Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
City Schools Division of Bacoor
Bacoor National High School- Molino Main
Molino 1, City of Bacoor

ACCEPTABILITY OF COCOTILE AS AN ALTERNATIVE

TO COMMERCIAL TILE

Proponents:

Prudencio, Daniel Andre O.

Costiniano, Pauleen Joy C.

Gonzales, Kathleen Rae E.

February 2014

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled the ACCEPTABILITY OF COCOTILE AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO

COMMERCIAL TILE, prepared and submitted by Daniel Andre O. Prudencio, Pauleen Joy C.

Costiniano and Kathleen Rae E. Gonzales in partial fulfilment of the requirements for Research

II, has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval of ORAL

EXAMINATION.

MARILYN R. BAROJA
Resaerch II Teacher
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ________.

MARILYN R. BAROJA
Chairman

Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the fourth year level,

Research II.

Date ____________________
ANITA M. ROM, Ed. D.
Principal

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

ABSTRACT

Alternative components for construction are one of the most important roles in industrial

constructions. As people build houses, buildings and other infrastructures, the demand for tiles

will always be present. This interest the researchers to find and use an alternative component,

which was the coconut husk fibers, to make the tiles for coping up with the demand.

In the process, the researchers extracted the coconut husk fibers and soaked it in a basin

of water to remove the dirt and residues from the husks. 100 grams of ceramic clay tile was

carefully molded in a square form specifically 8 by 8inches. The molded clay tile was pre-heated

from 40-60 degree Celsius just for 3-5 minutes to maintain the stability of the base tile. The

moldering pan was applied by some oil to avoid adherence between the pan and the clay tile. The

pre-heated clay tile was then put inside the moldering pan which served as the first layer for the

layering process. The mixed 40 grams of coconut husk fibers, 40 ml of water and 50 grams of

cement were placed above the clay tile. The coconut husk fibers were scattered and divided

equally in every portion of the clay tile. A thin sheet layer of cement, pulverized coconut husks

and sand mixture was placed right after the coconut husk fibers are proportionally scattered that

act as the middle layer and also an assembly layer which attached all the layers respectively. For

the last layer, another mixed 40 grams of coconut husk fibers, 40 ml of water and 50 grams of

cement was placed. The proportionality system that was applied in previous procedures was

followed. The application of glossy paints was also considered,

The potential harness and compressive strength was determined through Durometer

hardness Test (laboratory test) and survey. While, the T-test revealed that the computed t-value

with 3.33 is less than the 2.920 tabular value at 0.1 level of confidence. Therefore, there is a

significant difference between the two comparable groups: the cocotiles, the experiment group

and; standard tiles, the controlled group in terms of hardness and compressive strength.

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We, Daniel Andre Prudencio, Pauleen Joy Costiniano, and Kathleen Rae Gonzales, the

researchers of “Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile” salute and thank

all the people who contributed to the success of this research study. To the National library of the

Philippines, which let us borrow books for the collection of data and other information needed in

our study. Thank you for providing those resources in behalf of the student researchers like us.

We would also like to take this opportunity to thank our fellow classmates, the SSC

Batch 6, for being our inspiration while doing this study. To our families, who in the way gave

their unending support and comfort especially when battling our sleepless nights and for letting

us accommodate with each other’s home.

We are further indebted to Mrs. Marilyn Baroja, research teacher, whose knowledge

guided us and other student researchers to accomplish those tasks and requirements even after

class hours. We really appreciated the support she gave to help us in this subject matter. Thank

you!

We also thank Mrs. Ria D.J. Cawit, our homeroom adviser, for always reminding us

about our research papers even though it is not part of her subject. Thank you for the patience not

only on us but also to all our classmates.

To those whose contributions were not able to acknowledge here because of somehow

poor memory, please accept our sincere apologies. We assure that your efforts were well

appreciated and our deepest gratitude is yours.

Lastly, we thank God for He is the source of our strength to finish this requirement.

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name : Prudencio, Daniel Andre O.

Address : Blk3 Lot 11 Paula Homes Subdivision, Brgy. Molino 1, City of Bacoor

Birthdate : March 06, 1997

Birthplace : Malolos, Bulacan

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Born Again Christian

Father : Dennis I. Prudencio

Mother : Wilma O. Prudencio

Contact Number : 09057149228

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

High School: Bacoor National High School-Molino Main

Elementary: Bayanan Elementary School

 Awards and Achievements: Valedictorian

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name : Costiniano, Pauleen Joy C.

Address : Blk 19 Lot 17 Marcos 17 Marcos St. Citihomes, Molino IV, Bacoor City

Birthdate : March 13, 1998

Birthplace : Makati City

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Born Again Christian

Father : Manuel Jun Costiniano Jr.

Mother : Yolanda Costiniano

Contact Number : 517-42-27

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

High School:Bacoor National High School-Main

Elementary: St. Jerome Emiliani Institute

 Awards and Achievements: Third Honorable Mention

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name : Gonzales, Kathleen Rae E.

Address : Blk 13 L2 Talisay St. Perpetual Village 6, Mambog 4, Bacoor City

Birthdate : October 21, 1997

Birthplace : Las Pinas City

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Christian

Father : Luis F. Gonzales

Mother : Fe E. Gonzales

Contact Number : 489-23-17

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

High School: Bacoor National High School-Main

Elementary: Saint Francis of Assisi College – Bayanan Campus

 Awards and Achievements: 6th Honorable Mention

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

CONTENTS
Page
APPROVAL SHEET……………………………………………………………............. i

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………... ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………………………………………… iii

LIST OF TABLES..……………………………………………………………………. v

LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………………….. vi

CHAPTER

1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………. 1

The Problem and Its Background………………………………………………….. 1

Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………….......... 3
Hypotheses……………………………………………………………………........ 3
Conceptual Framework…………………………………………………………….
Significance of the Study………………………………………………………….. 4
Scope and Limitation of the Study………………………………………………… 5
Definition of Terms……………………………………………………………….. 6

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE…………………………………....... 7

Justification of the Study………………………………………………………….. 13

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS…………………………………………………. 14

Research Design……………………………………………………………………. 14
Materials……………………………………………………………………………. 14
Equipment and Utensils……………………………………………………………. 15
Experimental Design……………………………………………………………….. 16
Methods and Procedures…………………………………………………………… 17
Evaluation of the Product…………………………………………………………… 18
Statistical Treatment………………………………………………………………… 18

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS…………………………………………….….. 20

5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS…………….. 30

Summary of Findings…………………………………………………………….. 29
Conclusions………………………………………………………………………. 30
Recommendations……………………………………………………………....... 30

