[Civil engineering construction- CIVL0003 ]

[Semester Fall 2017]

Course Work 1

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 3
Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 2
Major performance criteria of equipment........................................................... 4-7
Factors influence the choice of equipment ......................................................... 8-9
Compare two major models in four criteria ..................................................... 10-15
Preference of equipment models for rental or purchase .................................. 16-17
Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 18
References ......................................................................................................................... 19

List of Tables
Table 1: ............................................................................................................................. 10
Table 2: ........................................................................................................................ 11-12
Table 3: ............................................................................................................................. 13
Table 4: ............................................................................................................................. 14
Table 5:……………………………………………………………………………………15

List of Figures
Figure 1: .............................................................................................................................. 4
Figure 2: .............................................................................................................................. 5
Figure 3: .............................................................................................................................. 6
Figure 4: .............................................................................................................................. 7
Figure 5, Figure 6:............................................................................................................. 10
Figure 7, Figure 8: ............................................................................................................. 11
Figure 9, Figure 10: ........................................................................................................... 13
Figure 11, Figure 12: ......................................................................................................... 14
Figure 13, Figure14: ……………………………………………………………………..15

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Introduction:
We are living in technology time which is faster than plane on the air. So, when that
technology inside our live a very things became different the live different, the transportation
different and the construction building also became different. The companies now are competing
between each other to do a quality work and faster work. Nowadays, the process of construction
building is very important to develop the cities and industrial area. There are more equipment's
used to build small buildings and bigger buildings.

The construction equipment is important to make the work very easy and fast. There are many
equipment's with different models and different companies have a set of criteria to select the
appropriate equipment such as volume of soil to be moved, type of soil and weather condition.
Five different types of equipment's are needed for any company's project as below :

1- soil excavation
2- rocks excavation
3- cranes
4- Trucks.

The company has make right decision to buy equipment or rent equipment from rental
companies. But first must choice two type from each one to get quality work and economic
work.

So, the important things see the equipment in reality to see how this equipment work exactly
after that will compares between two equipment. For example, there are many type of trucks and
to make difference about it by consider to capacity for this truck. The benefit from this difference
to get a good equipment so, the good equipment helps us to get a quality work. When have good
equipment that proportion to earth work that give this company to do a lot work in less period
and less cost. But sometime when buy equipment only used for one time so, you will lose it a lot
of money because earth work different from location to another. And to get a right decision
about if you buy it or rent it must make table of cost.

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METHODOLOGY

Major performance criteria of equipment:

- Excavator for excavation

The excavator is a kind of big vehicle that is used in a lot of things like excavation,
rehabilitation of soil and remove trees. It consists of two parts, one parts for driving system and
other part that name drilling tool. Additionally, the excavator has a Hydraulic system that is used
to generate the forces to drilling tool to work and to take or crashed soil. Moreover, the excavator
divided for two types. First, is used for to take soil and deep the earth is the common type and
every construction company need it. Second, is used for rock soil and it need drill to crash the
rock in the earth this type from excavator no need for every place of construction building.

Where, it is important to excavate the soil and there are different types of the excavators.
In this project, it must use two types from excavator for soil earth and for rock earth because
earth have rock with soil. Excavator used to excavate the top soil for the converted area with the
depth for foundation. Moreover, the need for excavator for three months only. In addition to, the
work will be in sit locate in 5KM from Asphalt road. Furthermore, the excavator can be used for
different usage including the digging of foundation and holes for various types of construction
industries. Also, there is other type of excavator that can work in soil and to crash rock.

Figure 1- Caterpillar 329D2L Excavator

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- Compactors with motorized vibratory rollers

The compressor is the process of expelling the air from the soil voids using different
mechanical means resulting in an increased in soil density and the ability to withstand stress and
decrease in the rate of descent. The compressor is one of the most important process which is
used in the field of roads and dams. The overall crushing process aims at improving the
geometric characteristics of the soil by achieving the following requirements: increasing the soil
tolerance to the pressures and reducing the size of the soil areas. Thus, reducing the soil decline
and controlling the changes in soil size in terms of shrinkage and swelling and increase the safety
factor against landslides and reduce the soil permeability of water. The importance of
compressors as an engineering application in the field of dams, the soil pressure in the dam
increases its permeability to penetrate the water, which reduces the amount of water leaking from
it. Also, the sheer force of the well compacted dam helps the stability of this dam and its
resistance to slip. In the field of roads and airports, these engineering works increase their
capacity if they are created on a good compact basis. And in the field of improving the properties
of soil is the processes is substitution. Compressor of the most important processes to install the
soil whether added fixation material or not added.

Figure 2- Caterpillar CB24B Compactor

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 - Trucks

A dump truck is vehicle for the transport of materials such as sand and gravel from the
place to place. It is equipped with a branch opening from the rear while the hoists are supplied
hydraulically for unloading the contents. The dump trucks transport and unload construction
materials, agriculture, coal transportation and unloading, as well as garbage transport. There are
two type earth moving trucks, one small truck and another big truck. If there is large Project can
use the big truck because it is suitable for the site and have a speed around 300-500 time greater
than small truck.

