Short-Circuit Hand Calculation

(IEC 60909)
By Engr. Jonald Ravelo, PEE
Facebook Group: Electrical Practitioner – (Philippines)
1.1.1 Short-Circuit Impedance Calculation
Network Source:
S"k3Q =525MVA, θ=arctan(X/R)=arctan(2.54)=68.51°
I"k1 =0.396kA, θ=arctan(X/R)=arctan(0.0318)=1.821°

 Network Source Impedance

2
cUnQ 1.1x(22kV)2
ZQ = = =1014.09 mΩ
S"kQ 525MVA
ZQ =1014.09 mΩ<68.51°
ZQ =(371.5+j943.6)mΩ @ 22kV
2
3.45kV
ZQ =(371.5+j943.6)mΩ x
22kV
ZQ =(9.14+j23.20 )mΩ @ 3.3kV
 Network Source Ground Impedance
√3cUn √3x1.1x22kV
ZQ = -2Z1 = -2(371.5+j943.6)mΩ
I"k1 0.396kA<-1.821°
ZQ =(105051+j1476)mΩ @ 22kV
2
3.45kV
ZQ =(105051+j1476)mΩ x
22kV
ZQ =(2583.41+j36.31)mΩ @ 3.3kV

Table 1 Short Circuit Supply Network Impedance

Z Type @ 22kV @ 3.3kV
(mΩ) R (mΩ) X (mΩ) R (mΩ) X (mΩ)
3Ph 371.50 943.60 9.14 23.20
ZQ
1Ph 105051 1476 2583.41 36.31
 Transformer Impedance TR-70A
²
UrT (22kV)2
ZT =µkr =0.07x =5420.8mΩ
SrT 6.25MVA

Table 2 Transformer Typical %Z and X/R (From IEC 60076-5 2000 and
Areva Ch.5)
Rating (MVA) %Z X/R
≤0.630 4 1.5
0.631 - 1.25 5 3.5
1.251 - 2.5 6 6
2.501 - 6.3 7 8.5

From table above a 6.25MVA transformer will have X/R ratio of 8.5
X
θ= arctan = arctan(8.5) =83.29°
R
ZT = 5420.8mΩ<83.29°
ZT = (633.37+j5383.67)mΩ @22kV

 With Correction Factor kT

XT
xT =µXr = ²
per unit
UrT
SrT
5383.67mΩ
xT =µXr = ²
=0.0695 per unit
(22kV)
6.25MVA
0.95cmax 0.95x1.1
kT = = =1.0032
1+0.6xT 1+0.6(0.0695)

ZTk =ZT kT =(633.37+j5383.67)mΩx1.0032

ZTk =(635.37+j5400.66)mΩ @22kV

2
3.45kV
ZTk =(635.37+j5400.66)mΩx
22kV
ZTk =(15.63+j132.81)mΩ @ 3.3kV
 Transformer Impedance TR-1A
²
UrT (3.3kV)2
ZT =µkr =0.04x =871.2mΩ
SrT 0.5MVA

From table above a 0.5MVA transformer will have X/R ratio of 1.5
X
θ= arctan = arctan(1.5) =56.31°
R
ZT = 871.2mΩ<56.31°
ZT = (483.25396+j724.8828)mΩ @3.3kV

 With Correction Factor kT

XT
xT =µXr = ²
per unit
UrT
SrT
724.88mΩ
xT =µXr = ²
=0.033282 per unit
(3.3kV)
0.5MVA
0.95cmax 0.95x1.1
kT = = =1.02454
1+0.6xT 1+0.6(0.033282)

ZTk =ZT kT =(483.25396+j724.8828)mΩx1.02454

ZTk =(495.113+j742.6714)mΩ @3.3kV

2
22kV
ZTk =(495.113+j742.6714)mΩx
3.45kV
ZTk =(20133+j30200)mΩ @ 22kV

Table 3 Short Circuit Transformer Impedance

ZTk @ 22kV @ 3.3kV
(mΩ ) Rtk (mΩ ) Xtk (mΩ) Rtk (mΩ ) Xtk (mΩ)
ZTk TR-70A 635.37 5400.66 15.63 132.81
ZTk TR-71A 992.77 8438.53 24.41 207.52
ZTk TR-1A 20133 30200 495.11 742.67
ZTk TR-2A 6178 21624 151.93 531.77
ZTk TR-3A 6178 21624 151.93 531.77
ZTk TR-4A 6178 21624 151.93 531.77
 Neutral Earthing Resistor (NER)
3.45kV
Vp
RNER-70A = = √3 =4979.6mΩ @ 3.3kV
I 400A

