Experiment 1: Vinegar Analysis

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in CM011L

Group 5
Members:
Eisma, Katreen Nicole A.
Gayares, Dana Erica G.
Martinez, Milca Rejaiah B.
Dionisio, Maria Annegela C.
Tupas, Kathleen Joy S.

Instructor:
Rommel Galvan
 Experiment 1: Vinegar Analysis

Date performed: August 14, 2018

Members:
Kathleen S. Tupas
Katreen Nicole A. Eisma
Maria Annegela C. Dionisio
Dana Erica G. Gayares
Milca Rejaiah B. Martinez

A. Materials, Apparatus & Chemicals

 Retort Stand  250 ml Erlenmeyer Flask
 Electric balance  100 ml Volumetric flask
 Burette  Beaker
 Burette lamp  Funnel10 ml graduated
 Pipette cylinder
 30 ml vinegar
 50 ml of NaOH solution
 4 drops of phenolphthalein
 Water

B. Procedures
1. Add 15 ml of vinegar to a clean dry 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask.
2. Add 2 drops of Phenolphthalein.
3. Rinse the wall of the flask with 20 ml of previously boiled, deionized water
4. Rinse a 50 ml burette with 4 ml of NaOH solution twice
5. Fill the burette with NaOH solution, making sure to remove air bubbles.
6. Read the initial volume.
7. Lace a white paper beneath the flask containing vinegar.
8. Slowly add the NaOH Solution from the burette to the acid, with continuous swirl of the
flask.
9. After the vinegar changes its color to light pink. Record the final volume of NaOH.
10. Repeat the same procedure for Trial 2.
 C. Data Computations

a. Preparation of vinegar sample

density = 1 g / ml
Trial 1 Trial 2
15 𝑔 15
𝑣= 𝑣=
1 𝑔/𝑚𝑙 1 𝑔/𝑚𝑙

v = 15 ml v = 15ml

Brand of vinegar or unknown no.

Trial 1 Trial 2
1. Mass of flask
2. Mass of flask + vinegar
3. Mass of vinegar (g) 15 ml 15ml

B. Analysis of Vinegar sample

1. Burette reading of NaOH, initial (ml) 25 ml 25 ml
2. Burette reading of NaOH, final (ml) 13.1 ml 13.6ml
3. Volume of NaOH used (mL) 11.9 ml 12.4 ml
4. Molar concentration of NaOH (mol / L) 0.1013 M NaOH
5. Moles of NaOH added (mol) 0.0012 mol 0.0016 mol
6. Moles of CH3COOH in Vinegar (mol) 0.0012 mol 0.0016 mol
7. Mass of CH3COOH in vinegar (g) 48.04 g 50.44 g
8. Percent by mass of CH3COOH in vinegar (g) 3.20 % 3.36%
9. Average percent by mass of CH3COOH in vinegar (%) 3.28%

Calculations (Trial 1)
Moles of NaOH added (mol) = (0.1013 M) (0.0119 L)
= 0.0012 mol
Moles of NaOH = moles of CH3COOH
0.0012 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Molarity of CH3COOH = 0.0015 𝐿

= 0.8 mol / L
60.05 𝑔
Mass = 0.8 mol x 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 = 48.04 g
48.05
% = 15.0 𝑔 x 100% = 3.20%
Trial 2
Moles of NaOH = (0.1013 M NaOH) (0.0124 L)
= 0.00126 mol NaOH
Moles of CH3COOH = 0.00126 mol CH3COOH
0.00126 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Molarity of CH3COOH = = 0.84 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿
0.0015 𝐿
60.05
Mass of CH3COOH = 0.84 mol x 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 50.44 𝑔
50.44 𝑔
%= x 100% = 3.31 %
15 𝑔