REFERENCE…………………………………………………………………………… 32

APPENDICES………………………………………………………………………….. 33

CURRICULUM VITAE…………………………………………………………………. 42

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

TABLES

Table Page

1.1 Composition of coconut husk………………………………………………. 10

1.2 Chemical composition of coconut husk fiber

(in percent of dry weight)…………………………………………………... 11

2.1 Materials used in the preparation for making cocotile……………..………. 14

2.2 Equipment and Utensils used in the preparation

for making cocotile………………………………………………………… 15

3.1 Durometer Hardness Test of cocotile and standard ceramic tile……...…….. 20

3.2 Conditioning Atmosphere of cocotile and standard tile……………………. 22

3.3 Number of cracks in cocotiles and standard tiles

(week 1)…………………………………………………………………....... 23

3.4 Number of cracks in cocotiles and standard tiles

(week 2)…………………………………………………………………….. 25

3.5 Results of the Survey on using cocotile and standard tile…………………. 28

3.6 Bivariate Analysis Sample using t-test on the Number of cracks present in
cocotile and standard tile after 2 weeks……………………………………. 28

4.1 Time Table in Research II…………………………………………………... 33

4.2 Log Book in Research II……………………………………………………. 35

4.3 Number of cracks present in every households

(3 floor cocotile, 3 standard floor tiles) Week 1………………………………... 37

4.4 Number of cracks present in every households

(3 floor cocotile, 3 standard floor tiles) Week 2………………………………... 38

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

FIGURES

Figure Page

1. The paradigm of the Independent, Intervening and Dependent Variable.…… 4

2. Flow Chart of the Research Design and Procedures:

Acceptability of Cocotile as an alternative Commercial Tile……………...... 15

3.1 Durometer Hardness Test of cocotile and standard ceramic tile…………… 21

3.2 Conditioning Atmosphere of cocotile and standard tile …………………… 23

3.3 Number of cracks in cocotiles and standard tiles

(week 1)……………………………………………………………………... 25

3.4 Number of cracks in cocotiles and standard tiles

(week 2)…………………………………………………………………....... 27

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

The use of alternative components for construction is one of the most important roles in

industrial constructions for it will add strength to the product made such as tiles. Finding a

substitute for the components/ingredients used today is a task that is worth studying because the

quarrying of aggregates from rivers and mountains harms the environment. If a substitute for

components can be obtained naturally and the source is abundant and can be regenerated,

obtaining the componentswould deplete its source.

Tilesare manufactured pieces of hard-wearing materials which can be used in different

ways such as covering for roofs, floors, walls and showers. These tiles are often made from

porcelain, fired clay or ceramic with a hard glaze. The problem is that even it is convenient to

use, the price of tiles nowadays are very expensive to afford. As people build houses, buildings

and other infrastructures, the demand for tiles will always be there and continue its boost to

modern industries.It is just a matter of buying the cheapest, the mid-range or the expensive one.

Due to that, the researchers decided to produce cheaper but high-quality tiles out of coconut husk

fibers.

According to the report of Department of Trade and Industry in the year 2009, the

demand of tiles is increasing for about 6% every year.In terms of their distribution, different tile

manufacturers are urging to apply for the expansion of the tile industry by opening distribution

centers and warehouse in the Visayas and Mindanao region to gain more efficiency in the

distribution system.

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

On the other hand, coconut resources are everywhere in the Philippines . In fact, coconut

is one of the most common tropical trees in all times. Unfortunately, most people consider

themesocarp (coconut husk fibers) as waste products in markets which can be usually found in

bodies of water and other dumped areas without knowing that it can produce useful products for

source of income.

Husk fiber is a material which is naturally found in the coconut fruit and serves as a

covering and storage for its refreshing juice. Like all fibers, coconut husk fiber is one of the most

useful fibers in many countries. A lot of people worldwide catches of its amount to millions of

tons yearly. Another fact is that this fiber is now the subject of research in many parts of the

world for a long period of time. In addition, according Joachin Von Amsberg(2000) stated in his

reportand found out that coconut husk fibers decomposed very slowly for about 20 years which

can be another potential of this raw materials to be used as an alternative component more

specifically in industrial purposes. According also to this report, coconut husk fibers can be used

as a water-resistant agent for it can hold water to its maximum amount or capacity.

This study was conducted to produce a tile product which can be used commercially and

conveniently having coconut husk fibers as the major component. It was chosen as a research

study due to its availability on resources and also to its lighter mass component serving as a

possible alternative material in producing another tile product.

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

Statement of the Problem

The study attempted to find out if cocotile can be an alternative commercial tile.

Specifically, this study found out the answer to the following questions:

1.) Are there possible effects on the compressive strength of the cocotile if coconut husk

fibers used as an alternative component?

2.) Is there a significant difference on the acceptability of cocotile and commercial

ceramic tile in terms of hardness?

Hypothesis

Based on the potentials of the study, the researchers generally formulated the hypothesis

thatthe Cocotile cannot be an alternative to commercial tile.

Specifically, based on the preceding problems identified, the proponents formulated the

following hypothesis:

1.) There are no possible effects on the compressive strength of the cocotile if coconut husk

fibers are used as an alternative component.

2.) There is no significant difference on the acceptability of cocotile and standard ceramic

tile in terms of hardness

Conceptual Framework

Coconut husk fiber is a fibrous material found between the leathery covering and the

shell of a coconut. The natural color of coir varies from light brown to very dark brown,

depending on the variety and maturity of the nut from which it was extracted, and the processing

conditions. The fibers are stiff coarse, resilient, pliable and quite resistant to bacterial attack.

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

They have very good water resistance being second only to the black fibers of the sugar palm,

Arengasaccharifera(Copeland 1931).

The coconut fibers, clay, and cement servedas the independent variable for this study for

it will manipulate the tile's quality. The coconut husk fibers added in tiles increased the tiles

compressibility and durability. The researchers have also considered the amount and ratio of the

independent variables in each tile.

The researchers constructed the figure below to represent the relationship among the

variables used in the research study.

Amount of water added,air, Compressive strength and

Cocotile temperature, location, and
climate durability of the cocotile

Figure 1.1 Paradigm of the variables on

the utilization of cocotile product
Significance of the study

The research study found a way to modern industries of making tiles. Coconut husk

fibers can be very useful because, instead of using much expensive ceramics and other

ingredients, one can use coconut husk fiber as a major component or ingredient through its

essential properties

The findings and result of the study will serve as reference and guide which can give

great ideas and recommendations for the future researchers who wish to conduct and develop the

same experimental study or any study related in tile-production. Through this, innovation can be

possible most especially to those researchers having interest when it comes to commercial tile-

making.

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

This study will help the tile manufacturers on how to develop another tile product out of

different raw materials and alternatives that can be used as a major component to produce more

quality commercial tiles. The availability on resources, most especially the raw materials like

coconut husk fibers will serve as one of the advantages that tile manufacturers should consider to

produce more affordable manufactured tile products.