 Cable Impedance
22kV Cable:
ZC70 =0.02km x (0.342+j0.115)Ω/km
ZC70=(6.84+j2.3)mΩ @ 22kV
2
3.45kV
ZC70 =(6.84+j2.3)mΩx
22kV
ZC70 =(0.1682+j0.0566)mΩ @3.3kV

3.3kV Cable:
ZC1 =0.42km x (0.927+j0.111)Ω/km
ZC1=(389.34+j46.62)mΩ @ 3.3kV
2
22kV
ZC1 =(389.34+j46.62)mΩx
3.45kV
ZC1 =(15832+j1896)mΩ @22kV

Table 4 Short-Circuit Cables Impedance

Z @ 22kV @ 3.3kV
(mΩ) R (mΩ) X (mΩ) R (mΩ) X (mΩ)
ZC70 6.84 2.3 0.1682 0.0566
ZC71 957.6 322 23.549 7.919
ZC1 15832 1896 389.34 46.62
ZC2 15832 1896 389.34 46.62
ZC3 19978 2392 491.31 58.83
ZC4 22617 2708 556.20 66.60
ZC5 30156 3611 741.60 88.80
ZC6 18848 2257 463.50 55.50
ZC7 26387 3160 648.90 77.70
ZC8 23748 2844 584.01 69.93
ZC9 23748 2844 584.01 69.93
ZC10 26387 3160 648.90 77.70
ZC11 26387 3160 648.90 77.70
ZC12 151 56 3.71 1.38
ZC13 8082 4392 198.75 108.00
 ZC14 5431 2951 133.56 72.58
ZC15 8848 5800 217.60 142.63

 Motor Impedance
2
1 UrM P
ZM = ; SrM =
ILR SrM pfxȠ
IrM
1 (3.3kV)2
ZM1 = x =8636.19mΩ
6.5 160kW
0.87x0.948
The RM and XM of an asynchronous motor can be calculated with
sufficient accuracy using RM/XM ratio of 0.15 applicable for MV motor
with less than 1MVA as per IEC 60909.
X 1
θ= arctan = arctan =81.469°
R 0.15

ZM1 = 8636.19mΩ<81.469°
ZM1 = (1281+j8541)mΩ @3.3kV

2
22kV
ZM1 =(1281+j8541)mΩx
3.45kV
ZM1 =(52094+j347294)mΩ @22kV

Table 5 Short-Circuit Asynchronous Impedance

Z @ 22kV @ 3.3kV
(mΩ) R (mΩ) X (mΩ) R (mΩ) X (mΩ)
ZM1 52094 347294 1281 8541
ZM2 52094 347294 1281 8541
ZM3 38047 253643 936 6238
ZM4 74894 499294 1842 12279
ZM5 52094 347294 1281 8541
ZM6 62287 415246 1532 10212
ZM7 62287 415246 1532 10212
ZM8 38047 253643 936 6238
ZM9 38047 253643 936 6238
ZM10 38047 253643 936 6238
ZM11 38047 253643 936 6238
 3.3kV Lump Load Impedance
Motor loads that are outside the scope but contributing short-circuit can
be combined into a single equivalent motors or lumped load. The 3.3kV
lump1 is assumed to be 90% of transformer rated power with I LR/IrM ratio
of 6.5.
2
1 UrM
ZLump1 =
ILR SrM
IrM
1 (3.3kV)2
ZLump1 = x =465.3846mΩ
6.5 (0.9x4MVA)

The RM and XM of Lump1 can be calculated using RM/XM ratio of 0.10

applicable for MV motor with equal or greater than 1MVA as per IEC
60909.
X 1
θ= arctan = arctan =84.289°
R 0.1
ZLump1 = 465.38mΩ<84.289°
ZLump1 = (46.31+j463.08)mΩ @3.3kV

