Module I

•Architects Act ’72-Council of Architecture,Functions and Powers, Architects

Regulations.

•Standard terms for comprehensive architectural services including UD and

Conservation works, guidelines for architectural competitions.

•IIA- Functions and Powers, Registration for membership.

Necessity of Engagement

• It’s a matter of voluntary agreement.

• Beneficial to both client & architect.
• Determine the professional service.
• And also the professional fees and charges.

Letter of Appointment

• To facilitate the engagement of an Architect.

• Evolved by COA.
From: LETTER OF APPOINTMENT Date

To

Dear Sir,
We have great pleasure in appointing your firm as our architects for Comprehensive Architectural
services/ Urban Design/ Landscape Architecture/ Interior Architecture as detailed below :

Project____________________________________
Services___________________________________
Fees______________________________________

This letter of appointment together with Conditions of Engagement and Scale of Charges of Council of
Architecture, as appended herewith, shall govern the agreement. This letter is being sent in duplicate.
One copy may please be signed in token of your acceptance and returned to us.
Thanking You,
Yours faithfully,
Signature of Client
ACCEPTED
Signature of Architect
Name of Architect_______________________
Council of Architecture's
Registration No.__________________________
Date_____________________
Place_____________________
Seal of the Firm____________
 CONDITIONS OF ENGAGEMENT

The Clients Responsibilities

He shall provide,
• Detailed requirement list of the project with budget provisions.
• All property documents and site features.
• Detailed soil survey if necessary.
• Specific conditions, statutory agreements, schedule of rates etc.
• Professional fees as prescribed by the COA with in 1 month of submission of bill.
• Shall pay all fees, security deposits and expenses etc for the permission purpose.
• Shall appoint a site supervisor, construction manger or management agency and
consultants as per Architect’s advice.
• Shall not make any changes in drawings without Architect’s consultation.
 DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR MUNICIPAL/PANCHAYATHSUBMISSION
TO CLIENT

The following documents are required from you for processing the submission drawing:

• Tax receipt of land.

• Tax receipt of existing building, if any.
• Possession certificate.
• Documents.
• Original documents for submission.
• Copies of documents for submission drawings.
• Stamp paper ( 50 Rs. )
• Ward no., Survey no, R S no.
• Scheme for zoning and widening
• In case of existing drainage, the width and depth
• North
• Nearest building nos.& address
• Near electric post nos.
• location of the nearest septic tank, leach pit, well
• Road widening line & building line. Width of road widening and distance of building line from site boundary.
• Location plan
• Key plan ( sketch plan from the survey department)
• Demolishing building plan (with building no.), if any.
• Existing well in the site( Proposed wells if any)
• Exact boundary dimension according to the document
• Exact area from document
• Road width, road direction

Kindly provide us these details as soon as possible.

The Architect’s Responsibilities

• Design the project as per needs and requirements of the client.

• Shall complete with the approval of client.
• Shall supply drawings of Stage 1 & 2 - 4 sets.
Stage 3 – 6 sets of final drawings with specifications.
• And 6 additional sets as per client’s request.
• Advice the client on Time and progress chart – Scheduling- MS project.
• Any deviation done by the contractor -notice –report to the client.
• No liability for the damages or defective part – done by contractor.
• All drawings,specification etc are the property of Architect whether the project is
executed or not.
Joint Responsibilities
• Letter of appointment.
• Either party can terminate the engagement at any stage –as per the condition of
agreement – with notice period of 30 days.
• The dispute shall be referred to the COA for arbitration.
• Architect shall make change in drawings and documents of the draft as per the
request of client - Required additional service charge.

•If client stopped the architectural service

after stage 2 - need to give up to 20% of the
fee.
• In case of any claim or suit is brought
against architect or consultant by a third party
( a person employed by the client ) – client
will be responsible – compensate for the loss .
 COMPREHENSIVE SERVICES OF AN ARCHITECT

• Taking Client's instructions and preparation of design brief.

