Mathematics and Physical Sciences Department

Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory

Experiment No. 3
Experiment Title Physical and Chemical Change, Types of Chemical Reaction

I. OBJECTIVES
1. To distinguish between physical change and chemical change; and
2. To identify the different types of chemical reaction.

II. MATERIALS AND REAGENTS

Quantity Item REAGENTS
6 pcs. Test tubes NaCl
1 10 – mL graduated cylinder Sugar
1 Test tube rack BaCl2 solution or Calcium Chloride solution
1 Bunsen burner CuSO4 solution
1 100 – mL Beaker Sulfur powder
1 Nichrome wire KNO3
2 Glass tubing Fe fillings
1 Mortar and pestle Na2SO4 solution (or copper sulfate)
1 stirring rod
1 Crucible tong
1 Evaporating dish
1 Wire gauze
1 Iron stand
1 Iron Ring
1 Test tube holder

III. SET-UP/DIAGRAMS/ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3

FIGURE 4 FIGURE 5 FIGURE 6

IV. PROCEDURE
A. Physical Change
1. Heat a piece of glass tubing in the Bunsen flame to redness. Allow to cool and examine it closely.
2. Hold one end of a nichrome wire in the flame and note its appearance while hot. Cool it down.
3. Grind a pinch of sodium chloride in a mortar. Dissolved half of the powdered salt in 5.0 mL of water and evaporate the
solution to dryness. Compare the residue obtained with that of the powdered salt as to color and taste.

B. Chemical Change
1. Heat slowly a pinch of sugar in a test tube or at the tip of glass tubing until it changes color. Observe.
2. Mix 3.0 mL of BaCl2 and CuSO4 in a test tube. Observe.

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C. Types of Chemical Reaction
1. Synthesis or Combination
 Place some sulfur powder at the end of a glass tubing and heat it in a Bunsen flame until it begins to burn.
Observe.
2. Decomposition
 Heat strongly a pinch of potassium nitrate (KNO3) in a test tube. Thrust a glowing splinter into the test tube.
Observe.
3. Displacement or Substitution
 Put a pinch of iron filings in a test tube containing 5.0 mL of CuSO4 solution. Set aside and observe.
4. Metathesis or Double Decomposition
 To 5.0 mL of barium chloride, add 5.0 mL of sodium sulfate solution (or copper sulfate solution). Observe.

V. DATA AND RESULTS

A. Physical change
1. Has the heat altered the properties of the glass in any way? How? ____________________________________
2. Compare the heated end of the nichrome wire with the unheated part. _________________________________
3. Determine the color and taste each of the table salt after evaporation. _________________________________
a. Equation formed after treated with H2O: _____________________________________________
4. What is a physical change? __________________________________________________________________

B. Chemical Change
1. What changes take place after heating sugar? _____________________________________________________
2. What product is formed after mixing BaCl2 and CuSO4? ____________________________________________
Equation involved : ____________________________
3. What is a chemical change? __________________________________________________________________

C. Types of Chemical Reaction

1. What gas is formed after burning powdered sulfur?_________________________________________________
Equation involved : _______________________
2. What gas is evolved after heating potassium nitrate? ________________________________________________
What happened to the splinter? _________________________________________________________________
Equation involved : ________________________
3. Describe what happens when iron filings are added to CuSO4 solution. _________________________________
Is a new substance formed by the reaction? How? _________________________________________________
Equation involved : ________________________
4. Describe the result after mixing barium chloride and sodium sulfate. __________________________________
Equation involved : ________________________

VI. EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS

A. The table gives examples of changes. Identify which of them are physical and which are chemical. Indicate your answers
by putting check (  ) in the appropriate blanks.

CHEMICAL SYSTEM Physical Change Chemical Change

1 Water boils.
2 Water freezes.
3 Coconut water ferments.
4 Baking powder causes dough to rise.
5 Meat is cooked.
6 Silverware tarnishes.
7 Metal rusts.
8 Milk curdles.
9 Bread gets moldy.
10 Egg white becomes foamy when beaten.
11 A firecracker explodes.
12 Pineapple juice ferments.
13 A silver spoon tarnishes.
14 A rubber band is stretched.
15 Water is evaporated.

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B. Balance the following reactions by inspection and give the type of chemical reaction involved:

1. Aluminum + Oxygen  Aluminum Oxide

Type of Chemical Reaction :

2. Magnesium Oxide + Water  Magnesium Hydroxide

Type of Chemical Reaction :

3. Potassium Chlorate  Potassium Chloride + Oxygen

Type of Chemical Reaction :

4. Zinc + Sulfuric Acid  Zinc Sulfate + Hydrogen

Type of Chemical Reaction :

5. Silver Nitrate + Potassium Chromate  Silver Chromate + Potassium Nitrate

Type of Chemical Reaction :

C. Complete and balance the following:

1. N2 + H2 → NH3
2. NaOH + HCl → ____________ + ______________
3. ________ + __________ → Na2SO4 + H2O
4. BaO + ________ → BaCO3
5. NaClO3 → _________ + ____________
Cr + FeSO4 → __________ + __________
6.
7. KNO3 + C → CO2 + NO2 + K2O
8. KCl + H2SO4 → _________ + __________
9. _______ + ________ → CuCl2 + H2O
Fe + CuSO4 → ________ + __________
10.

VII. CREDITS
Created by: Laboratory Committee
Version: 1
Modified on: January 2018

VIII. REFERENCES
1. Brown, LeMay, and Bursten ( 2007). Chemistry the Central Science 9th Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall
2. Mendoza, Estrella E. (2005). Chemistry, Quezon City, Phoenix Publishing House
3. Retrieved May 17, 2011, from http://chemistrysolutions.wordpress.com/
4. Retrieved May 17, 2011, from http://pepsisipper.blogspot.com/2010_05_01_archive.html
5. Retrieved May 17, 2011, from http://scienceaid.co.uk/chemistry/applied/testcations.html
6. Retrieved May 17, 2011, from http://www.alibaba.com/showroom/salt-nacl.html
7. Retrieved May 17, 2011, from http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chemlab/chem3-5/qual_an/overview/procedure.html
8. Retrieved May 17, 2011, from http://www.rain.org/~mkummel/stumpers/07dec01a.html
9. Retrieved May 17, 2011, from http://www.sciencephoto.com/images/image
10. Retrieved May 17, 2011, from http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/4031/enlarge
11. Retrieved May 17, 2011. from http://chemkitdepot.com/sulfurpowder.aspx
12. Sacheim, George I. and Lehman, Dennis D.(2007). Chemistry for the Health Science 8th Edition. Prentice Hall