Specifically, the target beneficiaries of the research study were the house owners and tile

consumers who cannot avail more tile products because of its expensive rates in industrial

market. By this, many people will have an interest to make indoor and outdoor house floorings

more elegant and convenient. This tile-product can definitely help the Filipino people to have

comfortable way of living.

Furthermore, the availability of time and resources poses another advantage for the

study. This will lead the product to have a long run in the industry most especially in the

economy. Another, it is eco-friendly. There are no harmful chemicals or substances added to the

product. It is pure and natural.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study focused on determining the acceptability of cocotile as an alternative

commercial tile. The researchers discussed (1) the cocotile product and tile-making procedures;

(2) the amount of extracted coconut husk fibers, clay and cement (3) the properties of cocotile as

a commercial tile, and (4) the potential of coconut husk fibers as a component in tile-making.

Moreover, other importance of coconut husk fibers in manufacturing tiles also includes

the appearance as well as its potential as a tile which would be gradually discussed by the

researchers. This was be done by conducting surveys and some evaluations from certain

household in Perpetual Village 7, Mambog, Bacoor City. Also, the researchers will have a

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

laboratory testing on the compressive strength of the cocotile and the usual ceramic tile. The

statistical treatment that the researchers used is the T-TEST which determines the significant

differences between the two comparable groups. The research study will be worked out with

duration from July 2013-February 2014.

The research study did not discussed thedetailed procedure in making standard ceramic

tiles. The application of the different amounts of coconut husk fibers and other materials were

not included in the research coverage. The overall appearance more specifically the physical

presentation of the cocotile posed another limitation for the study.

Definition of Terms

The following operational terms are utilized by the researchers for this study:

1. cocotile. Refers to an eco-friendly tile product, using coconut husk fibers as a main

ingredient..

2. coconut husk fibers. Refers to a natural fiber extracted from the shellof coconut.

3. tile . Refers to as a two-dimensional material which laid in rows to the walls, floors,

roofs and ceilings.

4. coconut. Sample from which a specific fiber to be found and studied.

5. soaking. The process of extracting husk fibers through water.

6. stability and durability. Refers to the specific properties of tiles being resistant to

change and the good condition of cocotile over a long period of time.

7. standard tile. Refers to ceramic tile by which the researchers served as the sample

controlled group

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presented a summary of related literatures about coconut husks fibers and

the process of making tiles which the researchers urge to discover.

Review of Related Legal Basis

A notification from Bureau of Agricultural and Fisheries Product Standards of

Department of Agriculture published the Draft of Philippine National Standards (DPNS) on

Coconut Chaff Rank and Classification on September 7, 2009. The notification covers coconut

chaff (product extracted from the coconut shell fibers) used as cultivation medium/ components

of different ranks and product for industrial, gardening and agricultural purposes, establishes a

coconut chaff grading and classification system. The notification is intended to provide a general

understanding of the criteria scope for acceptance check of batch products, product descriptions,

minimum requirements, grading, packing, sampling and labeling requirements.

Review of Related Studies

The Department of Building of ObafemiAwolowo University in Ile-Ife, Osun State,

Nigeria made a research about the comparative study of some alternative organic materials that

can be used in construction. The results of the investigation carried out on the comparative cost

analysis and strength characteristics of concrete produced using crushed, granular coconut and

palm kernel husks as substitutes for conventional coarse aggregate in gradation of 0%, 25%,

50%, 75% and 100%. The two samples were tested and their physical and mechanical properties

determined. The results of the tests showed that the compressive strength of the concrete

decreased as the percentage of the shells increased in the two mix ratios. However, concrete
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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

obtained from coconut shells exhibited a higher compressive strength than palm kernel husks

concrete in the two mix proportions. The results also indicated cost reduction of 30% and 42%

for concrete produced from coconut husks and palm kernel husks, respectively. Considering the

strength/economy ratio, it was concluded that coconut husks were more suitable than palm kernel

husks when used as substitute for conventional aggregates in concrete production.

An experimental study of Department of Architecture, Planning and Design Qassim

University in Buraidah City, Saudi Arabia was done using coconut shells and fibers as substitute

for aggregates in developing concrete hollow blocks for construction buildings. Observations

from the tests performed were conducted in the laboratory where precise data were gathered and

completely attained. Some of the interesting insights of the study are: (a) coconut shells and

fibers are applicable as partial substitute as coarse aggregates for concrete hollow blocks. (b) the

good indicators of coconut shell and fiber quality as aggregate of concrete hollow blocks are

particles, shape and texture, resistance to crushing, absorption and surface moisture, grading,

resistance to freezing and heating and light-weight.; (c) coconut shells and fibers are classified as

miscellaneous material used for wall panels and partitions and (d) a non-load bearing type of

hollow block because the compressive strength gained higher than the conventional concrete

hollow blocks after 28th days.

An invention of Yuhazri, M.Y. and Dan, M.M.P. who developed a unique bullet proof

vest made of coconut fibre, which provides all the protection that can be found in a regular vest.

It is not only economical but also lighter. A normal bullet-proof vest costs about RM 16, 000/-

and weighs 9 kg, but this vest is only 3 kg and cost RM 2, 000/-. The test proved that the vest

was capable of stopping 9mm caliber bullets at a 5 m range. Yuhazri, M.Y. and Dan, M.M.P.

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

(2008) also tested high impact hybrid composite material with coconut fibres as reinforcement

for ballistic armor, and satisfactory results were reported.

Review of related literature

By nature, coconut fibers are designed to provide the coconut with a rich medium in

which to root when it lands in the soil. This explains why it is naturally very effective in

fulfilling what it was originally designed to do. Coconut fibers have good tensile strength. It is

elastic, light weight and resistant to water decay. Also this fiber is resistant to seawater and is

used to make fishnets. It is used for cables and rigging on ships. It also swells lightly when put in

water, so it was used many years ago for binding and plugging the spaces between planks on

hulls of boat.

The coconut husk is that 5-10 cm thick fibrous covering of the coconut fruit which envelops

the hard shell structure of 3.5 mm thickness. The external appearance of the husk varies from

decidedly dull brown when fully ripe to bright green when immature. There are other varieties

whose husks are golden yellow or yellow brown. The husk is full of long, coarse fibers, all

running in one direction. The fibers are embedded in a matrix of material called coir dust. Since

husks are porous, they absorb or retain water (Banzon and Velasco 1982).

According to the United Coconut Association of the Philippines (UCAP), the average

weight of husk of the coconut fruit is 0.4 kg. It has been established that 30% of the husk can be

obtained as commercial coir fiber .Of this extractible fiber, 40% is the coarse type usually

referred to as bristle fiber and 60% is the finer material mattress fiber The coir fiber dust

constitutes the remaining 70%. The composition of coconut husk is illustrated in Tables 1 and 2.