2
22kV
ZLump1 =(46.31+j463.08)mΩx
3.45kV
ZLump1 =(1883+j18830)mΩ @22kV

Table 6 Short-Circuit Lump1 Impedance

Z @ 22kV @ 3.3kV
(mΩ) R (mΩ) X (mΩ) R (mΩ ) X (mΩ)
ZLump1 1883 18830 46.31 463.08

 LV Lump Load
To simplify the calculation each LV lump load is assumed to be 90% of
transformer rated power. A typical ILR/IrM ratio of 5 be used for LV motors
as per IEC 60909.
 2
1 UrM
ZLump2 =
ILR SrM
IrM
1 (0.4kV)2
ZLump2 = x =71.111mΩ
5 (0.9x0.5MVA)

The RM and XM of Lump2 can be calculated using RM/XM ratio of 0.42

applicable for LV motor as per IEC 60909.
X 1
θ= arctan = arctan =67.218°
R 0.42

ZLump2 = 71.111mΩ<67.218°
ZLump2 = (27.536+j65.563)mΩ @0.4kV
2
3.3kV
ZLump2 =(27.563+j65.563)mΩx
0.42kV
ZLump2 =(1700+j4048)mΩ @3.3kV
2
22kV
ZLump2 =(1700+j4048)mΩ
3.45kV
ZLump2 =(69127+j164587)mΩ @22kV

Table 7 Short-Circuit LV Lump Impedance

Z @ 22kV @ 3.3kV
(mΩ) R (mΩ) X (mΩ) R (mΩ) X (mΩ)
ZLump2 69127 164587 1700 4048
ZLump3 34564 82295 850 2024
ZLump4 34564 82295 850 2024
ZLump5 34564 82295 850 2024
1.1.2 Short-Circuit Calculation at MV SWGR-02 (Device Duty)

Figure 1 Impedance Diagram @ 3.3kV

 Solving Partial Impedance at branch Zs

ZQ x Zc71 +ZTk TR-71A +ZLump1
Zs =ZTk TR-70A +Zc70 +
ZQ +Zc71 +ZTk TR-71A +ZLump1

Zs=(24.43+j155.35) mΩ

1.1.2.1 Solving Initial Short-Circuit Current

 Partial Short-Circuit Current at branch Zs
cUn 1.1x3.3kV
I"k = = =13.326kA<-81.06°
√3Z1 √3(24.43+j155.35)mΩ

Branch Z reduction Partial Z @ 3.3kV Partial

(mΩ) I”k@3.3kV
(kA)
Zs see above 24.43+j155.35 13.33<-81.06°
M1 Zm1+Zc1 1670.44+j8587.26 0.2395<-79°
M2 Zm2+Zc2 1670.44+j8587.26 0.2395<-79°
M3 Zm3+Zc3 1426.95+j6296.41 0.3246<-77
M4 Zm4+Zc4 2397.99+j12345.20 0.1666<-79
M5 Zm5+Zc5 2022.70+j8629.44 0.2365<-77
M6 Zm6+Zc6 1995.26+j10267.21 0.2004<-79
M7 Zm7+Zc7 2180.66+j10289.41 0.1993<-78
M8 Zm8+Zc8 1519.65+j6307.51 0.3230<-76
M9 Zm9+Zc9 1519.65+j6307.51 0.3230<-76
M10 Zm10+Zc10 1584.54+j6315.28 0.3219<-76
M11 Zm11+Zc11 1584.54+j6315.28 0.3219<-76
LUMP2 ZLump2+Ztk 2198.78+j4791.56 0.3975<-65
+Zc12
LUMP3 ZLump3+Ztk 1200.67+j2663.56 0.7173<-66
+Zc13
LUMP4 ZLump4+Ztk 1135.48+j2628.13 0.7320<-66
+Zc14
LUMP5 ZLump5+Ztk 1219.52+j2698.19 0.7078<-66
+Zc15
Total Initial Short-Circuit at MV SWGR-02 18.71kA<-78