• Site evaluation, analysis and impact of existing and / or proposed
development on its immediate environment.
• Design and site development.
• Structural design.
• Sanitary, plumbing, drainage, water supply and sewerage design.
• Electrical, electronic, communication systems and design.
• Heating, ventilation and air conditioning design (HVAC) and other mechanical
systems likeElevators, escalators, etc.
• Fire detection, Fire protection and Security systems etc.
• Periodic inspection and evaluation of Construction works.
 SCALE OF PROFESSIONAL FEES AND OTHER CHARGES

ARCHITECTURAL WORKS

• Single Block Housing and sites upto 0.5 hectare : 5 % on the cost of works assigned.
• For a site more than 0.5 hectare and upto 2.5 hectares : 3.5 %.
more than 2.5 hectares and upto 5 hectares : 2.5 %.
more than 5 hectares : 2 %
• Individual House : 7.5 %.
• All projects other than housing : 5%.
• Repetition of the building in the same campus : 2.5%.
• Repetition of the building at a different site : 3.5%.
• Site development except Housing and other buildings : 2.5 %
• Architectural additions and alterations : 7.5 %
URBAN DESIGN

• For all projects except Housing: 1 % on the cost of works assigned, to be computed at a
rate of Rs 6000 / sq.m of proposed built-up area.
• Housing Projects : 20 % of the fee payable for housing at a rate of Rs 6000 / sq.m of
proposed built-up area.
• In case of Urban Renewal projects fee payable shall be 1.5 times of the fee stated above
based on actual cost of works assigned. ( minimum fees -250000/- )

INTERIOR DESIGN,LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & GRAPHIC DESIGN

7.5 % on the cost of works assigned.

MISCELLANEOUS
Site Visits :
•Outstation Visit
Travelling, Boarding & Lodging Expenses - Actual Air/ AC First Class Fare (to & fro), AC
Car, Boarding & Lodging Expenses and Local Transport - For each day – Rs 3000/-
•Local site visit/ field visit per day – 1000/-
Advisory Consultancy:
•Outstation :
All as above + 10000 per day or part thereof
•Local : 4000/- per day or part thereof.

Documentation & Communication charges: 10% of the professional fees.

Verification and Certification of contractor’s bills: 1% in addition to above fees.

Note:
• For works costing upto Rs. 15 lakhs the professional fees may be negotiable
between the Architect and the Client.
• When an Architect is engaged to undertake Comprehensive Architectural Services
- as a follow up of an Urban Design/ Urban Renewal Scheme, his professional fee
for Comprehensive Architectural /Landscape Services shall be reduced by 20%.
• The service tax for the Architectural service – shall be payable by the client.
• The actual cost of the project includes – cost of execution of assigned work and
also the equipment and machinery but excluding the cost of land.
• Client shall pay for extra works – presentation models, computer simulations etc.
 SCHEDULE OF PAYMENT FOR SERVICES AT VARIOUS STAGES
ARCHITECTURAL WORKS

• STAGE 1 : CONCEPT DESIGN

Payment : 15 % of the total fees on rough estimate.
• STAGE 2 : PRELIMINARY DESIGN & DRAWINGS
Payment : 20 % of the total fees – Fees paid earlier
• STAGE 3 : DRAWINGS FOR STATUTORY APPROVAL
Payment : 35 % of the total fees – Total fees paid earlier
• STAGE 4 : WORKING DRAWINGS & TENDER DOCUMENTS
Payment : 45 % of the total fees – Total fees paid earlier
• STAGE 5 : APPOINTMENT OF CONTRACTORS
Payment : 55 % of the total fees – Total fees paid earlier
• STAGE 6 : CONSTRUCTION
Payment : 90 % of the total fees on tender cost – Total fees paid earlier
• STAGE 7 : COMPLETION
Payment : 100 % of the total fees on tender cost – Total fees paid earlier
URBAN DESIGN

• STAGE 1 : SITE EVALUATION – PRELIMINARY REPORT

Payment : 15 % of the total fees on rough estimate.
• STAGE 2 : CONCEPT DESIGN
Payment : 45 % of the total fees – Fees paid earlier
• STAGE 3 : DETAIL DESIGN
Payment : 85 % of the total fees – Total fees paid earlier
• STAGE 4 : IMPLEMENTATION
Payment : 100 % of the total fees – Total fees paid earlier
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

• STAGE 1 : CONCEPT DESIGN

Payment : Rs.20000 or 5% of the total fees.
• STAGE 2 : PRELIMINARY DESIGN & DRAWINGS
Payment : 20 % of the total fees – Fees paid earlier
• STAGE 3 : DRAWINGS FOR STATUTORY APPROVAL
Payment : 35 % of the total fees – Total fees paid earlier
• STAGE 4 : WORKING DRAWINGS & TENDER DOCUMENTS
Payment : 45 % of the total fees – Total fees paid earlier
• STAGE 5 : APPOINTMENT OF CONTRACTORS
Payment : 55 % of the total fees – Total fees paid earlier
• STAGE 6 : CONSTRUCTION
Payment : 65 % of the total fees on tender cost – Total fees paid earlier
• STAGE 7 : COMPLETION
Payment : 100 % of the total fees on tender cost – Total fees paid earlier
INTERIOR DESIGN