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

Table 1.1
Composition of coconut husk
CONSTITUENT PERCENT

Moisture 15.0

Lignin 43.0

Ash 8.26

Alkalinity of ash (as K2O) 37.5

a
Balce, S. (2000)

Coir is a fibrous material found between the leathery covering and the shell of a coconut.

The natural color of coir varies from light brown to very dark brown, depending on the variety

and maturity of the nut from which it was extracted, and the processing conditions. The fibers

are stiff coarse, resilient, pliable and quite resistant to bacterial attack. They have very good

water resistance being second only to the black fibers of the sugar palm, Arengasaccharifera

The fibers consist mainly of lignin and cellulose. Cellulose which is water soluble pectins

and hemicelluloses make up the bulk in the ground tissue of the husk. Lignin, the other main

fiber constituent, is responsible for the stiffness of the coir. It is also responsible partly for the

natural color of the fiber.

When viewed under the microscope in cross-section, the fiber is seen to be quite a simple

vascular bundle surrounded by a sheath of thickened schlerenchymatous cells. The fibers are

made up of elementary fiber cells with varied length of about 0.7 mm and thickness of 12mm-20

mm. The largest fiber may have a length of up to 35 cm and thickness from 0.3mm-1.5 mm,

being thickest in the middle, as against abaca, which varies from 0.2 mm-1.0 mm .In 1935

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

Hewitt and Thomas made an x-ray investigation of stretched and unstretched fibers of coir and

found that the x-ray pattern is similar to that of cotton.

A comparative appraisal of the physical characteristics of pulp from the different pulping

conditions showed a trend in the decrease of pulp strength with the increase of cooking liquor

concentration. This indicated the prevalence of undesirable pulp degradation with the increase of

active alkali.

Aside from those research and investigations, coconut fibers can be used in many industries.

Some of them were twines, mats, carpets, sacks, ropes, fishing nets, plasterboards, insulating

materials, calking materials and many more. These are some of the indications that the properties

of the coconut husk fibers can be a strong component of industrial tile products.

Table 1.2
Chemical composition of coconut husk fiber (in percent of dry weight)

FIBER

COMPOSITION OLD NUT (%) YOUNG NUT (%) VERY YOUNG NUT (%)

Water soluble substances 26 29 38. 50

Pectin, others soluble in

boiling water 14. 25 14. 85 15. 25

Hemicelluloses 8.5 8.15 9. 00

Lignin 29. 33 31. 64 20. 13

Cellulose 23. 87 19. 26 14. 39

Source: G. N. Prabhu, Technologist, Coir Board, India

Experimental offset-book paper, which was produced from a stock furnish of a blend of

60% coconut-coir bleached pulp, complied with the strength and optical requirements of the U.S.
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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

Federal Specifications for offset-book paper. In quality, this experimental paper was superior to

the commercial offset-book papers tested at the FPRDI

The particular virtue of fibers is elasticity; its water resistance (to decay) which the

maximum water-holding capacity is about 623 percent and be a major factor to decompose very

slowly thatcan lasts for about 20 or more years, and its lightness. Coconut husk fibers are stiff,

coarse, resilient, pliable and quite resistant to bacterial attack. The main constituent of fibers is

lignin. The dark color and stiffness of the fiber due to it.

Coconut fibers aside from containing tannin (a natural fungicide) is also proven to be

more resilient, more durable and well ventilated compared to its synthetic counterpart. These are

important characteristics which make coconut fibers an ideal material for industrial uses

particularly for car seats. Coconut fibers are also carbon dioxide neutral and compared with

polyurethane materials, coconut fibers have superior natural ventilation aside from costing at

least five percent (5%) less than polyurethane. The life span of a manufactured part made from

coconut fiber has also been estimated at 90 years.

On the other hand, tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic,

stone, metal, or even glass. Tiles are generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or

other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from

lightweight materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and ceiling

applications. In another sense, a tile is a construction tile or similar object, such as rectangular

counters used in playing games.

Tiles are often used to form wall and floor coverings, and can range from simple square

tiles to complex mosaics. Tiles are most often made from porcelain, fired clay or ceramic with a

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

hard glaze, but other materials are also commonly used, such as glass, metal, cork, and stone.

Tiling stone is typically marble, onyx, granite or slate. Thinner tiles can be used on walls than on

floors, which require thicker, more durable surfaces.

Justification of the Study

Coconut husk fibers have been already tested to be extremely durable and more resistant

than other fibers most especially the brown one. Just like the findings of Eric R. Advincula stated

when coconut coir used as a material ingredient, it must be brown and dry. When it is added to

concrete mass as fiber reinforcement, uniformly distributes themselves throughout the concrete

board that provides multidimensional strengthening therefore increasing the concrete resistant to

cracks. The study only discussed the compressive strength of using coconut husks as a

construction material in concrete buildings and not in industrial purposes particularly tiles. So,

the study of the researchers is validated to be original and accepted.

The related literature and studies reviewed justified that there is a possibility of using

coconut husk fibers in producing higher quality tile productfor which can be accepted

commercially in the industry. This study also aims to look for other alternative ingredients to be

used in making tiles. And finally, this intended to broad the knowledge about the proposed

ingredients specifically coconut husk fibers. By this research, the proponents will know the

potentials, properties and capabilities of the proposed study.

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

CHAPTER 3

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This section of the research paper discussed the methods used in this study as well as the

procedures followed while conducting the experiment. The materials and equipment are also

enumerated together with their quantity.

Research Design

The two-group design was utilized in this study. The study was concerned with two

different groups. By this design, the researchers will find a way to know the significant

differences between two comparable groups; the experimental group and the controlled group. In

this research study, the cocotile product served as the experimental one while the traditional

ceramic tile served as the controlled group wherein the assessment and observations of the

materials and variables used were recorded for the manipulation and statistical purposes.

Materials

The materials used in the research study are specifically coconut husk fibers as a main

component for compressive strength, cement and clay tile for stability purposes, oil which was

applied to the moldering pan, and water to control the viscosity of the mixtures.

Table 2.1
Materials used in the preparation for making cocotile

Materials Quantity

coconut husk fibers 80 grams

cement 180 grams

23 | Page
 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

clay 100 grams

Sand 50 grams

Oil 20ml

Water 50ml

Equipment/Apparatus and Utensils

The equipment and utensils used for the experimentation process were moldering pan for

having standard size and shape tile product, measuring cup for more accurate amount of

ingredients, spoon and mixing container for mixing the ingredients and trowel for flattening

purposes.

