DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE (Biology)

Time: (Afternoon Session)

Date: September 7, 2018 (Friday)

I. OBJECTIVES
1. Differentiate the three types of ecological pyramids namely number, biomass, and
energy pyramids.
2. Determine the indication of pyramid, particularly its decreasing sizes from bottom
to top, towards the number, biomass, and amount of energy possessed by organisms in
each trophic level in the ecosystem.
3. Calculate the percentage of energy transferred from one trophic level to another.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Ecological Pyramids
Materials: Laptop, projector, activity sheets, and colored band papers.
Time Frame: 1 Hour
Reference: BIOLOGY (The Unity and Diversity of Life) by Starr, Taggart, Evers,
and Starr, pp. 844 – 845
Subject Integration: Mathematics – simple calculation is applied to determine the
percentage of energy transferred.

III. METHODOLOGY

Teacher’s Activities Students’ Activities

A. Daily Routine

1. Prayer
2. Greetings
3. Checking of Attendance
4. Collecting the Assignment

B. Review

Yesterday, we talked about

ecosystem including its two basic
components. Now, let us have a
short recap on them.

What is again an ecosystem? Sir, an ecosystem is a higher level of

organization which includes the
community (the set of all population
that inhabit a certain area) plus its
physical environment.

Very good! What are the two basic Sir, the biotic and abiotic factors.
components of ecosystem?
 Very good! What is the distinction
between biotic and abiotic factors?
Very good!
C. Motivation
Now let me divide you into three.
I will give you a set of letters.
What you are going to do, in turn,
is to make a simple word synthesis.
Using the letters, you are going to
form two words based on the picture
clues that I am going to show you
later. The first group to show me
the correct two words within a
minute will get five points.
D. Presentation
This morning, we are going to
tackle about “ecological pyramids”.
Now let me ask you, based on your
schemata, what is an ecological
pyramid?
Very good! Now take a look at this
illustration.
What do you observe?
Sir, the distinction between biotic
and abiotic factors is that, biotic
factors are those organisms living
or present in a particular
environment, whereas abiotic factors
are those non-living things such as
water, air, soil, and rocks.
Picture Clues:
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS
Sir, an ecological pyramid is a
graphical representation showing
the number of organisms in each
trophic level. Trophic is derived from
the Greek word which means
“feeder”.
Sir, organisms are arranged
accordingly from bottom to top.
The producers are located at the
bottom or base, followed by the
primary consumers, the secondary

Very good! Now let me ask you
some questions. In this graphical
representation, why do you think
pyramid is used? Why not square
to make it ecological square?
What is the main characteristic
of a pyramid that other graphical
shapes do not have?
Very good! There are three types of
ecological pyramids. These are the
number pyramid, biomass pyramid,
and energy pyramid.
First, what is number pyramid?
Very good! How about the biomass?
Very good! How about the energy
pyramid?
Very good!
1. Activity
Now, let’s have your group activity.
Same groupings.
Your activity is about the energy
pyramid. Here’s your activity sheet.
This is for 20 points. Please read the
procedures carefully then answer
the table as well as the questions
provided below.
I will give you 10 minutes to do your
tasks and right after, finished or
unfinished, the leader from each
group will present their output.
consumers, and located at the top
are the tertiary consumers.
Sir, because of its varying sizes or
lengths from its base to its upper
parts. Its decreasing sizes or lengths
from its base to its upper parts can
graphically represent the number
of organisms by means of trophic
levels. Thus, the largest size of its base
indicates a great number of organisms
whereas, the smaller sizes of its upper
parts indicate lesser number of
organisms.
Sir, number pyramid illustrates the
number of organisms in each trophic
level in the ecosystem.
Sir, biomass pyramid illustrates the
dry weight of all organisms in each
trophic level in the ecosystem.
Sir, energy pyramid illustrates the
amount of energy present in each
trophic level in the ecosystem.
Topic: Energy Pyramid
Objective: calculate the percentage
of energy transferred from one
trophic level to another.
What to do?
1. Observe the energy pyramid on
the second page.
2. On the table provided, you write
down the organisms and the energy
possessed in each trophic level.
3. Calculate the percentage of energy
that is transferred from the first
trophic level to the second trophic
 level. Divide energy from trophic
level one and multiply by 100. This
amount is the percentage of energy
transferred. Remember to add
the percent sign (%).
4. Calculate the percentage of energy
transferred from trophic level 2 to
trophic level 3.
5. Calculate the percentage of energy
transferred from trophic level 3 to
trophic level 4.
6. Answer the questions provided
below the table.

Trophic Energy Energy

Level Organism (kcal) Transferred
1 --------
2

Let me ask you.

1. How many percent of energy is
transferred from one trophic level
to another?
2. Which trophic level possesses
great amount of energy?
3. Which trophic level possesses
lest amount of energy?

2. Analysis

Now, let us have the presentation

of your outputs. This is for additional
10 points so, all-in-all you are
anticipated to have 30 points in this
activity. Here is the scoring rubric.

CONTENT: 5 points
DELIVERY: 5 points

Leaders, prepare yourselves. We will

start with the group 1, followed by the
group 2, and 3. (Leaders do the presentation.)

3. Abstraction

Now, based on what you have

learned about your activity, which
do you think is more advisable to eat,
 meat or vegetable? Sir, vegetable.

Why? Sir, because vegetables are also

plants which are generally known
as producers. Therefore, we can have
more energy by eating vegetables
rather than meat.

Very well said!

4. Application

Now, let us have the game,

“What should I eat?” This game is
composed of five rounds. In each
round, I am going to show you three
different pictures of organisms.
What you are going to do, in turn,
is to choose the greatest source of
energy by writing its name on the
illustration board. The first group
to show me the correct name of
organism will get a pyramid from
the group which they are following.
Anyway, each pyramid is equivalent
to a point. After the fifth round, the
group that will possess the highest
number of pyramids will be declared
as the winner. (Students do the game.)

IV. EVALUATION

Get ¼ sheet of paper then number

it from 1 to 5. Do not forget to write
you name, your grade and section,
as well as the date for today.

MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. How many percent of energy is Ans. B

transferred from one trophic level to
another?
a. 50% b. 10% c. 30% d. 20%

2. Ecological pyramid is divided into Ans. A

trophic levels. In which trophic level
 do the producers found?
a. trophic level 1 b. trophic level 2
c. trophic level 3 d. trophic level 4

3. Which of the following ecological Ans. C

pyramids illustrates the amount of
energy transferred from one trophic
level to another?
a. number pyramids
b. biomass pyramid
c. energy pyramid
d. food pyramid

4. In which trophic level do herbivores Ans. B

found?
a. trophic level 1 b. trophic level 2
c. trophic level 3 d. trophic level 4

5. Which of the following trophic Ans. A

levels possesses greatest amount of
energy?
a. trophic level 1 b. trophic level 2
c. trophic level 3 d. trophic level 4

V. ASSIGNMENT

Make your own design of the three types of ecological pyramids (number,
biomass, and energy). Put them separately in clean, short band papers.

Prepared by:

MIGUELA G. GIRAY
- Science Teacher -