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Don’t forget works cited, citations, and visuals!

MLA format!

Introduction
White privilege has been around for many many years
Slavery era to now
White privilege is the unearned advantages white people get and not having to go
through the hardships that most people of color have to go through
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bold-expressions-w-carl/id1461133019?i=10004
36954746
- It’s “a benefit that comes with having an ‘accepted’ skin color, regardless of other
factors like class or sexual orientation or gender.”
https://www.popsugar.com/news/What-White-Privilege-40523831
- “To be totally clear: white privilege is not about economic status. We're talking
about the nature of someone's white skin being an advantage over brown skin or
black skin because society currently values the former over the latter.” White
people think it’s offensive and people of color accept the term
Pre-civil rights
Segregation and discrimination
White have better schools (Holt)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2TG9n0vc-4
- Talks about how schools are segregated now
- Schools of high poverty with mostly African American and Hispanic students
have doubled since the year 2000

Peggy McIntosh, “White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack”


(​https://docs.google.com/document/d/12nTwUnEz1GJmHtfDl6sHxVL5QsY59RSkoGfc8
mqRsxc/edit​)
https://nationalseedproject.org/Key-SEED-Texts/white-privilege-unpacking-the-invisible-
knapsack
- first appeared in ​Peace and Freedom Magazine​, July/August, 1989
1980’s time ​https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/1990/01/10/09200009.h09.html​ Diane
Ravitch
- “Students weren’t doing well in any subject”
- “Reform of teacher education and of the teaching profession became a key item
on the agenda of the 80’s.”
- “Whatever else the 80’s were, they were a decade when politicians and
educators and business leaders concluded that we must not choose between
quality and equality; a decade when American schools were asked to raise their
expectations so that all students might learn more; a decade in which consensus
developed that America could not afford to neglect its schools, nor any part of the
rising generation.”
https://calendar.eji.org/racial-injustice/oct/25
- Example of racial bias
Women had some of the same rights as men, but still not equal
Scholarly discourse
Audience: other professors
Summary: In this text Peggy talks about education and unearned advantages she and
many other white Americans have. She talks about how knowledge is white and
knowledge is male. She lists unearned advantages she has. Then she explains how her
group makes themselves confident and comfortable while oppressing other groups.

Peggy McIntosh has many purposes, she is a feminist and anti-racism activist who is
also white. With this we can tell her work is about equality and how white men have
power, and how colored people are treated differently, or have different experiences
than whites. In addition, how whites are different from others and how they treat other
races. Her piece “White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack,” is an educational
text and she expressed it as an essay. Her main audience is fellow professors and
scholars, mainly her fellow female professors. The values and beliefs of her fellow
female audience is that they want to teach and be treated equally as the male
professors and teachers. The audience, when reading McIntosh’s writing, will expect to
read about how whites are different from colored people and how they were given a life
with opportunities and unearned resources and privileges. They would also expect that
she mentions something about how men have more opportunities and power than
females. The fact that she’s a feminist and anti-racism activist help lead to thess
conclusions. Based on the genre they would expect to read about education as well.
This piece was written during the 1980s and this was when women didn’t have much
opportunities and racism was a huge thing.

Audre Lorde, “The Fourth of July”


(​https://archive.org/stream/the_fourth_of_july/the_fourth_of_july_djvu.txt​)
Context written for the year 1947 when she was a child
1947
- discrimination/segregation
- Black students in white schools (but very little)
- Lynching
Scholarly discourse
Audience: everyone
Summary: Lorde expresses her anger through her story of her family trip to Washington
D.C. She expresses how she found out that America was white and that African
Americans don’t have the same opportunities or rights as white people. She finds out
what the American reality was at the time.

Audre Lorde on the other hand was a writer, poet, feminist, and civil rights activists. In
addition, she was a black lesbian. Based on the person she was we can tell her work
would mainly be about women’s rights and civil rights. Her purpose is to spread
women’s rights and how everyone, no matter what skin tone, should be treated equally.
Plus, knowing that she’s a poet will help people know there is going to be a lot of
expressed emotions and imagery in her pieces. Audre Lorde’s piece, “The Fourth of
July,” is part of the poetry genre and is expressed as a poetic essay. Her main topic for
this writing is civil rights and how blacks were treated so differently back when she was
growing up. Ironically, Peggy McIntosh and Audre Lorde were born around the same
time. So we kind of got the same views from two women from the same time and who
are different colors. The audience for this piece I believe are her fellow black
communities because she is expressing her anger and that she thinks something
should be done. Based on who Lorde is the audience can expect something about how
America really is and how opportunities and experiences are equally given out to
everyone. During the time period of when she wrote her poem about, blacks had no
equal opportunities. This was when they had to sit in the back of the bus, when they had
different fountains, hotels, and couldn’t sit in bars and restaurants. She really was
spreading how bad times were back then when she was a child and tried to address it to
modern people and how things should change.