• STAGE 1 : CONCEPT DESIGN

Payment : Rs.20000 or 5% of the total fees.
• STAGE 2 : PRELIMINARY DESIGN & DRAWINGS
Payment : 20 % of the total fees – Fees paid earlier
• STAGE 3 : DRAWINGS FOR STATUTORY APPROVAL
Payment : 35 % of the total fees – Total fees paid earlier
• STAGE 4 : WORKING DRAWINGS & TENDER DOCUMENTS
Payment : 45 % of the total fees – Total fees paid earlier
• STAGE 5 : APPOINTMENT OF CONTRACTORS
Payment : 55 % of the total fees – Total fees paid earlier
• STAGE 6 : CONSTRUCTION
Payment : 65 % of the total fees on tender cost – Total fees paid earlier
• STAGE 7 : COMPLETION
Payment : 100 % of the total fees on tender cost – Total fees paid earlier
Note:
The payment due to the architect at different stages shall be computed on the
following basis,
Stage 1 : On rough estimate
Stage 2 to 4 : On preliminary estimate
Stage 5 & 6 : On accepted tender cost
Stage 7 : On actual cost
PURPOSE
• An organization that intends on constructing a new building - invites architects to
submit design proposals.

• The winning design- chosen by an independent panel of design professionals and

stakeholders (such as government and local representatives).

• To generate new ideas for building design, to stimulate public debate, generate
publicity for the project, and allow emerging designers the opportunity to gain
exposure.

• To award commissions for public buildings.

• In some countries rules for tendering public building contracts - mandatory open
architectural competition.
SOME MAJOR DESIGN COMPETITION RESULTS

• 2,500-year-old history.
• The Acropolis in Athens -in 448 B.C.
• Several cathedrals in the Middle Ages.
• During the Renaissance - many church projects -
eg:- Florence Cathedral at Italy
Peace Palace at Netherlands
SOME MAJOR DESIGN COMPETITION RESULTS

• Sydney Opera House, Sydney by Jorn Utzon

• Guggenheim Museum ,Bilbao by Frank Gehry
• Millennium Bridge by Norman Foster
TYPE OF COMPETITIONS

1. Idea / Project competitions

2. Open competitions
3. Limited competition / competition by invitation
4. Special competition

Idea / project Competitions

• May be either "Projects" or "Ideas" competitions or combination of both.

• The aim - to find the best solution for an actual building project and to appoint its
author to carry out the commission.
• Competitions of Ideas - to explain certain aspects of architectural and town
planning problems.
• The winner - may not be commissioned to carry out the project.
• Students of architecture may participate by the decision of the promoter.
Open Competitions

• All Architects are invited to participate - through an announcement by

advertisements - which may be issued by the promoters.
• For projects estimated at less than Rs. 10,00,000/-
• May be restricted to Architects who have their main or branch office in the State of
the project site.

Limited competition / competition by invitation

• Limited amount of Architects (approx. 5 to 8) - selected by the promoter on the

advice of the Senior Architect Assessor or Board of Assessors - are invited to
participate.
• Each participant who submits his designs shall receive an honorarium.
Special Competitions

• Competition may also combine town planning as well as design problem, and may
involve the use of industrial components or participation of developers.
• Participation may be required to be limited to professionals or group of
professionals with certain definite expertise.
• In such cases the competition announcement shall clearly define the field of
expertise.
COMPETITION ORGANISATION
Competitions may be organized in one or two stages.
Single stage Competitions

• The competition entries shall be fairly complete drawings i.e. plans, section,
elevations, etc. to a suitable scale.
• Sufficient to explain the scheme as set out in the competition conditions.
• Shall be assessed by the Assessors for the award of the prizes and the appointment
of the architect.
• Such competitions are recommended for small and simple project.
Two stage Competitions

• First stage - drawings to a suitable scale sufficient to indicate the intentions of the
competitor.
• Designs shall be assessed by the Assessors for selecting a small number of
competitors (between 5 and 10).
• The author of these selected designs will be invited to take part in the second
stage of the competition, and each architect so invited would be paid a specified
sum.
• In order to maintain anonymity, each competitor will be informed individually
whether he has been or has not been invited to participate in the second stage.

• The Board of Assessors - if found necessary and with the approval of the Promoter,
clarify or amplify points in the competition conditions for the benefit of the second
stage competitors.

• The period between - first stage and submission of designs for the second stage -
shall not exceed six months. Only under exceptional circumstances period may be
extended.
• The second stage of the competition may be limited to only a part of the subject
dealt with in the first stage.

• Members of the Board of Assessors shall be the same for first stage and second
stage of the competition.

