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TARGET ANSWER

CRIMINAL SOCIOLOGY
2015-152
2016- 146

15- 16- CRIMINOLOGY - a multidisciplinary science that deals with the study of crimes and treatment
criminals as social phenomenon.
PRINCIPAL DIVISION OF CRIMINOLOGY;ETIOLOGY,SOCIOLOGY OF LAW,PENOLOGY
15-16- Sociology of Law
Analysis of the development and application of criminal law as a process of social control.
15-16- Criminal Etiology (Criminogenesis)
An attempt at scientific analysis of the causes of crime.
15-16- Penology
\Concerned with the study of punishment and rehabilitation of offenders as a mode of social
control of crime.
15-16- Logomacy- No law, no crime
15- REPUBLIC ACT.6506 - Otherwise known as the Board of Criminology. (Professionalization Law
for Criminologists)
PLARIDEL COLLEGE 1953 - PCCr first in the Philippines and southeast asia
15-16- TEODULO NATIVIDAD – father of Philippine Probation Law
15- SENATOR ALEJANDRO ALMENDRAS- Senate author of R.A 6506
SIXTO DE LEON- first board chairman of the Board of Criminology
15-16- *JEREMY BENTHAM – contributed UTALITARIANSM.
15-16- CLASSICAL SCHOOL: FREE WILL: Q-15-Punishment should be based on the pleasure/pain
principle
CLASSICAL THOUGHT BY CESARE BECCARIA; INTELLIGENCE AND RATIONALITY
CONTROLS BEHAVIOR
NEO CLASSICAL OF THOUGHT – IN ACCORDANCE WITH FREE WILL
15-16- NEO-CLASSICAL SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY
 Q-15-Argued that situations or circumstances that made it impossible to exercise freewill are
reasons to exempt the accused from conviction.
 Q-16-Children and lunatics should not be regarded as criminals and free from punishment.
15-16- POSITIVE ITALIAN SCHOOL – CRIMINAL BORN WITH PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC
 Q-15-It agreed that scientific treatment of criminal not on the penalties to be imposed after
conviction.
 Q-16-That crime as a social and moral phenomenon which cannot treated and checked by
the imposition of punishment rather rehabilitation or the enforcement of individuals
measures
15-16- DETERRENCE –Punishment serve as Lesson not to commit crime
15-16- HEDONIST – man only seeks pleasure and avoids pain.
15-16- PUNISHMENT - - It is known as redness to safekeeping against an offending member involving
pain or suffering as likewise means of social control.
15-16- RETRIBUTION - a punishment to an offender by retaliatory acts result in the form of vengeance
of the crimes being committed as due punishment which derived from the philosophy of “Eye for an Eye
and Tooth for a Tooth”.