1.1.2.2 Solving Peak Short-Circuit Current

 Partial peak short-circuit current at branch Zs
Method B k-factor will be used in calculating the peak current.

ip =1.15k 2I"k ; k=1.02+0.98e-3R/X

As mentioned in IEC60909 if all branch R/X remains smaller than 0.3 or if

all branch X/R remains higher than 3.33 then it is not necessary to use
1.15. But since, R/X branch on lump1, 2, 3 & 4 exceeded 0.3 a
multiplication factor of 1.15 will be used to account for inaccuracy caused
by network reduction.

k=1.02+0.98e-3(24.43/155.35) =1.6314

ip =1.15xk 2I"k =1.15x1.6314 2(13.33kA)=35.36kA

 Solving asynchronous machine rated current IrM @3.3kV

160kW
Branch M1= =33.94A
√3x3.3kVx0.87x0.948
 0.45MVA
Branch LUMP2= =649.51A
√3x400V
0.42
=649.51Ax =82.66A @3.3kV
3.3

Branch Ip @3.3kV IrM @0.4kV IrM @3.3kV (A)

(kA) (A)
Zs 35.36 -
M1 0.6104 - 33.95
M2 0.6104 - 33.94
M3 0.8006 - 46.47
M4 0.4247 - 23.61
M5 0.5788 - 33.94
M6 0.5107 - 28.38
M7 0.4987 - 28.38
M8 0.7858 - 46.47
M9 0.7858 - 46.47
M10 0.7756 - 46.47
M11 0.7756 - 46.47
LUMP2 0.8194 649.53 82.66
LUMP3 1.4856 1299.07 165.33
LUMP4 1.5335 1299.07 165.33
LUMP5 1.4649 1299.07 165.33
Total @ MV 47.82 - 993.25
SWGR-02

1.1.2.3 Solving Short-Circuit Breaking current @3.3kV using MV

CB tmin
IbM =µqI"kM for Asynchronous Machine
IbQ =I"kQ for Network
Total breaking current is the sum of partial breaking current of each
branch Ib=IbM+IbQ.
Schneider HVX12 circuit breaker with minimum opening time of 40ms
plus half cycle time relay as per IEC62271-100 will be used on 3.3kV.
Circuit breaker minimum opening time is 40ms+1/(2x50hz)=50ms
 Solving partial breaking current at branch Zs
As per IEC 60909 steady state, breaking current and initial short-circuit
current far from generator are Ik=Ib=I”k.
Therefore,
IbQ=I”kQ=13.33kA

 Solving partial breaking current at Branch M1

Using equation tmin of 0.05sec for MV CB
µ-Factor
µ=0.71+0.51e-0.3I"rM /IrM tmin =0.05sec
µ=0.71+0.51e-0.3(0.2395kA)/33.95A =0.7714
If nothing is definite known then use PrM/p=0.05 as per IEC 60909
PrM
q=0.79+0.12In tmin =0.05sec
p
q=0.79+0.12In0.05 =0.4305
Therefore,
IbM1 =µqI"kM =0.7714x0.4305x0.2395kA=0.0795kA

1.1.2.4 Solving partial dc component idc @3.3kV

 Solving dc component at branch Zs

idc = 2I"k e-2πftR/X dc component

idc = 2*13.33kA*e-2π(50hz)(0.05s)(24.43/155.35) =1.59kA

 Solving dc component at branch M1

idc = 2I"k e-2πftR/X dc component

-2π(50hz)(0.05s)(1670.44/8587.26)
idc = 2*0.2395kA*e =0.0159kA

Branch Ib @3.3kV (kA) Idc @3.3kV (kA)

Zs 13.32 1.5937
M1 0.0795 0.0159
M2 0.0795 0.0159
M3 0.1079 0.0130
M4 0.0553 0.0111
M5 0.0786 0.0084
M6 0.0665 0.0133
M7 0.0662 0.0101
M8 0.1075 0.0103
M9 0.1075 0.0103
M10 0.1072 0.0088
M11 0.1072 0.0088
LUMP2 0.1421 0.0004
LUMP3 0.2621 0.0008
LUMP4 0.2663 0.0011
LUMP5 0.2593 0.0008
Total @ MV 15.22 1.723
SWGR-02 Ib asym=√(Ib2+idc2) ac and dc component
=√[(15.22)2+(1.723)2]=15.32kA

