PRACTICAL

RESEARCH 2

Submitted by:
GROUP 1

Submitted to:
MS. CHELZIEMAR ANN FLORES
GROUP 1 MEMBERS

Males:

Bernie Batbatan

Brix Bugtai

Garyl Rey Caimol

John Benedict Lagahid

Chris Niño Pepito

Kervin Sanchez

Anjobert Tanjay

Females:

Riza Mae Bayo

Niña Grace Ejorango

Tiffany Jumawan

Grace Magnanao

Raulyn Nuñez
 Summary of All the Topics

Lesson1: Designing a Research Useful in Daily Life

The word "research" typically calls to mind mathematical formulas that describe the ever
expanding natural phenomena, complex theorems, liquids in test tubes, endless experiments to
explain phenomena, human behavior and the like.

Research affects society and the lives of us each day of our lives. For us to make sense of our
world and even of our own lives, we need research. For different branches of knowledge or
disciplines, as well as corporations, government organizations or NGO's in search for answers to
phenomena, people do research.

Quantitative Research is important through various aspects in the society and citizens. Those
aspects include medicine, education, psychology, economics, demographics, business and
political science that aims to attain improvement and progress.

What is Quantitative Research Design?

Quantitative research design is an organized and structured process of collecting and analyzing
data using statistical tools to describe and present results. It is conclusive with in its limitations
using sound statistical analysis to project results to a wider population.

It uses numbers in stating generalization about a given problem or inquiry in contrast to

qualitative research that hardly uses statistical treatment in stating generalization.

Characteristics of Quantitative Research

1.Structured research instruments are used to gather data.

2.A clearly defined research question is established at the start to which objective answers are
directed.

3.From large samples that are representative of the population, the results are generated
statistically.

4.Data involves numbers and statistics are arranged in charts, tables, images and other graphical
forms.
5.All aspects of the study are designed and carefully thought of before collecting data.

6.The research study is highly reliable and therefore can be replicated or repeated.

7.Tools and instruments like questionaires, computer applications, etc. are used to collect and
analyze data.

8.The research can be used to generalize concepts beyond the samples. Taken predict the future
results, or investigate any causal relationships that may exist.

Strengths of Quantitative Research Design

1. Its allow a researchers to objectively details all evidences used.

2. Testing , and validating theories about how and why phenomena occur is well established.

3. It allows a researcher to use a case study to illustrates a phenomenon.

4. The study can be replicated on different areas overtime with the production comparable
findings.

5. It can generalized research findings when the data collected are based on random samples.

6. Using statistical tools, the researcher may eliminate any unfounded influenced of other
variables , allowing to few credibly establish cause and effect relationship

7. Results are useful for obtaining data that allow quantitative predictions in the future.

8. Data collection using quick quantitative methods is relatively easy ( short surveys and
telephone interviews ).

9. Testing hypothesis are properly constructed before the data are collected.

10. Provide precise , quantitative or numerical data analysis.

11. In data analysis, researcher can utilized modern and less time consuming statistical
application like SPSS.

12. The research results are relatively independent of the researcher and therefore unbiased.

13. This results to higher credibility with influencial people ( like politicians , and administrators ,
people who funded the research ).

14. It is useful for studying a large population using smaller samples.

Weaknesses of a Quantitative Research Design

1. The research can be time consuming due to preparations and statistical analysis.

2. The categories used may differ from the existing local understandings, making the results
inconsistent with other populations.

3. It reveals more on the what and to what extent but often fails to establish the why and
how(quantitative research).

4. It requires regular monitoring of the statistical model used in order to ensure it's compliance
with the original hypothesis.

5. Homogeneity in a sample can be difficult to prove, making the research invalid if not
established properly.

6. This method involves statistical processes and concepts which are hard to master.

7. The researcher might miss out on phenomena occurring it is focused on theory or hypothesis
testing rather than on theory or hypothesis generation (called the confirmation bias).

8. Statistical results might end up too abstract and general for direct application to specific local
applications, context and phenomena.

Kinds of Variable and their Uses

The rootword of the word variable is "vary" or simply"can change". Variables are among the
fundamental concepts of research, alongside with measurements, validity, reliability, cause and
effect and theory.

Quantitative researchers try to count human behaviors to count multiple variables at the same
time. Generally speaking, variables are classified as one of four types:(Allen, Titsworth, Hunt,
2009)

1. Nominal variables represent categories that cannot be ordered in any particular way.
Examples are biological sex, name, political affiliation, basketball fan affiliation, etc.

2. Ordinal variables represent categories that can be ordered from greatest to smallest.
Examples include educational level, income brackets, etc.
3. Interval variables have values that lie along an evenly dispersed range of numbers. Examples
are temperature (Celsius, Fahrenheit), a person's net worth, etc.

4. Ratio variables have values that lie along an evenly dispersed range of numbers when there is
an absolute zero. Most scores stemming from response to survey items are ratio level values
because they typically cannot go below zero. Examples are Kelvin, weight and height.

Several experts have lumped together the following as the major kinds of variables.

1. Independent variables refers to those that probably cause, influence, or affect outcomes.
They are invariably called treatment, manipulated, antecedent, or predictor variables. They can
also stand alone and they are not changed by the other variables.

2. Dependent variables are those that depend on the independent variables, they are the
outcomes or results of the influence of the independent variables. They depend on other
factors and are what researchers are interested in.

3. Intervening or mediating variables stand between the independent and dependent variables
and they show the effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable.

4. Control variables are special type of independent variables that are measured in a study
because they potentially influence the dependent variable.

5. Confounding variables are those that are not actually measured or observed in a study. They
exist but their influence cannot be directly detected in a study.

Kinds of Research

Descriptive/Survey Research

It seek to describe the current status of a variable or a phenomena. Descriptive usually conduct
surveys and therefore uses interviews, questionnaires and sampling polls to get the general
behavior with higher precision. Results are often presented in percentage, tables or graphs.

Correlational Research

This explores the relationship between variables using statistical tools. However, it does not look
for cause and effect. This research is done to establish what effect of one on the other might be
and how that affects relationship.
Quasi-Experimental Research

It is often referred to as Causal-Comparative that seeks to establish a cause-effect relationships

between two or more treatments. It involves comparison without focusing on their relationship.

Experimental Research

This uses the scientific method to established cause-effect relationship among a group of
variables in a research study. The effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable
are collected and analyzed for a relationship.

Name of the Respondents:

Grade 7- St. Thomas

1. Aliposo, Niño Denz 12 yrs. Male

2. Almacen, Matthew John. 12 yrs
3. Baran, EJ Lui. 12
4. Baria, Arlon 12
5. Batan, Jurge Maverick 13
6. Bayle, Sean Isaac
7. Caballero, JC 13
8. Cagado, Audrey 12
9. Doyogan, Gabriel Ji 11
10. Ewican, James Christian 12
11. Hokdong, Been Ceasar 11
12. Jimenez, Emmanuel Jullian 13
13. Jorolan, Harry Jiem 12
14. Jugan, James Bhon 12
15. Lavandero, Jeremiah 12
16. Lepriso, Runny 11
17. Mata, Jeremy 12
18. Nunez, Nathaniel 12
19. Perales, Jhelian Riz 12
20. Pepito, Richmalric 12
21. Quevedo, Rhalf Khristian 12
22. Rollon, Ethan Gabriel 12
23. Sabas, Neil Christian 12
24. Sanoy, Kyle 14
25. Tanoy, Adriane 12
26. Wagas, Wayne Jericho 12
27. Yungco, Joel 12