15-16- HOLY THREE OF CRIMINOLOGY: LOMROSO-GAROFALO-FERRI

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CESARE LOMBROSO
 Father of modern Criminology.
TYPES OF CRIMINAL ACCORDING TO LOMBROSO:
15-16- BORN CRIMINAL – Criminal behavior is inherited.
15-16- ATAVISTIC – Lombroso firmly believe that there is a born criminal.
15-16- INSANE - Those who commit crimes due to abnormalities or psychological disorder.
15-16- CRIMINALOID – Those who commit crimes due to less physical stigmata/ self control.
OTHER IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTOR OF CRIMINOLOGY
15-16- ADOLPHE QUETELET – Belgian mathematician made used of data and statistical analysis to
gain insight into a relationship between crime and sociological factors called moral statistic.
15-16- EMILE DURKHEIM- Anomie Theory
 Crime as a normal part of society
 Crime creates social solidarity
 Crime creates social change
 15-16- Anomie: Normlessness, a breakdown of social order as a result of a loss of
standards and values
15- WILLEM ADRIAN BONGER
 An emotional authority in criminology, who classified crimes by motives of the offenders as
economic crimes, sexual crimes, political crimes, and miscellaneous crimes with vengeance as
the principle motive.
15-16- EDWIN SUTHERLAND
 An American authority in criminology, who in his book “Principles of Criminology” considers
criminology at present as not a science, but it has hopes of becoming a science.
 The most important criminologist in the 20th century” because of explaining crime and criminal
behavior can be seen as corrected extension of social perspective.
 He was considered as the “Dean of Modern Criminology”
 15-16- Advocated the DAT (Differential Association Theory)
 15-16- ABRAHAMSEN - in his book “Crime and the Human Mind” 1945 explained the origin
of crime by this formula. “Criminal behavior is a result of criminalistic tendencies plus crime
emotional resistance to temptation.”
15-16- RAFFAELE GAROFALO
 Traced the roots of criminal behavior to psychological features which he called “moral
anomalies”
 the doctrine of free will and supported the position that the only way to understand crime
was to study it by scientific methods.
15- 16- ENRICO FERRI
 Best known of Lombroso’s associates
 Attacked the classical doctrine of free-will
 Argued that crime was caused by social, economic, and political determinants
15- BERTILLON
 One who originated a system of classifying criminals according to body measurements because
the human skeleton is unchangeable after the 20th year and because no two individuals are alike in
all dimensions;
POSITIVIST AND CLASSICAL SCHOOL - ACT THAT VIOLATE THE BASIC VALUES OF
SOCIETY
-The period of Scientific Study of crimes and criminal behavior

*The era of criminal reformation (treatment of criminal offenders)

LOMBROSO – FERRI – GAROFALO

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15-16- "atavistic"-that is, who failed to evolve to a fully human and civilized state.

15-16- BLUE COLLAR CRIME – is any crime committed by an individual from a lower social class.
15-16- CORPORATE CRIME – refers to crimes committed either by a corporation, or by individuals
that may be identified with a corporation or other business entity.
15-16- ORGANIZED CRIME - consist of illegal acts, executed by five or more procedures with varying
degrees of participation to directly acquire a system of recurring financial rewards through the provision
of goods and services for consumer groups differing in size and knowledge of environment.
15-16- WHITE COLLAR CRIME – as a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social
status in the course his occupation.
KINDS OF CRIME;
15-16- FELONY - is an act or omission that is punishable by the Revised Penal Code.
15-16- OFFENSE - is an act or omission that is punishable by special laws.
15-16- MISDEMEANOR – is a crime that is in violation of the municipal or city ordinances.
CRIMINOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMES;
15-16- Acquisitive Crime- when the offenders acquire something as a consequence of his criminal act.
15-16- Extinctive Crime- when the end results of the criminal act is destruction.
15-16- SEASONAL - those that are committed only at certain period of the year.
15-16- Situational Crime- those committed only when given the situation conducive on its commission.
15-16- Instant Crime- those committed in the shortest possible time.
15-16- Episodic Crime- those crimes committed by a series of act in a lengthy space of time.
15-16- Static Crime- those committed only in one place.
15-16- Continuing Crime- those committed in several place
15-16- Rational Crime- those committed with the intention and offender is in full possession of his
mental faculties.
15-16- Irrational who does not know the nature and quality of his act on Crime those committed by a
person account of the disease of the mind.
15-16- White Collar Crime- those committed by a person of responsibility and of upper social economic
class in the course of their occupational activities.
15-16- Blue Collar Crime- those committed by ordinary professional to maintain their livelihood.
CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMINAL ON THE BASIS OF ETIOLOGY ( CAUSES);
15-16- Acute Criminals– person who violate law because of the impulse of the moment, fit of passion or
anger or spell of extreme jealousy.
15-16- Chronic Criminals- person who acted in consonance with deliberated thinking as habitual.