1.1.2.5 Solving Short-Circuit Breaking current @3.3kV using MV

Fuse tmin
Fuse minimum opening time is assumed to be half cycle 1/(2x50hz)
=10ms

 Solving partial breaking current at branch Zs

As per IEC 60909 steady state, breaking current and initial short-circuit
current far from generator are Ik=Ib=I”k.
Therefore,
IbQ=I”kQ=13.33kA

 Solving partial breaking current at Branch M1

Using equation tmin of 0.02sec for MV Fuse
µ-Factor
µ=0.84+0.26e-0.26I"rM /IrM tmin =0.02sec
µ=0.84+0.26e-0.26(0.2395kA)/33.95A =0.8815
If nothing is definite known then use PrM/p=0.05 as per IEC 60909
PrM
q=1.03+0.12In tmin =0.02sec
p
q=1.03+0.12In0.05 =0.6705
Therefore,
IbM1 =µqI"kM =0.8815x0.6705x0.2395kA=0.1416kA
1.1.2.6 Solving partial dc component idc @3.3kV
 Solving dc component at branch Zs

idc = 2I"k e-2πftR/X dc component

idc = 2*13.33kA*e-2π(50hz)(0.01s)(24.43/155.35) =11.5kA

 Solving dc component at branch M1

idc = 2I"k e-2πftR/X dc component

-2π(50hz)(0.01s)(1670.44/8587.26)
idc = 2*0.2395kA*e =0.1838kA

Ib asym=Ib sym+idc=√[(13.33kA)2+(1.59kA)2]=13.43kA
Branch Ib @3.3kV (kA) Idc @3.3kV (kA)
Zs 13.32 11.499
M1 0.1415 0.1838
M2 0.1415 0.1838
M3 0.1920 0.2252
M4 0.09849 0.1280
M5 0.1399 0.1601
M6 0.11843 0.1538
M7 0.11782 0.1448
M8 0.19117 0.2143
M9 0.19117 0.2143
M10 0.1905 0.2069
M11 0.1905 0.2069
LUMP2 0.24375 0.1329
LUMP3 0.4444 0.2461
LUMP4 0.4526 0.2664
LUMP5 0.4391 0.2419
Total @ MV 16.6202 14.41
2 2
SWGR-02 Ib asym=√(Ib +idc ) ac and dc component
=√[(16.62)2+(14.41)2]=21.99kA

1.1.2.7 Selected Short-Circuit Rating of VCB and Switchgear for

3.3kV
Using Schneider HVX12 Vacuum Circuit Breaker:
Rated Breaking Capacity= 25kA rms sym
Rated Making Capacity = 63kA
 Rated Asymmetrical Breaking Capacity of HVX12 Circuit Breaker
minimum opening time is 40ms+1/(2x50hz)=50ms
with standard time constant (τ) of 45ms

( ) ( )
% = 100 τ = 100 45ms = 32.92%
idc =%dcxIac =%dcx√2xIb sym =32.92%x√2x25kA=11.64kA
2
Ib asym = Ib sym +(Idc )2 = ((25kA)2 +(11.64kA)2 )=27.58kA

 Busbar Short-Circuit Rating (Schneider PIX 12)

Rated short time withstand current is 25kA
Rated peak withstand current is 63kA

1.1.2.8 Selected Short-Circuit Rating of MV Fuse

Using Schneider Current Limiting Fuse:
Rated Breaking Capacity= 50kA rms sym
X/R test ratio is calculated based on 16%power factor test
Min. opening time is assumed to be half-cycle 1/(2x50hz)=10ms
Power factor test of 16%=cosθ
θ=80.79
X/R=Tanθ=Tan80.79=6.169