Figure 3- Hino 700 series truck

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 Mobil Crane

The Crane is a type of machine that is used to raise or lower heavy material or objects
and move them horizontally to another places. For this purpose, they are mostly equipped with
shelves, iron wires, chains, pulleys ….etc. It relies on one or more simple machines to multiply
the power used and create a mechanical value that enables to move loads that exceed the natural
capacity of man. Cranes are usually used in transport work, ports and train stations, and in
construction work for transport of building materials and in manufacturing works for the in
station and assembly of heavy equipment like ready-made concrete. There are different types of
crane according to the requirements of the work site and its size. Such as tower crane, crawler,
floating, truck mounted.

Figure 4. KATO.NK300-VR

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Factors influence the choice of equipment:

-Excavator:

If we want to choose excavator, first we must know about the soil whether soil have rocks
or not. This project is considered as soil and rock, so that we need two types of excavator one is
for soil and other one is for rock. Moreover, the volume of the soil also influences the choice of
excavator. There are more volume of soil and rock which need high capacity of bucket.
However, because the type of earth has rock and soil that means the amount of volume will be
balanced so no need to any large excavator. The excavator which moves easily in the site is
appropriate with the geography of the site.

-Compactors with motorized vibratory rollers:

The important influencing factors that the engineer needs to take into account in terms of
moderation include: soil type and the influence of the soil pressure process according to its type
and the properties of its granules such as grain shape and distribution, the specific weight and the
percentage of clay materials. Also, water content of the soil is the main factor to obtain the
maximum dry density of the soil under the influence of a certain pressure degree and increases
the water content of the soil samples used to obtain a critical water ratio and ideal pressure.
Compressor energy is known as the compressor that is one of the criteria by which the quality of
soil pressure can be judged. The increased in energy pressure leads to an increased in dry density
and a decreased in the ratio of the water content of all soil types.

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-Trucks

There are many factors to choose best truck such as, weight of the truck can be load, the speed,
engine power, quantity of material to be moved and the cost of the truck in case of purchase or
rent. When choosing equipment, there must be selected a high-quality machine and work
efficiency finish the work in the shortest possible time.

- Mobile crane:

There are many factors that help us to choose the right crane for the big or small project site.
Such as:

-The high and width of the building.

-Types of materials using and their size.

-Cost of the crane in case rent or purchase.

-The way to move the equipment and how much distance take for location to another.

-Availability of the equipment.

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Compare two major models by four criteria:

-Excavator for excavation rock.

Figure 5- Komatsu-PC210LC-11 Figure 6- Caterpillar 329D2L

Table-1: excavator rock model's comparison

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 - Excavator for excavation soil.

Figure 7- Komatsu SAA6D107E-2 Excavator Figure 8- Caterpillar 450F Excavator

Table-2: excavator soil models comparison

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 -Compactors with motorized vibratory rollers for compacting:

Figure 9. Caterpillar-8045L Figure 10. Caterpillar-YZ12H

Table-3: compactors models comparison

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-Trucks

Figure 11. MAZ-651705 Figure 12- Hino 700 series truck

Table 4: Dumper models comparison

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-Compare Mobile Crane for lifting.

Figure 13 KATO.NK300-VR
Figure 14. LIEBREE.LTM1090-4.1

Table-5: Mobile crane models comparison

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Preference of equipment models for purchase or rental:

- Rock Excavator (Caterpillar - 329D2L)

The cost of purchase the excavator: 98,000 O.R

The cost of rental the excavator: 95 O.R per day

From my view the rental equipment is better than buy new equipment for work three months to
in this project. Where, the cost of purchasing the excavator is a proximately 98.000 O.R without
the insurances. But when rental this equipment cost 95 O.R per day and the excavator need three
months to complete the excavating. And because of choice Caterpillar - 329D2L that capacity for
this excavator is more than Komatsu-PC210LC-11 that help us to complete work before three
months. Therefore, the rental cost is around 8550 O.R that less than purchasing cost new
equipment. Moreover, the earthwork is not too much only 400m so that its does not require the
purchasing new equipment. Also, that price for rental equipment with driver and diesel that good
over for the company.

Soil Excavator (Komatsu SAA6D107E-2)

The cost of purchase the excavator: 60,000 O.R

The cost of rental the excavator: 62 O.R per day

In my opinion the rental equipment is better and economic than purchased new equipment for
work only three months in this project. Where, the cost of purchasing the excavator is a
proximately 60,000 O.R without the insurances. But when rental this equipment cost around
60O.R per day and the excavator need three months to complete the excavating. And because of
choice Komatsu SAA6D107E-2 that capacity for this excavator is more than Caterpillar 450F
Excavator that helps us to complete work before three months maybe. Therefore, the rental cost
is around 5580 O.R that less than purchasing cost new equipment by 60,000 O.R.