Table 2.2
Equipment and Utensils used in the preparation for making
cocotile

EquipmentUtensils Quantity

Moldering pan 3 units

Measuring cup 3 units (250 ml capacity)

Spoon 4 units

Mixing container 1 unit (500ml capacity)

Trowel 2 units

24 | Page
 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

Experimental Design
Design Mixture

Sand Clay Coconut Cement

husk fibers (180 grams)
(50 grams) (100 grams)
(80 grams)

Preparing the materials needed

Soaking coconut husk fibers in water.

Making, coconut husk fibers cement and sand mixture

Layering process

24 hour air drying

Applying some glossy paint

Test Procedure
1.) Survey
(30 correspondents tile consumers)
2.) Laboratory Testing (Compressive
Strength Test)
2-3 weeks duration

Results and Discussion

Analysis of data between cocotile product and standard ceramic tile

Flow Chart of the Research Design and Procedures:

Acceptability of Cocotile as an alternative Commercial Tile
(Fig.2)
25 | Page
 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

Methods and Procedures

The materials and ingredients including coconut husk fibers, cement, ceramic clay,

moldering pan, oil, sand and water that are needed for the experimental study were first collected

provided and organized.

To start with the experimentation, the researchers extracted the coconut husk fibers and

soaked it in a basin of water to remove the dirt and residues from the husks. 100 grams of

ceramic clay tile was carefully molded in a square form specifically 8 by 8inches. The molded

clay tile was pre-heated from 40-60 degree Celsius just for 3-5 minutes to maintain the stability

of the base tile. The moldering pan was applied by some oil to avoid adherence between the pan

and the clay tile. The pre-heated clay tile was then put inside the moldering pan which served as

the first layer for the layering process. Themixed 40 grams of coconut husk fibers, 40 ml of

water and 50 grams of cement were placed above the clay tile. The coconut husk fibers were

scattered and divided equally in every portion of the clay tile. A thin sheet layer of cement,

pulverized coconut husks and sand mixture was placed right after the coconut husk fibers are

proportionally scattered that act as the middle layer and also an assembly layer which attached

all the layers respectively. For the last layer,another mixed 40 grams of coconut husk fibers, 40

ml of water and 50 grams of cement was placed. The proportionality system that was applied in

previous procedures was followed.

In order to make the product more presentable and attractive, the tile was applied by

some glossy paints for example varnish and etc. with the purpose of polishing and flourishing.

The product was exposed to the sun for about 20-30 minutes and gradually waited for a day for

the product to dry up completely and be ready for two parts ofevaluation. First wasdone through

survey and the other was done by laboratory testing.

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

Evaluation of the Product

The evaluation of the product was divided into two parts. First was done through survey

and the other was done by laboratory testing.

The laboratory testing included the compressive strength testing wherein the product or

specimen was compressed and deformation at various loads is recorded. Compressive stress and

strain were calculated and plotted as a stress-strain diagram which was used to determine elastic

limit,proportional limit, yield point, yield strength and, for some materials, compressive

strength.Durometer Hardness was used to determine the relative hardness of hard materials,

usually concrete and ceramics. The test measures the penetration of a specified indented into the

material under specified conditions of force and time. The hardness value is often used to

identify or specify a particular hardness of elastomers or as a quality control measure on lots of

material.

To work out for the evaluation of the product, the researchers chose 30correspondents to

use the experimental product which were prepared as floor tiles. Each correspondent was given

15 cocotiles and was assigned to put them on the commonly used passage specifically in front of

the main door. The number of cracks present in two week of observation was recorded.

Statistical Treatment

After the evaluation method, now the researchers proceeded on applying a statistical

treatment by which the main goal is to know the significant differences between the two

comparable groups which are the experimental and controlled group: the cocotile and the

traditional floor tile.

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

The statistical treatment used in analyzing and interpreting the data was t-test.

The research study is best suited to use T-Test which supports and designed for having

null hypothesis. This is also especially appropriate as the analysis for the two-group experimental

design. The t-test looks at the t-statistic, t-distribution and degrees of freedom to determine a p

value (probability) that can be used to determine whether the population means differ.

̅̅̅
𝑋1 − ̅̅̅
𝑋2
𝑡=
𝑆𝐷12 𝑆𝐷22
√ −
𝑁1 𝑁2

̅̅̅1stands for the mean of the first variable (cocotile); 𝑋

where 𝑋 ̅̅̅2stands for the mean of the second

variable (standard tile); 𝑆𝐷1 is the variance ofcocotile ; 𝑆𝐷2 is the variance of standard tile;

𝑁1 number of cases of coconut husk fibers used in making cocotile; and 𝑁2 , number of cases of

standard tile.

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

Chapter 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter of the research paper contains the analysis of data gathered during the

experiments and survey period. Moreover, the chapter also presents the data as well as its

interpretation.

To be able to determine durometer hardness of the sample tiles (cocotile and standard

tile), the mean and standard deviation was calculated. The mean thickness of the samples was

also measured. Table 1 below shows results of the durometer hardness test.

Table 3.1

Durometer Hardness Test of cocotile and standard ceramic tile

Durometer Hardness
Sample Thickness
Code Mean Standard Deviation (mm)
2013-1600-1 87.4 0.945 10.5

2013-1600-2 82.3 1.01 10.0

Footnotes: a. the sample code 2013-1600-1 refers to the cocotile

b. The sample code 2013-1600-2 refers to the standard tile

Source: ITDI-DOST Laboratory Center

Table 3.1 presents the durometer hardness test that was applied in the cocotile and

standard tile. The computed mean hardness of the cocotile is 87.4 and the computed standard

deviation hardness is 0.945, having a mean thickness of 10.5 mm. On the other hand, the

computed mean hardness of the standard tile is 82.3 and the computed standard deviation

hardness is 1.01, having mean thickness of 10.0 mm.

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

Based from the computed the mean, standard deviation and thickness, the results shows

that the cocotile is thicker and is harder than the standard tile. While the standard deviation,

indicates how far the trial measurements are from each sample tiles.

The graph below shows the difference between the hardness of the two comparable

groups which are the cocotile, the experimental and standard tile as the controlled, computing its

mean and standard deviation. The data of the result came from the laboratory testing specifically

Durometer Hardness Test.

Figure 3.1 Durometer Hardness Test of cocotile and standard ceramic tile

Sample Tiles

Cocotile
Mean
of the hardness

Standard Tile

75 80 85 90
Ratings of Durometer Hardness

Footnote: In standard deviation and Mean Thickness of the two sample tiles were scaled 100:1,
which means the rating divided by 100 is the exact quantities.

Source: ITDI-DOST Laboratory Center

The conditioning atmosphere was also determined, specifically temperature and humidity

showing the total relativity of the variables. Table 2 shows the conditioning atmosphere of the

cocotile and standard tiles.