• The designs submitted for both the first stage and the second stage shall be
exhibited and/or published only after the final award of the second stage
competition.

• If any design selected for the second stage is published or exhibited before the
final award of the second stage has been declared, it will be disqualified.

• Two stage competitions are recommended for town planning and for large scale or
complex project.
Regional special category competitions

• This type of competition is intended for - small projects of charitable organizations

in which four to six local firms will compete for the appointment as the Architect.

• No premiums are given and the winner shall be appointed to carry out the project.

ROLE OF ASSESSORS AND ADVISORS

ASSESSORS

• Assist in the preparation and approval of the brief.

• Study and understand the requirements of the Local authorities
• Visit and examine the project site, if necessary.
• Advise on the appointment of the Technical Advisers, if necessary.
• Finalise the competition conditions.
• Prepare the final report/award.
ADVISORS

• Technical Adviser
• Professional Adviser

Technical adviser
• To assist in the preparation of the brief for the competition project .
• To advise the Board of Assessors, only when called upon to do so, on the
competition design entries.
• The advise of the technical adviser will be limited and have no voting rights.

Professional adviser
• An Architect registered with the COA.
• The first stage of the competition the sealed envelopes containing the names of the
competitors shall be opened only by the Promoter or Professional Adviser.
• To clarify or amplify any aspect of the competition project to the competitors
selected for the second stage.
 CONDITIONS FOR CONDUCTING A COMPETITION

• Should be based upon the guidelines of COA.

• The type & purpose should be clearly mentioned.

• Should clearly indicate the number and nature of prizes, name of assessors and the
language.

• Project brief and conditions – prepared by promoters in consultation with assessors –

all members of the board should approve this.

• Clearly indicate which requirement of the project is mandatory.

• The information should be specific without any misinterpretation.

• Must indicate the promoter’s priorities – functional aspect,construction

economy,technical or circulation problems etc.
• Conditions of the Competition are issued on a fixed amount of fee. If competitor
decide not to compete and return the conditions within 4 weeks prior to the date of
submission – promoter should refund the fee.

• The submission should enclose the bona fide certificate of competitor.

• If association the partnership should indicate.

• The awards shall be final and binding and made public by a date stated in the
conditions.

• The Board of Assessors can adopt "promoters' choice“while giving awards.

• If estimation is required – standard format should be issued.

• The final year students can also participate even if their faculty works as one of the
three assessors.
 COPY RIGHT AND TERMINATION OF COMPETITION

COPY RIGHT
• Each competitor shall retain copyright in his own competition design.

• The first prize only shall be used by the promoter for the commissioning
and the author of the design can render professional services to carry
out the project.

• No other design whether selected or not shall be used wholly or in part

by the promoter.

• The promoter's right on the design is for one execution only. The
competition conditions however may provide for repetitive work and
shall specify the terms thereof.

• Each competitor shall retain the right of reproduction of his design.

TERMINATION

• The promoter may terminate the competition if in the opinion of the

Board of Assessors none of the competition designs could be declared as
a winning entry.
• In this event the promoter under the advice of the Board of Assessors
shall award second, third and additional prizes as declared and none of
the competitors will be considered for appointment as the architect for
the project and the promoter will not be liable to make any further
payments to any of the competitors.
HISTORY

The Architectural Student’s Association (1917-22)

• On May – 12th, 1917 - the first meeting held -the members present decided to form
themselves into an association of the past students of Architecture of Sir J.J. School
of Art - “The Architectural Students Association”.

• Late Mr. George Wittet, the then Consulting Architect to the Government of
Bombay, was unanimously elected as the first “President” of the Association.
The Bombay Architectural Association (1922-29)

Mr. Batley was elected President in 1921 - members began to seriously consider an
improvement in status of the Association.

The word “Students” seemed inapt for a body that had now practicing Architects -
General Meeting held on the 15th June 1922- the changes in the Constitution and
Bye-Laws - were unanimously approved and in the 3rd ordinary meeting of the
members on 3rd August 1922, Mr. Batley, President, announced the formal
inauguration of the Association.
Affiliation To The Royal Institute Of British Architects (1925)

• As for back as the beginning in 1922, there had been tentative visions of affiliation
with that powerful and Empire-Wide architectural body - The Royal Institute of British
Architects.

• The first examination could be held only in 1930.

• The five year Diploma Course inaugurated in 1923, was recognized for exemption
from the intermediate examination.
The Indian Institute Of Architects (1929)

• Affiliation with R.I.B.A. in 1925 led to consideration of further changes in the existing
Constitution and Bye-Laws.

• It was on 2nd September 1929 that the new body was re-organized in Bombay and
officially registered as “THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS”.

