosemary
Reuther Radford (1992) wrote:

The struggle against patriarchy cannot be won simply by a women's movement. Patriarchy is itself the
original men's movement and the struggle to overthrow it must be a movement of men as well as
women. But men can only be authentically a part of that struggle if they are able to acknowledge the
injustice of their own historical privileges as males and to recognise the ongoing ideologies and
economic, political and social structures that keep such privilege in place. (Radford 1992: 17)

Marisol P. Nadonza BAPOS-AP12