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

Table 3.2

Conditioning Atmosphere of cocotile and standard tile

Conditioning Atmosphere Total Relativity

Sample Code (%)
Temperature, (0C) Humidity, (%)

2013-1600-1 23+2 50+5 2.89

2013-1600-2 25+4 51+7 3.47

Footnotes: a. The sample code 2013-1600-1 refers to the cocotile

b. The sample code 2013-1600-2 refers to the standard tile
Source: ITDI-DOST Laboratory Center

Table 3.2 presents the conditioning atmosphere of cocotile and standard tile. The

following sample codes represent the sample tiles, cocotile and standard tile. The temperature

and humidity was measured to show the percentage relativity of these variables to the two

sample tiles. The temperature of the cocotile is 23+2 degree Celsius and the humidity is 50+5%,

having a total relativity of 2.89%. On the other hand, the temperature of the standard tile is 25+4

and humidity of 51+%, having a total relativity of 3.47%.

Before the laboratory testing procedure was done, the temperature and the humidity of

the comparable groups were measured. The cocotile has a lower temperature and humidity. This

indicates that the cocotile has lesser capacity of absorbing heat which gives a total relativity of

2.89%. While on the other hand, the standard tile has the higher temperature and humidity. This

indicates that it has a greater absorbing capacity which gives a total relativity of 3.47%.

The graph below shows the difference between the measures of temperature and humidity

of the two comparable groups which are the cocotile, the experimental and standard tile as the

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

controlled. This measurement determines the relationship between the variables which give the

total relativity of the two sample tiles.

Figure 3.2 Conditioning Atmosphere of cocotile and standard tile

Sample Tiles
Cocotile Temperature

Humidity

Standard Total Relativity

Tile (10=1)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Conditioning Atmosphere
Footnote: In Total relativity of the two sample tiles were scaled 10:1, which means the rating divided by
10 is the exact quantity.

Source: ITDI-DOST Laboratory Center

One of the variables that served as an indicator hardness of the sample tiles were the

number of cracks of out of 15 tiles in each household that has been observed for week 1. Below

is the table referring to the number of cracks present in cocotiles and standard ceramic tile

Table 3.3
Number of cracks in cocotiles and standard tiles
(week 1)
\

Number of Households (with 15 floor tiles)

Sample Total number
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 of cracks
Cocotile 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3

standard tile 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

Total 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 4

Source: Survey

Table 3.3 presents the number of cracks present in cocotile and standard tile after 1

week.The two samples were the cocotile and standard tile. The number of cracks present in
32 | Page
 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

cocotilewere in household 1, 1 crack present; in household 2, nocrack present; in household 3,

1crack present; in household 4, nocrack present; in household 5, nocrack present; inhousehold 6,

nocrack present; in household 7, nocrack present; in household 8, 1crack present; in household 9,

no crack present; and in household 10, no crack present respectively with a total of 3 cracks.

While the number of cracks present in standard tile were in household 1, no crack present; in

household 2, nocrack present; in household 3, nocrack present; in household 4, no crack present;

in household 5, nocrack present; in household 6, nocrack present; in household 7, nocrack

present; in household 8, 1crack present; in household 9, no crack present; and in household 10,

no crack present respectively with a total of only 1crack. The total number of cracks present

incocotiles and in standard tiles is 4.

The other indicator of the potential hardness of the two comparable groups was

determined through survey. The results shows the number of cracks present in the tile samples ,

namely cocotile and standard tile, in every household which are related to its hardness and

durability in application as floor tiles. The table shows that the greater the number of cracks

present in the two sample tiles, the lesser the potential hardness of tiles. As a result, the cocotile

with a total of 3 cracks has lesser potential hardness than that of the standard tile with a total of

only 1 crack in the first week of observation.

The graph below shows the number of cracks in cocotile and standard tile samples which

are placed in 10 different households for two weeks. The number of cracks indicates the potential

hardness of the two sample tiles

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

Figure 3.3
Number of cracks in cocotiles and standard tiles
(week 1)
Number of cracks
1.2

0.8 Number of cracks in

Cocotile
0.6 Number of cracks in
Standard Tile
0.4

0.2

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of Household

Footnote: Each color represent the two sample tiles (blue- cocotile, red-standard tile) and its respective crack
frequency in week 2

Source: Survey

One of the variables that served as an indicator hardness of the sample tiles were the

number of cracks of out of 15 tiles in each household that has been observed for week 2. Below

is the table referring to the number of cracks present in cocotiles and standard ceramic tile.

Table 3.4
Number of cracks in cocotiles and standard tiles
(week 2)
\

Number of Households (with 15 floor tiles)

Sample Total number
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 of cracks
Cocotile 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 7

standard tile 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 3

Total 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 3

Source: Survey

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

Table 3.4 presents the number of cracks present in cocotile and standard tile after 1 week.

The two samples were the cocotile and standard tile. The number of cracks present in cocotile

were in household 1, 1 crack present; in household 2, no crack present; in household 3, 1crack

present; in household 4, 2crack present; in household 5, no crack present; in household 6, 1crack

present; in household 7, 1crack present; in household 8, 1crack present; in household 9, no crack

present; and in household 10, no crack present respectively with a total of 7 cracks. While the

number of cracks present in standard tile were in household 1, 1 crack present; in household 2,

no crack present; in household 3, no crack present; in household 4, 1 crack present; in household

5, no crack present; in household 6, no crack present; in household 7, no crack present; in

household 8, 1crack present; in household 9, no crack present; and in household 10, no crack

present respectively with a total of only 3 cracks. The total number of cracks presents in

cocotiles and in standard tiles are 10.

The other indicator of the potential hardness of the two comparable groups was

determined through survey. The results shows the number of cracks present in the tile samples,

namely cocotile and standard tile, in every household which are related to its hardness and

durability in application as floor tiles. The table shows that the greater the number of cracks

presents in the two sample tiles, the lesser the potential hardness of tiles. As a result, the cocotile

with a total of 7 cracks has lesser potential hardness than that of the standard tile with a total of

only 3 cracks in the second week of observation.

After the two weeks of observation, the researchers interpreted that as the time gets

longer the potential hardness of the cocotile decreases, but the factor of not fully dried may also

be considered whereas the standard tile is somehow consistent which only has an additional of

only 2 cracks in second week..

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

The graph below shows the number of cracks in cocotile and standard tile samples which

are placed in 10 different households for two weeks. The number of cracks indicate the potential

hardness of the two sample tiles.