CRIMINAL ON THE BASIS ON BEHAVIOR;

15-16- Ordinary criminals- the lowest form of criminal career. They engaged only on
conventional crimes that require limited skill.
15-16- Organized criminals- these criminals has a high degree of organization to enable them to
commit crimes without being detected and committed to specialized activities, which can be
operated in large- scale business.
15-16- Professional criminals- they are highly skilled and able to obtain considerable amount of
money without being detected because of organization and contract with other criminals.
ON THE BASIS OF ACTIVITIES;
15-16- Professional Criminals- those who earn their living through criminal activities.
15-16- Accidental Criminals- those who commit criminal acts as a result of unanticipated
circumstances.
15-16- HABITUAL - Refers to demeanours which are resorted to in a regular basis it may be further
characterized as emotional and language.
BASE ON MENTAL ATTITUDE;
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15-16- Agressive criminals - commit crimes in an impulsive manner usually due to their aggressive
behavior of the offender.
15-16- Passive inadequate criminals – those who commit crimes because they are pushed to do it by
inducement, by reward or promise without considering its consequences.

SOCIALIZED DELINQUENT –

BODY TYPE THEORIES BY WILLIAM KRETSCHMER;

15-16-ASTHENIC- lean, slightly built, narrow shoulders.

15-16-ATHLETIC- medium to tall, strong, muscular, coarse bones.
15-16-PYKNIC- medium light, rounded figure, massive neck, broad face.
15-16-Dysplastic – represents an in congruous mixture of different parts of the body, making it appear
“rare” surprising ugly.

William H. Sheldon - Developed classification of body types and related physique to delinquencies.
SOMATOTYPE THEORY BY WILLAM SHELDON;
 claimed that there will three body types to wit:
15-16-ENDOMORPHIC - which were short, small bone, and fat.
15-16-MESOMORPHIC - which were athletic heavy chaste with large torso, hands and wrists.
15-16-ECTOMORPHIC - was thin frail, and hand stable attributes, look more fatigue and inclination to
be withdrawn.
15-16-PHRENOLOGY – is a theory which claims to determine character personality traits and
criminality on the basis of the shape of the head.
15-16-CRANIOMETRY- STUDY OF HUMAN SKULL SHAPE, SIZE, AND WEIGHT
15-16-TRAIT THEORY – biosocial and psychological trait theories have emerged in modern
criminology, as scientific knowledge of genetic, biochemistry, a neurology has grown. Biosocial theories
believe in equip-potentiality and that genetic significantly influence human behavior.

15-16-PSYCHOANALYTICAL FACTOR – this factor refers to the analysis of human behavior in

relation to crime.
15-16-ID - are inclinations or instinct of social drives. It contains all that is inherited, and is present at
birth. (Pleasure component)
15-16-EGO - reality principle to form part of man’s physical organization between its sensory stimuli on
one hand and his motor activity on the other.
15-16-SUPER-EGO - means the conscience of man. It is the role of agencies outside the home which
tries to control the ego.
15-16-BROMBERG - CRIMINALITY IS THE RESULT OF EMOTIONAL EMMATURITY

KINDS OF MENTAL DEFICIENCY;