= 1+2 /

4πx50hzx0.01s
-
=50kA 1+2e 6.169 =65.62kA

1.1.3 Steady State Short-Circuit Current at MV SWGR-02

The minimum steady state short-circuit current will be used for relay
coordination purposes. In this report, the source network is the only
contributors of steady state short-circuit current.
Ik =I"k for network
 cminUn 1.0x3.3kV
Ik =I"k = = =12.12kA<-81.06°
√3Z1 √3(24.43+j155.35)mΩ

1.1.4 Short-Circuit Calculation at MV SWGR-01 (Device Duty)

Figure 2 Impedance Diagram @ 22kV

 Impedance Reduction Calculation

1 1 1 1 1
= + + +
ZM (ZC1 +ZM1 ) (ZC2 +ZM2 ) (ZC3 +ZM3 ) (ZC4 +ZM4 )
1 1 1 1
+ + + +
(ZC5 +ZM5 ) (ZC6 +ZM6 ) (ZC7 +ZM7 ) (ZC8 +ZM8 )
1 1 1
+ + +
(ZC9 +ZM9 ) (ZC10 +ZM10 ) (ZC11 +ZM11 )
1 1
+ +
ZC12 +ZTk TR-1A +ZLump2 ZC13 +ZTk TR-2A +ZLump3
 1 1
+ +
ZC14 +ZTk TR-3A +ZLump4 ZC15 +ZTk TR-4A +ZLump5
ZM = (4864.428+j14941.67)mΩ

ZL =ZC70 +ZTk TR-70A +ZM

ZL =(5506.641+j20344.636)mΩ

ZQ =(371.496+j943.599)mΩ

ZLUMP1 =ZC71 +ZTk TR-71A +ZLump1

ZLUMP1 =(3833.404+j27590.889)mΩ

1.1.4.1 Solving Initial Short-Circuit Current

 Partial Short-Circuit Current at branch source ZQ
cUn 1.1x22kV
I"k = = =13.77kA<-68.51°
√3Z1 √3(371.496+j943.599)mΩ

Branch Z reduction Partial Z @ 22kV Partial I”k@22kV

(mΩ ) (kA)
ZQ see above 371.496+j943.599 13.77<-68.51°
ZLUMP1 see above 3833.404+j27590.9 0.5016<-82.09°
ZL see above 5506.641+j20344.6 0.6629<-74.86°
Total Initial Short-Circuit at MV SWGR-01 14.92<-69.24

1.1.4.2 Solving Peak Short-Circuit Current

 Partial peak short-circuit current at branch ZQ
Method B k-factor will be used in calculating the peak current.

ip =1.15k 2I"k ; k=1.02+0.98e-3R/X

As mentioned in IEC60909 if all branch R/X remains smaller than 0.3 or if

all branch X/R remains higher than 3.33 then it is not necessary to use
1.15. But since, R/X branch on ZQ exceeded 0.3 a multiplication factor of
1.15 will be used to account for inaccuracy caused by network reduction.
 k=1.02+0.98e-3(371.496/943.599) =1.3208

ip =1.15xk 2I"k =1.15x1.3208 2(13.77kA)=29.58kA

 Solving asynchronous machine rated current IrM @22kV

Total asynchronous rated current from MV SWGR-02 is 993.25A
22
Branch ZL =993.25Ax =6333.77A @22kV
3.45
3.6MVA
Branch ZLUMP1 = =94.47A
√3x22kV
Branch Ip @22kV IrM @3.3kV IrM @22kV
(kA) (A) (A)
ZQ 35.36 - -
ZLUMP1 1.36 - 94.47
ZL 1.57 993.25 6333.77
Total @ MV 32.52 - -
SWGR-01

1.1.4.3 Solving Short-Circuit Breaking current @22kV

IbM =µqI"kM for Asynchronous Machine
IbQ =I"kQ for Network
Total breaking current is the sum of partial breaking current of each
branch Ib=IbM+IbQ.
Schneider HVX24 circuit breaker with minimum opening time of 40ms
plus half cycle time relay as per IEC62271-100 will be used on 22kV.
Circuit breaker minimum opening time is 40ms+1/(2x50hz)=50ms