• In 1929, the membership was 158. Today it has crossed the 20,000 mark.
Its chief objects were;

• “To continue the work of the Bombay Architectural Association.

• “To encourage the study of Architecture, to elevate the standard of Architectural

Practice and by mutual support, to promote the interests of Architects
throughout India”.

• The Institute began its activities in the room of the Sohrab F. Bharoocha
Architectural Library, Bombay and this therefore was the first permanent
headquarters for the various activities of the Institute.

• Now - Prospect Chambers Annexe, Dr. Dadabhai Naoroji Road, Mumbai.

• The IIA is registered under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860 as a
voluntary organisation of Architects.
ROLE AND ACTIVITIES

• The Institute has a major role to play in promoting the profession of architecture.

• The programmes are conducted through its Chapters and Centres who communicate
with the public in various regional languages by using the press and electronic
media.

• Public lectures are also arranged on celebrating days such as the World Environment
Day, the World Habitat Day etc.

• The IIA Publications Board and the Editorial Committee publish the Journal of the
Indian Institute of Architects (JIIA) and a Newsletter every month.

• Organizing and uniting the fellowship of architects within and outside the country.
• Encouraging the planning and building standards of architectural education,training
and practice.

• Inventing and imposing the means of testing the qualification of candidates for
admission to the member institute.

• Considering all questions effecting practice of architecture and making necessary

arrangements for changes suitable architectural practice.

• Coordinating the activities of the building industry and architecture profession in

association with other bodies and institutions.
MEBERSHIP OF IIA

Student Member

• A student from College of Architecture

• A membership fee will be there.
• Can participate programmes conduct by IIA
• Cannot attend the general body meetings.
• Can use the libraries of IIA Centres and Head office.

Associate Member

• A graduate from College of Architecture

• Minimum age 21 years.
• Can participate programmes conduct by IIA
• Can attend the general body meetings and have voting rights.
• Can use A.I.I.A after his name.
Fellow Member

• An indication of seniority in profession.

• Minimum age is 36 with professional experience of 10 years.
• Can write as F.I.I.A after his name.
• Only he can practice as Arbitrator.
• All other rights are same as associate.

Honorary Fellow Member

• A person may not be a qualified architect but has contributed to architectural

profession in some way.
• Elected by the IIA Council.
THE COUNCIL OF IIA

• All activities and affairs of the Institute – managed by Council.

• Consist of,
• A President.
• 2 Vice –presidents
• 2 secretaries
• 1 treasurer
• 1 editor
• 7 members

• The immediate past prsident and chairman of all zones,state chapters,and city
centres are also the members of the Council.

• Council hold its office for 2 years period.

CHAPTER & CENTERS

• There are ,
22 Chapters,47 Centers and 14 Sub centers all over India.

Chapters

1. Andhra Pradesh. 13. Madhya Pradesh

2. Assam. 14. Maharashtra
3. Bihar. 15. Northern
4. Jharkhand. 16. Odisha
5. Chandigarh. 17. Punjab
6. Chhattisgarh. 18. Rajasthan
7. Goa. 19. Tamil Nadu
8. Gujarat. 20. Telangana
9. Haryana. 21. UP & Uttarakhand
10. Himachal Pradesh. 22. West Bengal
11. Karnataka.
12. Kerala.
Centers in Kerala

1. Thiruvananthapuram
2. Thrissur
3. Calicut
4. Cochin
5. Kannur
6. Kollam
7. Kottayam

Sub Centers in Kerala

1. Palakkad
• The implementation of five year plan expanded the building activities.

• Many unqualified persons calling themselves as architects started practice – results-

frequently un safe,uneconomical,and aesthetically ugly.

• Damaged the image of architects – felt a need of statutory regulations to protect

• First meeting of Architects and Engineers held at New Delhi in 1946 – for Architects
Bill – under leadership of Mr.C.H.Bhabha – For Architect’s registration – but not
passed.

• Again introduced on April –May 1972.

• Sanctioned on 1st September,1972.

 SCOPE ,ROLE AND FEATURES
• To protect the title “Architect”.

• A clear distinction between qualified and unqualified persons.

• To create a body corporate by the Name of “ Council of Architecture “.

• For the enrolment of persons who hold degree or diploma of Architecture.

• Prescribed the standard of professional conduct and code of ethics for qualified and
registered architects.

• To hold enquiries into misconduct of the registered architects and taking suitable
action.

• The Act was extended to the whole of India.

• The Act had 4 chapters with 45 sections and a schedule of qualifications.
• Background and Functions
• Constitution
• Powers of the council
• Registration of Architects