1. 15-16-Idiot
 Usually congenital and due to the defective development of the mental faculties. An idiot is
wanting in memory, willpower and emotion. He cannot express himself by language, is quiet,
timid and easily irritated. He cannot guard himself against common physical dangers.
 The deficiency is usually associated with physical abnormalities like microcephaly and
mongolism.
15-16-Imbecile
 Although the mental defect is not as severe as that of idiots, he cannot manage his own affairs. He
may be able to speak but with poor command of language. He can easily be aroused to passion
and may show purposeful behaviour. He may be trained to do simple work under supervision.
15-16-Feeble-Minded
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 , He has a mentality similar to that of a normal child between 8 -12 years old and an I.Q. of 41 –
70.
15-16-Pyromania – an irresistible impulse to set things fire;
15-16-Kleptomania – to steal articles of not much value; stealing human behaviour.
15-16-ANOMIE THEORY – BY EMILE DURKHEIM – the word comes from Greek, namely the prefix
a- “without”, and nomos “law”. A condition where social and/or moral norms are confused, and clear,
simply not present.
15-16-ALBERT COHEN - STRAIN THEORY – suggesting that delinquency among lower class youths
is a reaction against the social norms of the middle class.. Criminal acts may result when youths conform
to norms of the deviant subculture.
15-CONTROL THEORY BY TRAVIS HIRSCHI- focuses upon a persons relationships to their agents of
socialization, such as parents, teachers, preachers, coaches, scout leaders, or police officers.
15-16-VICTIM – a person who has suffered direct, or threatened, physical, emotional or pecuniary harm
as a result of the commission of the crime; or in the case of victim being an institutional entity, any of the
same harms by an individual or authorized representative of another entity.
R.A. 6713 - CODE OF CONDUCT ETHICAL STANDARD FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL AND
EMPLOYEES.
15-16-COURTESY – a manifestation or expression of consideration and respect to other.
R.A 3019 – GRAFT AND CORRUPT
MAL-FEASANCE
MIS-FEASANCE
NON-FEASANCE
BRIBERY
15-16-R.A 9344- CICL
15-16-JJWC - It introduces the balanced approach or the Restorative Justice. Focuses on losses suffered
by the victims, holding the offenders accountable for the harm they have caused and building peace
within the community.
R.A 10630- NEW LAW ON JJWC
15-16-DISCERNMENT - mental capacity to know what is right and what is wrong
15-16-TRUANCY – Absences of child in school for 20 days
BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD
15-16-PD 603 – “The Child and Youth Welfare Code”
15-16-NEGLECTED - one whose basic needs have been deliberately unattended or inadequately
attended.
15-16-ABANDONED - one who has no proper parental care or guardianship for a period of at least six
continuous months.
DIVERSION– refers to an alternative, child-appropriate process of determining the responsibility and
treatment of a child in conflict with the law on the basis of his/her social, cultural, economic,
psychological or educational background without resorting to formal court proceeding

CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

15-16-LAW ENFORCEMENT – refers to the person in authority or his/her agent as defined in

15-16-ARREST- It is the taking of a person into custody in order that he may be bound to answer for the
commission of an offense.(Rule 113 of the Rules of Court)
15-16-CHARGING – The prosecution will decide whether the suspect will be tried for the commission
of a crime.
15-16-ADJUDICATION - formal charges shall be filed against the accused.
15-16-SENTENCING – the judgment will consider all circumstances surrounding the case and it is his
duty to apply the provision of the law in rendering punishment or sentence against the accused.
15-16-CORRECTION - involves the convicted person’s serving of sentence imposed.
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5 PILLARS

LAW ENFORCEMENT: This first pillar consists mainly of the police.

PROSECUTION: The second pillar takes care of the investigation of criminal complaints to ensure that
there are reasonable grounds in filing such complaints.
COURTS: The courts provide opportunity for the prosecution to present evidence and establish proof of
criminal guilt of the accused(venue) .
CORRECTIONS: The fourth pillar takes over once the accused, after having been found guilty, is meted
out the penalty for the crime he committed. He can apply for probation or he could be turned over to a
non-institutional or institutional. (Weakest pillar)
15-16-COMMUNITY: reintegration of the convicted offender after serving sentence to the community.

RA 157- NBI CREATED 1947

GUARDRILLEROS – body of rural police organized in each town and established by the Royal Decree
of January 8, 1836.
GUARDIA CIVIL – created by a Royal Decree issued by the Crown on February 12, 1852 to partially
believe the Spanish Peninsular Troops of their work in policing towns.
CARRABINEROS – 1712
15-BAHAY PAG-ASA
 Refers to a 24-hour child-caring institution established, funded and managed by local government
units (LGUs) and licensed and/or accredited NGOs providing short-term residential care for
CICL who are above fifteen (15) but below eighteen (18) years of age who are awaiting court
disposition of their cases or transfer to other agencies or jurisdiction.
 Part of the features of a ‘Bahay Pag-asa’ is an Intensive Juvenile Intervention and Support
Center. (IJISC)