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-Compactor (Caterpillar- 8045L)

The cost of purchase the compactor: 20,000 O.R

The cost of rental the compactor: 33 O.R per day

The compactor requires compacting the area of 1200 square meters in just two days. Where, the
total rental cost of the compactor will be 66 RO for two days, while the cost of buying a similar
compactor is 20,000 or less, the best way to achieve the job when the owner leases the
compactor because this method is economical for this job and save the cost.

-Truck (MAZ-651705)

According to the two types in the table above. In my view, the best equipment is MAZ-651705
because the cost of purchase is 28,000 OMR and the cost of rental is80 per day. Also, this
equipment must be in the sit from the begging the project to the end the project. So, need this
equipment around 24 month. While, the cost purchasing is 28,000ROMR in my view the best
economical way is to buy the equipment because it is cheaper and we can use it in other project
or investment in case there is no project work. In addition, price 28,000 conclude register in
police, insurance and free service for two years.

-Crane (KATO.NK300VR)

The Most Factor to choose equipment is the cost. So in my opinion, the crane model
KATO.NK300VR is the right choose equipment because the value of purchase is 170,000 O.R
and the value of rent is 120 O.R per day. Also, the availability of this equipment during the
construction work is around 15 months from the total finish work 24 month. So, need this
equipment after finishing ground floor until eight floor. When since the rental cost is 120O.R per
day. The total cost until complete work will be around 50,000O.R .it is less than purchase cost.

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Conclusion:

In the conclusion, we had a short brief about few heavy equipment such as, excavator,
trucks, cranes and compaction with their usage. Also, we make choice one equipment of two and
decided if we rent it or purchased.

As we know the latest technological in the construction develop a lot of things like equipment.
The company now days analysis equipment and makes dictions if buy it or rent. In this work we
choose this equipment which consider to many things like quality and economic. Also, to size of
earth work and for type of the earth work. There are many benefit of rented equipment. we can
discuss in a four points. First one, when rent equipment will rent it with driver so no need to
provide driver.

In addition, if that equipment damaged when do work or maniacal damage the company will fix
it and until to fix it will prove another equipment. So the work does not stop. This is the
important thing for the project company.

On the other hand, there are disadvantages when take new equipment such as, cost money for
service, need a driver and most buy to police for registration and insurance that every year. In
Oman has rental companies more than sell companies for earth work equipment. Also, because
in Oman the market unstable. So, as shown above we deiced to rent three equipment earth
compacting, cranes and excavator but tracks only purchased because every site will need it.

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References:
*Basic Civil Engineering. (2017). Use of excavator in construction - Basic Civil Engineering.
[online] Available at: http://www.basiccivilengineering.com/2015/04/use-of-excavator-in-
construction.html [Accessed 13 Jul. 2004].
*The Constructor. (2017). Different Types of Soil Compaction Equipments -Types of Rollers.
[online] Available at: http://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/soil-compaction-equipments-roller-
types/9389/ [Accessed 19 Apr. 1997].
*Eg.com. (2017). Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Available at:
http://eg.com/Pdfs/nical%20Specifications%20for%20Dumper%2014%20m3.pdf [Accessed 8
Jan. 2006].
*Cat.com. (2017). Cat | CB24B Utility Compactor | Caterpillar. [online] Available at:
http://www.cat.com/en_US/products/new/equipment/compactors/tandem-vibratory-
rollers/18547413.html [Accessed 5 May 1992].
* For Construction Pros. (2017). 5 Steps to Select the Right Excavator for Your Applications.
[online] Available at: http://www.forconstructionpros.com/article/12149998/5-steps-to-select-
right-excavator- [Accessed 27 Mar. 1994].
* For Construction Pros. (2017). 5 Steps to Select the Right Excavator for Your Applications.
[online] Available at: http://www.forconstructionpros.com/article/12149998/5-steps-to-select-
right-excavator-for-construction-applications [Accessed 15 Nov. 2011].
*The Constructor. (2017). How to Choose Construction Equipment Suitable for Your Project?.
[online] Available at: http://theconstructor.org/construction/select-construction-equipment/7336/
[Accessed 24 Jul. 1999].

*Chudley, R. And Greeno, R. (1999), “Advance Construction Technology”, Pearson Education

Limitid, U.K.

*Tkne.net. (2017). ����� compaction. [online] Available at:

http://www.tkne.net/vb/t64186.html [Accessed 16 Apr. 2005].Jones, D.M. (1981), “Technician
Construction Technology-3”, Cassell, Lodon.

*Trucks.nl. (2017). Used trucks for Sale - Over 100.000 pre-owned Trucks online. [online]
Available at: https://www.trucks.nl/en/ [Accessed 14 Sep. 2013].

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* Liebherr.com. (2017). Mobile cranes. [online] Available at:
https://www.liebherr.com/en/deu/products/mobile-and-crawler-cranes/mobile-cranes/mobile-
cranes.html [Accessed 15 Apr. 2008].

*Cat.com. (2017). Cat | Compactors | Caterpillar. [online] Available at:

https://www.cat.com/en_US/products/new/equipment/compactors.html [Accessed 11 Jul. 2004].

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