Revenue Recognition Method and Inventory Valuation Method

Tata Consultancy Services-

Revenue Recognition: The Company earns revenue primarily from providing IT services,
consulting and business solutions. The company offers a consulting-led, cognitive powered,
integrated portfolio of IT, business and engineering services and solutions. Revenue is
recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an
amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange
for those products or services.

Inventory Valuation: Inventories consists of (a) Raw materials, sub-assemblies and

components, (b) Work-in-progress, (c) Stores and spare parts and (d) Finished goods.
Inventories are carried at lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of raw materials,
sub-assemblies and components is determined on a weighted average basis. Cost of finished
goods produced or purchased by the Company includes direct material and labor cost and a
proportion of manufacturing overheads.

Bharti Airtel-

Revenue Recognition: Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products

or services to the customer at the consideration which the Company has received or expects
to receive in exchange of those products or services, net of any taxes / duties, discounts and
process waivers. When determining the consideration to which the Company is entitled for
providing promised products or services via intermediaries, the Company assesses whether
it is primarily responsible for fulfilling the performance obligation and whether it controls
the promised service before transfer to customers. To the extent that the intermediary is
considered a principal, the consideration to which the Company is entitled is determined to
be that received from the intermediary.

Inventory Valuation: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (determined using the first-
in-first-out method) and net realizable value. The costs comprise its purchase price and any
directly attributable cost of bringing to its present location and condition. Net realizable
value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated
costs of completion and the estimated variable costs necessary to make the sale.

Maruti Suzuki-

Revenue Recognition: Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received
or receivable. Amounts disclosed as revenue are inclusive of excise duty net of returns,
discounts, sales incentives, goods & service tax and value added taxes. The Company
recognizes revenue when the amount of revenue and its related cost can be reliably
measured and it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity (Delivery
Method). The Company bases its estimates on historical results, taking into consideration
the type of customer, the type of transactions and the specifics of each arrangement.
Inventory Valuation Method: Inventories are valued at the lower of cost, determined on
the weighted average basis and net realizable value. The cost of finished goods and work in
progress comprises raw materials, direct labour, other direct costs and appropriate
proportion of variable and fixed overhead expenditure, the latter being allocated on the
basis of normal operating capacity. Cost of inventories also includes all other costs incurred
in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Costs of purchased
inventory are determined after deducting rebates and discounts. Net realizable value is the
estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of
completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Nestle India-

Revenue Recognition: Revenue from sale of goods is recognised on transfer of significant

risks & rewards of ownership and effective control to the buyer. Revenue is measured at the
price charged to the customer and are recorded net of returns (if any), trade discounts,
rebates, other pricing allowances to trade/consumer, when it is probable that the
associated economic benefits will flow to the company.

Inventory Valuation Method: Inventories are stated at cost or net realisable value,
whichever is lower. However, raw materials, packing materials and other supplies held for
use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished goods in
which they will be included are expected to be sold at or above cost. The bases of
determining cost for various categories of inventories are as follows:

Raw and packing material : First-in-first out

Stock-in-trade (Goods purchased for resale) : Weighted average Stores and spare parts :
Weighted average

Work-in-progress and finished goods : Material cost plus appropriate share of production
overheads and excise duty, wherever applicable

Larsen & Toubro-

Revenue Recognition: The Company recognises revenue from contracts with customers
when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to a
customer. The revenue is recognised to the extent of transaction price allocated to the
performance obligation satisfied. Performance obligation is satisfied over time when the
transfer of control of asset (good or service) to a customer is done over time and in other
cases, performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time. For performance obligation
satisfied over time, the revenue recognition is done by measuring the progress towards
complete satisfaction of performance obligation. The progress is measured in terms of a
proportion of actual cost incurred to-date, to the total estimated cost attributable to the
performance obligation.

Inventory Valuation Method: Inventories are valued after providing for obsolescence, as
under:
(i) Raw materials, components, construction materials, stores, spares and loose tools at
lower of weighted average cost or net realisable value. However, these items are
considered to be realisable at cost if the finished products in which they will be used, are
expected to be sold at or above cost.

(ii) Manufacturing work-in-progress at lower of weighted average cost including related

overheads or net realisable value. in some cases, manufacturing work-in-progress are
valued at lower of specifically identifiable cost or net realisable value. in the case of
qualifying assets, cost also includes applicable borrowing costs vide policy relating to
borrowing costs.

(iii) Finished goods and stock-in-trade (in respect of goods acquired for trading) at lower of
weighted average cost or net realisable value.

(iv) Completed property/work-in-progress (including land) in respect of property

development activity at lower of specifically identifiable cost or net realisable value.