 Solving partial breaking current at branch ZQ

As per IEC 60909 steady state, breaking current and initial short-circuit
current far from generator are Ik=Ib=I”k.
Therefore,
IbQ=I”kQ=13.77kA
 Solving partial breaking current at Branch ZLUMP1
Using equation tmin of 0.05sec for MV CB
µ-Factor
µ=0.71+0.51e-0.3I"rM /IrM tmin =0.05sec
µ=0.71+0.51e-0.3(0.5016kA)/94.47A =0.8137
If nothing is definite known then use PrM/p=0.05 as per IEC 60909
PrM
q=0.79+0.12In tmin =0.05sec
p
q=0.79+0.12In0.05 =0.4305
Therefore,
IbM1 =µqI"kM =0.8137x0.4305x0.5016kA=0.1757kA

1.1.4.4 Solving partial dc component idc @22kV

 Solving dc component at branch ZQ

idc = 2I"k e-2πftR/X dc component

idc = 2*13.78kA*e-2π(50hz)(0.05s)(371.49/943.6) =0.0402kA

Branch Ib @22kV (kA) Idc @22kV (kA)

ZQ 13.78 0.0402
ZLUMP1 0.1757 0.0799
ZL 0.3437 0.0133
Total @ MV 14.30 0.1335
2 2
SWGR-01 Ib asym=√(Ib +idc ) ac and dc component
=√[(14.30)2+(0.1335)2]=14.3kA

( )
% = 100 τ

idc =%dcxIac =%dcx√2xIb sym =

=√ +( )

1.1.4.5 Selected Short-Circuit Rating of VCB and Switchgear for

22kV
Using Schneider HVX24 Vacuum Circuit Breaker:
Rated Breaking Capacity= 16kA rms sym
Rated Making Capacity = 40kA

 Rated Asymmetrical Breaking Capacity of HVX24 Circuit Breaker

minimum opening time is 40ms+1/(2x50hz)=50ms
with standard time constant (τ) of 45ms

( ) ( )
% = 100 τ = 100 45ms = 32.92%
idc =%dcxIac =%dcx√2xIb sym =32.92%x√2x16kA=7.45kA
2
Ib asym = Ib sym +(Idc )2 = ((16kA)2 +(7.45kA)2 )=17.65kA

 Busbar Short-Circuit Rating (Schneider PIX 24)

Rated short time withstand current is 16kA
Rated peak withstand current is 40kA

1.1.5 Steady State Short-Circuit Current at MV SWGR-01

The minimum steady state short-circuit current will be used for relay
coordination purposes. In this report, the source network is the only
contributors of steady state short-circuit current.
Ik =I"k for network
cminUn 1.0x22kV
Ik =I"k = = =12.52kA<-68.51°
√3Z1 √3(371.496+j943.599)mΩ
1.1.6 Unsymmetrical Short-Circuit at MV SWGR-01

Figure 3 Impedance Diagram at 22kV base

ZM = (4864.428+j14941.67)mΩ
ZLUMP1 =(3833.404+j27590.889)mΩ
ZQ =(371.496+j943.599)mΩ
ZT =ZTk TR-70A +ZC70 =(642.22+j5402.96)mΩ
Total positive, negative and zero sequence impedances
1
Z1 =Z2 = = (331.75+j875.36)mΩ
1 1 1
+ +
ZT +ZM ZQ ZLUMP1

Z0 =ZQ =(105051+j1476)mΩ zero sequence ground impdance

1.1.6.1 Single Line to Ground Fault (SLG)

√3cUn
I"k1 =
Z1 +Z2 +Z0
√3x1.1x22kV
=
2(331.75+j875.36)mΩ+(105051+j1476)mΩ
=0.396kA<-1.75°

1.1.6.2 Line to Line Fault (LL)

cUn 1.1x22kV
I"k2 = = =12.93kA
Z1 +Z2 2(331.75+j875.36)mΩ
1.1.6.3 Double Line to Ground Fault (DLG)

-jcUn (Z0 -aZ2 )

