Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Review of Related Literature

The two researchers evaluate the pattern and frequency of Facebook use among

university students while focusing gender that majority of the users (61%) agree that

this social medium has adverse effects on their academic performance. Further

analysis reveals that among these 61%, majority of the respondents were male. In

addition to adverse effects of Facebook on academic performance, there was also an

opinion that use of Facebook makes it hard for them to perform the best on their

career performance. However the researcher feels that the later opinion is not very

clear and established and needs further investigation.

These research analysis s hows that using social media especially in terms of

using Facebook is equally popular among male and female student of the university

under study. The researchers evaluate that majority of the users agree that these social

medium has adverse effects on their academic performance. These study related in

our study in the way of investigating about the effects of social media on their

academic achievements among students. They are both undertaking through analyzing

a random sample of respondents.

Hamat, Embi, & Hassan (2012) studied the use of social networking platforms

among undergraduate and postgraduate students of Malaysian institutes of higher

education. This qualitative research collected data on 6358 student respondents

through a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed this data to make observations

on the use of social networking sites among them. The study also collects opinion of

students about the impacts of social medium on their academic performance.

 One of the very significant findings of the study is about the use of social

networking sites for the purpose of learning. Majority of the respondents agree that

they use SNSs as informal learning tool and that it helps them connect to their friends

and peers to get help regarding their studies. However, in case of interaction with

teachers, an equal split of opposite opinions exist.

This study also supports the most common finding of majority of well-

structured studies that use of social networking sites has no significantly negative

impact on the students’ academic performance. They further state that the possibility

of some other factors like social media addiction, more time on internet, chatting,

cognitive absorption etc. linked with the use of internet or specifically social

networking sites may cause poor academic performance.

The above literature review shows that other students are using social media

for their learning, they use it as a learning tool. It has a significant on our study

because the use of social media can affect the academic performance in a positive and

negative way. Social media addiction is the top negative effect that may cause poor

academic performance.

Negussie & Ketema (2014) further investigated if there is any impact of using

Facebook while accessing through different devices. Among a variety of devices, it

was found that the correlation between using Facebook on mobile devices and

students grades is highly negative as compared to using Facebook on other devices.

This adverse effect is explained by the fact that using cellphones for social

networking activities may involve multitasking and all students are not equally

efficient in multitasking skills. The study suggests, that students must be encouraged

to use social networking sites for educational purposes instead of blocking these

platforms in the educational premises.

 These study has a correlation in our study because they both proving that using

social media has a big impact in the academic achievement among students.

Rouis, Limayem, & Salehi-Sangari (2011) investigate the effects of using

Facebook on academic performance of undergraduate students at Lulea University of

Technology Sweden in relation to their personality traits. The proposed research

model tests how Facebook usage effects performance of students with different

personality traits. In addition the research tries to justify the relationship among the

three i.e. Facebook usage, personality traits and academic performance. Their analysis

of 239 students’ data reveals very significant results. This research establishes that

using Facebook has strong negative impact on academic performance of students with

extrovert personalities. However, factor of self-regulation among students greatly

reduces this negative impact as they have high level of effective self-control while

using social media platforms. Cognitive absorption, which defines of deep

involvement, is another personality factor taken into consideration while undertaking

this research.

Rouis, Limayem & Salehi-Sangari (2011) successfully make the observation

that extent of cognitive absorption determines the frequency and duration of social

media usage. However, they add that level of cognitive absorption is turn defined by

self-control and other personality factors. While multitasking skills do nothing to

reduce frequency and use of social media among students, they moderate the effects

of social media o reveals that among these students’ performance by tuning the

cognitive absorption.

The above literature review reveals that research on the role of social media

and social networking sites in academic performance of students is still debatable.

Most of the researchers have created more questions that finding answer.
Review of Related Studies

Social identity has traditionally been established through face-to-face

interactions. However, in recent times, social networking sites have provided an

additional medium through which social identities can be developed and explored.

Social networking has become increasingly popular over the past decade, attracting

millions of active users worldwide. These sites offer an opportunity to maintain

friendships and even date. The following article highlights the positive and negative

experiences of three people with learning disabilities using social networking sites.

The negative experience reported by our service users highlighted areas of concern

with regard to their safety. As a result, a therapeutic group was formed to address

these online experiences and provide practical and emotional support. At the end of

the group, service users reported that they are more confident about discussing and

problem solving issues around online use.

Abstract

One of the recent popular social media platforms is the social networking site

(SNS). Thus far, few previous studies have empirically investigated people’s

motivations for SNS usage, especially not outside the U.S. this study combines a

large-scale quantitative and qualitative research design, by asking 1,200 SNS users an

open question regarding their reasons for using SNSs. An important conclusion drawn

from a preliminary content analysis is that people often report many motivational

reasons for using SNSs. The most important reason is to get in contact with new

people (31%). The second most valued was to keep in touch with their friends (21%),
whereas the third was general socializing (14%). A sub-reasons were identified; that

all give insight into the personal incentives that drive people to use SNSs and thus

contribute to our understanding of how to develop successful social networking

online.