D. Answer to Lab Questions

1. Adding deionized water to a sample that is to be observed through titration does not
actually affect that particular sample’s composition. No matter how much water you put in
the Erlenmeyer Flask, the sample’s number of moles will stay as a constant throughout the
experiment. As long as the initial volume of the titrant is known, the analysis should not
be affected. The reason this addition is usually done in the first place is to add volume in
order to allow the researchers to be able to see the change or color in the mixture more
closely.
2. Not boiling the deionized water might allow trace amounts of other gases that have been
dissolved in it to affect its composition. Some of these gases, particularly CO2, are acidic
in nature and could possibly cause the solution to have a higher acidic percentage than
normal although in some cases, the amount of dissolved gases in an unboiled sample of
deionized water are rather miniscule, so it’s also possible for the analysis to be unaffected
in a way.
3. The amount of acetic acid in vinegar is determined by the volumentric titration or acetic
acid with standardized NaOH solution when atmospheric carbon dioxide is absorbed by
deionized water used in the titration, it would react with water and form carbonic acid.
When the deionized ater is contaminated with carbonic acid, it would result in the
consumption of a higher amount of NaOH for neutralization. Therefore, the amount of
acetic acid determined would be too high than it should be.
4. A) because we are determining % by weight, it’s easier to measure mass precisely
B) Density of the vinegar
5. This error will result in an increase on the reported percent acetic acid in the vinegar because
the purpose of waiting 10-15 seconds is to allow the titrant to drain from the wall so that the
reading will accurate. If the initial volume is recorded immediately, the error will affect the
percent acetic acid.
6. For instance, if there’s more base, this means that more acid will be needed to neutralize it.
Because of this, the calculate percentage will be higher.
 7. The boiled, deionized water does not affect the reported percentage of acetic acid in the
vinegar. It only eliminates any dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide or oxygen which are
molecular, and therefore are not removed during the deionizing process. The number balance
of hydronium ions or hydroxide ions will remain unchanged. The said titrimetric technique is
only done to have a more precise reading.
8. Rinsing the flask ensures that the entire sample is titrated into the solution. However, the
error of having a drop of NaOH titrant adhere to the wall of the flask will result to the acetic
acid having an underestimated amount since not all of the sodium hydroxide is accounted in
the calculation of the percent of acetic acid. Although it got stuck to the sides of the flask, it
still was recorded as a part of neutralization.

E. Answer to Pre-lab Questions

0.10 𝑚𝑜𝑙 0.250 𝐿 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻
1𝐿
𝑥 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 0.0025 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 𝑥 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
60.06 𝑔
0.0025 mol x = 0.150 𝑔 𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙

0.150 𝑔 1𝑚𝑙
0.05𝑔 = 30 solution x = 3 ml solution
( ) 1.0 𝑔
1.0𝑔𝑠𝑜𝑙

2.
a. Using a white cord with a black mark gives a more accurate reading because the white part of the cord
becomes very visible in the meniscus making it easier to see when reading it against the black mark.
b. Using the 30 second technique helps determine whether or not the permanent color change has occurred.
If the color change happens it is best to stop titrating and wait for 30 seconds to see if the color persists.
You can tell the titration has completed once the color stays after using this time lapse technique.
3.17 𝑔
3 . 0.5 x 100
= 0.01855 C6H8O7
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑔 𝐶6𝐻8𝑂7 1𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
0.01855 g C6H8O7 x 𝑥 = 9.76 x 10-7 mol NaOH
190.12 𝑔 𝐶6𝐻8𝑂7 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6𝐻8𝑂7

9.76𝑥10−7
Volume = 0.0100
= 0.00976 = 9.76 mL

4) The purpose of titration is to identify the concentration of a given titrant through a careful and analytical
procedure which involves the accurate measurement of the analyst (NaOH) used to turn the vinegar solution
light pink. Achieving a darker color tan light pink means that way too much NaOH than deemed necessary
was applied to the sample which consequently means that the acquired data will not be accurate.

F. Results and Discussion

 The experiment was conducted to ascertain the molarity of a solution and the percent by mass of acetic
acid in the Lorins vinegar by titrating it with the standardized sodium hydroxide solution. The buret’s initial
reading for NaOH was 25 mL. After titrating the NaOH twice for accurate results, we then recorded the
data. 13.1 mL of NaOH was the final buret reading for Trial 1, and as for Trial 2, we were left with 12.5
mL of NaOH. The molarity and the percentage by mass of CH3COOH in vinegar for the first titration are
respectively, 0.0012 mol and 3.20%. As for the second trial, the recorded data shows the molarity and
percent by mass of CH3COOH in vinegar are 0.00126 mol and 3.36%, respectively. Subsequently, the
average percent by mass of was calculated and came up with the result of 3.38%. // Given the data, the
group can tell that there is not much difference between the results obtained for Trial 1 and 2. However,
there are certain experimental errors that can be avoided to increase accuracy in the results. Make sure to
keep the beakers in a clean and dry state before using it in the experiment to prevent contamination that
could affect the solution. Second, while taking the readings, position your eyes parallel to the meniscus of
the solution level to avoid parallax errors.

G. Conclusion