I"k2EL2 =
Z1 Z2 + Z1 Z0 +Z2 Z0
-j1.1x22kV[(105.051+j1.476)Ω-(1<120)x(0.33175+j0.87536)Ω]
=
(66452.09+j185475.6)Ω
=13kA<-159.41

cUn ( − )
I"k2EL2 =
Z1 Z2 + Z1 Z0 +Z2 Z0
j1.1x22kV[(105.051+j1.476)Ω-(1<240)x(0.33175+j0.87536)Ω]
=
(66452.09+j185475.6)Ω
=13kA<20.92

√3cUn Z2
I"kE2E =
Z1 Z2 + Z1 Z0 +Z2 Z0

√3x1.1x22kV[(0.33175+j0.87536)Ω]
=
(66452.09+j185475.6)Ω
=0.1991kA<-1.04°
1.1.7 Unsymmetrical Short-Circuit at MV SWGR-02

Figure 4 Impedance Diagram at 3.3kV base

ZM = (119.63+j367.44)mΩ
ZLUMP1 =(94.27+j678.51)mΩ
ZQ =(9.136+j23.205)mΩ
ZT =ZTk TR-70A +ZC70 =(15.79+j132.87)mΩ

Total positive, negative and zero sequence impedances

ZQ ZLUMP1
ZM +ZT
ZQ +ZLUMP1
Z1 =Z2 = =(22.47+j109.79)mΩ
ZQ ZLUMP1
ZM + +ZT
ZQ +ZLUMP1

Z0 =ZTk TR-70A +3RNER-70A =15.625+j132.81+(3x4979.6)mΩ

=(14954+j132.8)mΩ zero sequence ground impdance
1.1.7.1 Single Line to Ground Fault (SLG)

√3cUn
I"k1 =
Z1 +Z2 +Z0
√3x1.1x3.3kV
=
2(22.47+j109.79)mΩ+(14954+j132.8)mΩ
=0.4kA<-1.35°

1.1.7.2 Line to Line Fault (LL)

cUn 1.1x3.3kV
I"k2 = = =16.2kA
Z1 +Z2 2(22.47+j109.79)mΩ

1.1.7.3 Double Line to Ground Fault (DLG)

-jcUn (Z0 -aZ2 )

I"k2EL2 =
Z1 Z2 + Z1 Z0 +Z2 Z0
 -j1.1x3.3kV[(14.95+j0.133)Ω-(1<120)x(0.0225+j0.1098)Ω]
=
(631.32+j3294.5)Ω
=16.29kA<-168.5

cUn ( − )
I"k2EL3 =
Z1 Z2 + Z1 Z0 +Z2 Z0

j1.1x3.3kV[(14.95+j0.133)Ω-(1<240)x(0.0225+j0.1098)Ω]
=
(631.32+j3294.5)Ω
=16.09kA<-78

√3cUn Z2
I"kE2E =
Z1 Z2 + Z1 Z0 +Z2 Z0

√3x1.1x3.3kV[(0.0225+j0.1098)Ω]
=
(631.32+j3294.5)Ω
=0.210kA<-0.72°

1.1.8 IEC Short-Circuit Summary Report

Table 8 Switchgear Momentary Duty Summary Report (IEC)

Bus Short-Circuit Device Conclusion
Current (kA) Capacity (kA)
ID kV ip ip
MV-SWGR-01 22 32.52 40 Acceptable
MV-SWGR-02 3.3 47.82 63 Acceptable

Table 9 Device Momentary Duty Summary Report (IEC)

Device Short-Circuit Current Device Capacity Conclusion
(kA) (kA)
ID kV Ib sym Ib asym ip Ib sym Ib asym ip
VCB 22 14.3 14.3 32.5 16 17.7 40 Acceptable
VCB 3.3 15.2 15.3 47.8 25 27.6 63 Acceptable
Fuse 3.3 16.6 21.99 47.8 50 65.6 - Acceptable
Table 10 Steady State Short-Circuit Current (IEC)
Bus kV Ik (kA)
MV-SWGR-01 22 12.52
MV-SWGR-02 3.3 12.12

Table 11 Short-Circuit Summary Report (IEC)

Bus kV SLD (kA) DLG (kA) LL (kA) 3Phase (kA)
MV-SWGR-01 22 0.396 13 12.93 14.92
MV-SWGR-02 3.3 0.4 16.09 16.2 18.71