DSWD PNP WOMENS’ DESK

15-16-PROSECUTION; - is the process or method whereby accusations are brought before a court of
justice to determine the innocence or guilt of the respondent.
 2nd pillar takes care of the investigation of the complaint.
15-PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION – A regular investigation conducted by prosecutor in
determination of probable cause
15-RESOLUTION – is a decision of the prosecutor of the preliminary or inquest investigation
conducted
15-16-COMPLAINT – a sworn written statement charging a person with an offense, subscribe by the
offended party, any peace officer or other public officer charged with the enforcement of law violator.
15-16-INQUEST INVESTIGATION - An informal summary investigation conducted by a public
prosecutor in criminal cases involving persons arrested and detained without the benefit of a warrant of
arrest issued by the court for the purpose of determining whether or not the person should remain under
custody and correspondingly be charge in court.
15-16-PROSECUTOR - The Prosecutors is not just an ordinary official. All criminal action shall be
under the control and supervision of the prosecutor in behalf of the People of the Philippines.
15-16-PROBABLE CAUSE - is the existence of such facts and circumstances as would excite the belief
in a reasonable mind, acting on the facts within the knowledge of the prosecutor, that the person charged
was guilty of the crime for which he was prosecuted.
15-16-COURT
 is a body to which the public administration of justice is delegated. (venue)
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15-16-INFORMATION IS FILED - It is an accusation in writing charging a person with an offense,

subscribed by the prosecutor and filed with the court.
15-16-Judge - is a public officer so named in his commission (written evidence of appointment) and
appointed to preside over and to administer the law in a court of justice.
15-16-WARRANT OF ARREST – written order issued by the court commanding an officer to take into
custody of person to answer an accusation.
15-16-ARRAIGNMENT - reading nature of accusation for declaration of plead guilty or not guilty
TRIAL CONVICTION
15-16-SANDIGANG BAYAN – special court
15-16-OMBUDSMAN – special prosecutor for government employees or officials

15-16-CORRECTION –
 concerned with the custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of convicted offenders.
 As a process, 16-15-JAILS - A local country institution for incarcerating misdemeanants and
defendants who are detained pending trial. y

JAIL LAWS

Republic Act No. 6975 December 13, 1990

AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE UNDER A REORGANIZED

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES

BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY

15-16-NATIONAL PRISONER- INSULAR PRISONER – one who is sentence to a prison term or three
(3) years and one (1) day to death
LOCAL PRISONERS – 6 months and 1 day to 3 years
City Prisoner – 1 day to 3 years
Municipal prisoner – 1 day – 6 months
BJMP – attached agency of the DILG
BUCOR – agency under DOJ
BILIBID PRISON- 1847- 552 HECTARS
SAN RAMON- 1869 -1546 HECTARS-Zamboanga City
IWAHIG PRISON- 1904 36000 Hectars- Puerto Princisa City
DAVAO PRISON – JAN 21,,1932----18000 Hectares
CIW- February 14,1931 ----18 hectares
SABLAYAN PRISON - 1954 – 16000 hectares- Mindoro Occidental
CIW DAVAO – Established September 18, 2007

HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT

15-16-MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR - This criterion is how the behaviour affects the well-being of the
individual and/or social group.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDER
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15-16-PSYCHOTIC DISORDER – a severe mental disorder characterized by a retreat from a reality, by