Figure 3.4
Number of cracks in cocotiles and standard tiles
(week 2)
Number of cracks
1.2

0.8 Number of
cracks in
0.6 cocotile
Number of
0.4 cracks in
standard tile
0.2

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of Household

Footnote: Each color represent the two sample tiles (blue- cocotile, red-standard tile) and its respective crack
frequency in week 2

Source: Survey

The table shows below the survey results gathered from the observation conducted by the

researchers which determine the number of cracks present in each cocotile and standard tile to

test the compressive strength of the said sample tiles.

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

Table 3.5
Results of the Survey on using cocotile and standard tile

Number of Cracks Total number of

Sample Tiles
Week 1 Week 2 cracks present

Cocotile 3 4 7

standard tile 1 2 3

Source: Survey

Table 3.5 presents the results of the survey cocotile and standard tile that were observed

in 2 weeks (week 1and week 2) wherein cocotile has a frequency of 3 cracks in week 1 and 7

cracks in week 2 for a total of 7 cracks present. While on the other hand the standard tile has a

frequency of only 1 crack in week 1 and1 cracks in week 2 for a total of 2 cracks present.

Table 3.6 below shows the bivariate analysis sample utilizing t-test which is used to

know the significant difference between the two comparable groups, the cocotiles and standard

tiles in two-week preparation and observation.

Table 3.6 Bivariate Analysis Sample using t-test on the Number of cracks present in cocotile and

standard tile after 2 weeks

Cocotile Standard tile

x1 x1 - x1 2 2
(x1 - x1) x2 x2 – x2 (x2 – x2)

Week 1 3 -0.5 0.25 1 1 2

Week 2 4 0.5 0.25 1 1 2

Total 7 1 0.50 2 1 4

t= 3.33 d(f)=2

Footnote: x1, represent the number of cracks of cocotile

x1 - x1, represent difference between the frequencies and mean number of cracks of cocotile
2,
(x1 - x1) represent square of difference between the frequencies and mean number of cracks of cocotile

37 | Page
 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

x2, represent the number of cracks of standard tile

x2 – x2, represent difference between the frequencies and mean number of cracks of cocotile
2,
(x2 – x2) represent square of difference between the frequencies and mean number of cracks of cocotile

Source: Survey

The computed t-value obtained is 3.33 with 2 degrees of freedom (df). This value is

significant at 0.1 level of confidence due to greater than 2.920, tabular value 0.1 level at df 2

(t.10(2)=2.920). This means that the acceptability of cocotile, as an alternative tileand standard tile

in terms of hardness (compressive strength) really differ with each other. Therefore, the null

hypothesis is rejected.

38 | Page
 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings

This study was governed by a general objective of finding out if the cocotile can be an

acceptable alternative commercial tile. Sub-problems were also formulated to further analyze the

results of the experiment and the results of laboratory tests. Below are the formulated sub-

problems as well as the answers to each of them.

1.)Are there possible effects on the compressive strength of the cocotile if coconut husk fibers

used as an alternative component?

 According to the survey which considered the number of cracks to serve as the testing

procedure for compressive strength, the cocotile produced an average of 5 cracks while

the standard tile produced an average of 2 cracks after 2 weeks or 14 days of survey and

observation.

2.)Is there a significant difference on the acceptability of cocotile and standard tile in terms of

hardness?

 According to the t-test table, the computed t-value with an obtained value of 3.33 having

2 degrees of freedom is greater than the 2.920, tabular value at 0.1 level of confidence

(t.10(2)=2.920). This means that the acceptability of cocotile, as an alternative tile and

standard tile in terms of hardness really differ to each other.

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

Conclusion

The following conclusions were formulated by the researchers from the findings listed

above.

1)There are possible effects on the compressive strength of the cocotile if coconut husk

fibers used as an alternative ingredient

2)There is significant difference on the acceptability of cocotile and standard ceramic tile

in terms of hardness.

Recommendations

The following recommendations were drawn by the researchers from the conclusions

formulated above:

1. Coconut husk fiber is recommended for as an alternative and major component in

making tiles.

2. The cocotile could be used as an outdoor tile like in hallways, garden and verandas for

it to produce convenience same as the standard tile could give.

3 Standard tile is more recommended in for inside house usage and convenience.

4 The future researchers are encouraged to conduct similar study by using different

variables such as type of fibers, climate, and type of tile to be used as control group.

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

REFERENCES

Reference from books

Technical Data Handbook on the Coconut: Its Products and By-products. Philippine Coconut
Authority, 2004

J. G. Ohler. Modern Coconut Management: Palm Cultivation and Products. Intermediate

Technology Publications, 1999.

M.C. Perry and W. G. Ayad. Descriptors for Coconut, Cocos Nucifera L. New York: E & N
Publication, 2001.

Gabriel De Taffin. Coconut and its Industry. Macmillan :Federation of Coconut Investors
Foundation, 2004.

Jasper Guy Woodroof. Coconuts: Production, Processing, Product. Technology & Engineering .
AVI Pub. Co. , Jun 1, 1979 -

Julian A. Banzon, Jose R. Coconut: The Tree of Life. Velasco. Philippine Coconut Research and
Development Foundation, 2002

Mathur, K. Muralidharan, V. A. Parthasarathy, P. Batugal and F. Bonnot .Data Analysis Manual

for Coconut Researchers - Bioversity Technical Bulletin . 21 October 2001.

Reference from internet

Philippine Coconut Authority .Pursue Development of Coir in Industry
Online at http://www.pca.da.gov.ph/ Pursue_Development_of_Coir_in_Industry . 06
August 2005.
Philippine Coconut Authority. Coconut - Tree of Life
Online athttp://www.pca.da.gov.ph/tol.html. 12 March 2002

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile
APPENDICES
Table 4.1
Time Table in Research II
Date/Time General Schedule
July 1-12, 2013 Gathering of information
for background
July 15-19, 2013 Deciding for the research topic
to be studied
July 22-August 2, 2013 Starting on writing and
preparing the proposal for the
chosen study
August 5-16, 2013 Collecting the materials,
ingredients, equipment and
other utensils to be used in
the experiment
August 19-September 6, Doing the experiment
2013
September 9-27, 2013 Doing library research
September 30-October 11, Making the Chapter 2 as the
2013 part of the proposal
Specific things to do
Looking for source of
information about the
background of tiles and an
overview on coconut husk
fibers and its development in
our industry
Thinking a research topic that
can be possible within 8-
month study frame including
the abundance of materials
and application of the study if
necessary.
Writing the research proposal
including the problem and its
background, statement of the
problem, hypothesis,
conceptual framework,
significance of the study
scope and limitation of the
study and definition of terms
Collect coconut husk fiber,
cement, tile clay, sand, oil,
water, moldering pan,
measuring cup, spoon, mixing
container and trowel
Making the cocotile product
following the experimental
procedures in methods.
Doing a research about the
properties of coconut husk
fibers and searching for other
related studies and literatures
to justify strongly the topic.
Writing the chapter 2
including the review of related
legal basis, review of related
studies, review of related
42 | Page
 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