Thesis:
McIntosh and Lorde are both females born into the pre-civil rights era and both lived
dramatically different lives. McIntosh being a white American and Lorde being an
African American. McIntosh focuses on unearned advantages she had when growing
up. Lorde on the other hand focuses on a family trip that made her realize that America
is white and people of color don’t have the same rights as them. Although they are just
life stories written over 20 years ago, they contribute to the ongoing conversation of
white privilege.

How is it still contributing to the conversation today?


Development paragraphs
Add visuals (images)!!! (caption and use MLA format (Figure 1))
Focus on at least one excerpt from texts.
Make sure paragraphs held together by one idea.
Have a topic sentence that summarizes the main idea of the paragraph.
Have transitions before and after paragraphs.

Analysis 1
Being born into your destiny.
- Can’t control what skin color you are born with
- Can’t control society
Slavery
Poverty
https://www.popsugar.com/news/What-White-Privilege-40523831
- “For instance, did you know that about 16 percent of white children who are born
into the poorest of US families​ will become a member of the top one-fifth by the
time they turn 40​? But for poor black children that number is three percent? If
stats won't do it for you, the​ anecdotal support is never-ending​.”
McIntosh (quotes that I could use)
- But a “white” skin in the United States opens many doors for whites whether or not
we approve of the way dominance has been conferred on us.
Lorde (quotes)
- I learned later that Phyllis's high school senior class trip had
been to Washington, but the nuns had given her back her deposit
in private, explaining to her that the class, all of whom were white,
except Phyllis, would be staying in a hotel where Phyllis “would
not be happy,” meaning, Daddy explained to her, also in private,
that they did not rent rooms to Negroes. “We will take you to
Washington, ourselves,” my father had avowed, “and not just for
an overnight in some measly fleabag hotel.”
- Straight-backed and indignant, one by one, my family and I
got down from the counter stools and turned around and marched
out of the store, quiet and outraged, as if we had never been black
before.

Analysis 2
How white people are oblivious to the fact and minority groups can see it because they
are the ones being oppressed.
McIntosh (quotes that I could use)
- As a white person, I realized I had been taught about racism as something that puts
others at a disadvantage, but had been taught not to see one of its corollary aspects,
white privilege, which puts me at an advantage.
- I think whites are carefully taught not to recognize white privilege, as males are taught
not to recognize male privilege.
- My schooling gave me no training in seeing myself as an oppressor, as an unfairly
advantaged person, or as a participant in a damaged culture. I was taught to see myself
as an individual whose moral state depended on her individual moral will. My schooling
followed the pattern my colleague Elizabeth Minnich has pointed out: whites are taught
to think of their lives as morally neutral, normative, and average, and also ideal, so that
when we work to benefit others, this is seen as work which will allow “them” to be
more like “us.”
- Many, perhaps most, of our white students in the U.S. think that racism doesn’t affect
them because they are not people of color, they do not see “whiteness” as a racial
identity.
Lorde (quotes)
- The waitress was white, and the counter was white, and the ice 20
cream I never ate in Washington, D.C., that summer I left child-
hood was white, and the white heat and the white pavement and
the white stone monuments of my first Washington summer made
me sick to my stomach for the whole rest of that trip and it wasn’t
much of a graduation present after all.
- Like so many other
vital pieces of information in my childhood, I was supposed to
know without being told.
- Can compare this to Peggy and how in school she wasn’t taught that she was an
oppressor (that’s just the way things were)
White fragility
- White Americans get upset/defensive when people bring up white privilege
- https://www.salon.com/2015/03/17/the_white_fragility_complex_why_white_people
_gets_so_defensive_about_their_privilege_partner/

Analysis 3
White Americans have and had many more opportunities and advantages than people
of color.
Jim Crow Laws
McIntosh (quotes)
- I have come to see white privilege as an invisible package of unearned assets that I can
count on cashing in each day, but about which I was “meant” to remain oblivious.
White privilege is like an invisible weightless knapsack of special provisions, maps,
passports, codebooks, visas, clothes, tools and blank checks.
- McIntosh’s list
(​https://docs.google.com/document/d/12nTwUnEz1GJmHtfDl6sHxVL5QsY59RS
koGfc8mqRsxc/edit​)
Lorde (quotes)
- My mother
never mentioned that black people were not allowed into railroad
dining cars headed south in 1947.
- also in private,
that they did not rent rooms to Negroes

Conclusion
Restate thesis
Talk about how white privilege is still part of today’s conversation/society
List solutions
Talk about the future, what’s going to happen if this continues?

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