hallucinations and delusion and by social withdrawal
15-16-PERSONALITY DISORDER – is a maladaptive personality pattern.
15-16- NEUROSIS – it is an outdated term once used to refer, as a group, to anxiety disorders,
somatoform disorders and some forms of depression.
15-16- Extrovert - sociable, impulsive, optimistic, high needs for excitement, aggressive, like, not
reliable, enjoys parties, talkative
15-16- Introvert - Quiet, cautious, avoids excitements, control feelings, reliable, unaggressive
15-16- FRUSTRATION – Is a negative emotional state that occurs when one is prevented from reaching
a goal.
15-16- AGGRESSION – refers to any response made with the intent of harming some person or objects.
16- Denial of Reality
 protection of oneself from unpleasant reality by refusal to perceive or face it. Simply by avoiding
something that is unpleasant.
Fantasy
 the gratification of frustration desires in imaginary achievement. Paying attention not to what is
going on around him but rather to what is taking place in his thoughts.
15- SUPPRESSION – is where the person consciously and deliberately pushes down any thought that
leads to feelings of anxiety.
15-16- TRIVIALIZING – when we are faced with a disappointment over something that is important to
us, we are faced with the problem of having our expectation and prediction dashed.
15-16- PANIC DISORDER – have feelings of terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning.
15- 16- Exaltation - Feeling of unwarranted well-being and happiness.
15- 16- Depression - Feeling of miserable thought, that a calamitous incident occurred in his life,
something has gone wrong with his bodily functions and prefers to be quiet and in seclusion.
15-16- PHOBIA - Excessive, irrational and uncontrollable fear of a perfectly natural situation or object.
There are some types of phobia:
15-16- Delusion - A false or erroneous belief in something which is not a fact. A person suffering from
delusion is not always insane.
15-16- PARANOID – they are prone to unjustified angry or aggressive outbursts when they perceive
others as disloyal or deceitful, more often come across as emotionally “cold” or excessively serious.
15-16- BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER – this mental illness interferes with a individual’s
ability to regulate emotion.
15-16- SCHIZOPHRENIA – a group of disorders characterized by loss of contact with the reality,
marked disturbances of thought and perception, and bizarre behavior.
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION – are disorders related to a particular phased of the sexual response cycle.
Include problems of sexual identity, sexual performance, and sexual aim.
15-16- NYMPHOMANIA - a strong sexual felling of women with excessive sexual urge
SATYRIASIS - - an excessive (sexual urge) desire of men to have sexual intercourse.
15-16- PEDOPHILIA - a sexual perversion where a person has the compulsive desire to have sexual
intercourse with a child of either sex.
15-16- SADISM – the act attaining sexual pleasure or gratification by the infliction
of pain and suffering upon another person.
15-16- VOYEURISM - the person is commonly called “the peeping Tom”, an achievement of sexual
pleasures through clandestine peeping such as dressing room, couples room, toilets, etc. NECROPHILIA
Having sexual intercourse with corps,
15-16- SODOMY - is a sexual act through the anus of the partner.
15-16- BESTIALITY - the sexual gratification is attained by having sexual intercourse with
Animals
15-16-EXHIBITIONISM- displaying sex Organ
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15-16- CRISIS MANAGEMENT - Is the act or manner of running or handling decisive matters, which
is crucial
15-16- CRISIS – came from the Greek word crisis, which means separate. Is turning points in the
progress of an affair or a series on events. .
. 15-16- PREVENTION – with most man-made crisis/emergencies, this stage involves the institution of
passive and active security measures as well as the remedy or solution of establishing factors and or
security flaws leading to such crisis emergencies.
15-16- REACTIVE PHASE – is the performance of the crisis management plan when a crisis situation
occurs despite the proactive effort.
15-16- HOSTAGE – is a person or entity which is held by a captor. Someone who is seized by a criminal
abductor in order to compel another ical harm to the hostage(s) after expiration of an ultimatum.
15-16- HOSTAGE TAKER – a person or party who seize(s) or hostage(s) is/are known as hostage-taker
(s).
CONTAIN AND NEGOTIATE – this approach to a hostage situation offers the best alternative to
successful end for a number of reasons.
CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH
15-16- RESEARCH
15-16- DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
HISTORICAL RESEARCH
(STATISTICAL AND SURVEY INSTRUMENT)
15-16- ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)
15-16- VARIABLES
15-16- PARTS OF RESEARCH
15-16- Data gathering
15-16- Research methodology
15-16- Research Respondent
Mamasapano operaztion exodus
Abusayap bearer of sword
Alcatraz-beard
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