literatures and justification of

October 14-18, 2013 Preparing for the survey
October 21-November 1, Survey proper
2013 (observation as the primary
purpose)
November 4-22, 2013 Laboratory Test
November 25-December 27 Revision of the research paper
2013
January 6-24 2014 Tentative date for the oral
defense preparation
January 27-February 7, Tentative date for the actual
2014 oral defense presentation
the study
Preparing the cocotile and the
standard tile that will be used
as floor tiles
Making a survey through
placing each sample tiles in
commonly used passageway
(in front of the door) of the
chosen correspondents.
Observe the number of cracks
present in each household.
The cocotile and standard tile
should undergo laboratory test
measuring its potential
hardness.
Revising the Chapter 1-3 of
the research paper
Working Chapter 4and 5,
making a research booth and
presentation for the oral
defense.
Defending the potential of the
study with powerpoint
presentation, research booth
and product if necessary

Prepared by:

PRUDENCIO, DANIEL ANDRE O.

COSTINIANO, PAULEEN JOY C.

GONZALES, KATHLEEN RAE E.

Researchers

43 | Page
 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

Table 4.2
Log Book in Research II

Date/Time Place Purpose Members Attended Signature

July 6, 2013 Gonzales’ Making a background Daniel Andre O.

Residence check about the Prudencio __________
Mambog 1, utilization of coconut Pauleen Joy C.
City of husk fibers in Costiniano __________
Bacoor industrial purposes Kathleen Rae E.
and the demand for Gonzales __________
tiles
July 19, 2013 Costiniano’s Finalizing the research Daniel Andre O.
Residence topic, the title and Prudencio __________
Molino 4 identifying the main Pauleen Joy C.
City of problem and objective Costiniano __________
Bacoor of the study. Kathleen Rae E.
Gonzales __________

August 1-2, BNHS- Doing the write-ups Daniel Andre O.

2013 Molino Main for the Chapter 1 as a Prudencio __________
part of the research Pauleen Joy C.
proposal to be Costiniano __________
submitted next week Kathleen Rae E.
Gonzales __________

August 5-16, Gonzales’ Collecting all the Daniel Andre O.

2013 Residence materials,ingredients Prudencio __________
Mambog 1, equipment and other Pauleen Joy C.
City of utensils to be used for Costiniano __________
Bacoor the experimentation Kathleen Rae E.
that will be done next Gonzales __________
week.
August 24-25 Gonzales’ Making the cocotile Daniel Andre O.
August 31- Residence product following the Prudencio __________
September1, Mambog 1, experimental Pauleen Joy C.
2013 City of procedures and Costiniano __________
Bacoor methods. Kathleen Rae E.
Gonzales __________

September 14, National Doing a library Daniel Andre O.

2013 Library of research on finding Prudencio __________
the some related studies, Pauleen Joy C.
Philippines literature and other Costiniano __________
Manila legal bases that will Kathleen Rae E.
justify and strengthen Gonzales __________
the study

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

October 4 and Prudencio’s Writing the Chapter 2 Daniel Andre O.

October 11, Residence as the part of the Prudencio __________
2013 Mambog 5, proposal including Pauleen Joy C.
City of Review of Related Costiniano __________
Bacoor literatures Kathleen Rae E.
Gonzales __________

October 19-20, Prudencio’s Preparing for the Daniel Andre O.

2013 Residence survey. Preparing the Prudencio __________
cocotile and standard Pauleen Joy C.
tile to be used in Costiniano __________
chosen households Kathleen Rae E.
Gonzales __________

October 21- Perpetual Survey proper Daniel Andre O.

November 4, Village 7. (observation as the Prudencio __________
2013 Mambog 5 primary purpose. It is Pauleen Joy C.
by observing the Costiniano __________
number of cracks Kathleen Rae E.
present everyday.) Gonzales __________

November 9, DOST- ITDI Going to DOST-ITDI Daniel Andre O.

November 22, (Taguig) Center for the cocotile Prudencio __________
2013 and standard tile to Pauleen Joy C.
undergo Laboratory Costiniano __________
Test. Returning for the Kathleen Rae E.
results. Gonzales __________

November 30- Costiniano’s Revising research Daniel Andre O.

December 1 Residence paper from Chapter 1- Prudencio __________
December 8-9, Chapter 3 for the final Pauleen Joy C.
2013 thesis paper Costiniano __________
Kathleen Rae E.
Gonzales __________

January 11-12 Gonzales’ Preparing for the oral Daniel Andre O.

January 18-19 Residence defense by making the Prudencio __________
2014 research booth, the Pauleen Joy C.
Chapters 1-5 of the Costiniano __________
research paper and Kathleen Rae E.
powerpoint Gonzales __________
presentation.
February 7, BNHS- The actual day for oral Daniel Andre O.
2014 Molino Main defense presentation Prudencio __________
with powerpoint Pauleen Joy C.
presentation, research Costiniano __________
booth and product. Kathleen Rae E.
Gonzales __________

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

OBSERVATION SHEET

Date modified: October 21-27, 2013

Table 4.3

Number of cracks present in every households

(3 floor cocotile, 3 standard floor tiles)
Week 1
\

Number of Households (with 15 floor tiles)

Sample Total number
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 of cracks
Cocotile 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3

standard tile 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

Total 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 4

Date modified: October 28- November 4, 2013

Table 4.4

Number of cracks present in every households

(3 floor cocotile, 3 standard floor tiles)
Week 2
\

Number of Households (with 15 floor tiles)

Sample Total number
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 of cracks
Cocotile 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 7

standard tile 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 3

Total 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 3

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an Alternative to Commercial Tile

T-TEST ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND HARDNESS OF COCOTILE

Computation for t-test:

̅̅̅
𝑋1 − ̅̅̅
𝑋2
𝑡=
𝑆𝐷12 𝑆𝐷22
√ −
𝑁1 𝑁2

7− 2
𝑡=
4 −0.50
√ −
2 2

5
t =
√2 + 0.25

5
t =
√2.25
5
𝑡 =
1.11
t = 3.33 (insignificant at 0.1 level of probability)

Computation for Degrees of Freedom:

𝑓 = +𝑁2 − 2

𝑑𝑓 = 2 + 2 − 2

𝑑𝑓 = 4 − 2

𝑑𝑓 = 2

𝑡0.1(2) = 2.920

LABORATORY TESTING

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 Acceptability of Cocotile as an alternative Commercial Tile

PICTURE EVIDENCE IN CONDUCTING THE RESEARCH PROCEDURES

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Acceptability of Cocotile as an alternative Commercial Tile

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