Display Devices

By Vishwanath G
Assistant Professor
Department of EEE
NIEIT , Mysore
INTRODUCTION
 Planer Display : Entire characters are displayed in one plane
 Non- Planer Display :The characters are Displayed in different planes
 In Display the most used are LED
 Since it has advantages such as
 Low voltage
 Long life
 High reliability
 Low cost fast switching characteristics
 The most common Used digital using LED’s
 Seven Segments
 Alphanumeric Display
 Other type of Displays are
 LCD
 Dot Matrix
 LED[Light Emitting Diode}
 LED is an optical diode , which emits
light when forward biased.

 The LED consist of a chip of

semiconductor material doped with
impurities to create a P N junction.
 The chips are mounted in a reflecting
tray order to increase the light output.
 The contacts are made on the cathode
side by means of conductive adhesive
and on the anode side via gold wire to
the lead frame. The plastic case encloses
the chip area of the lead frame.
 Material Used in LED
 Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
 Gallium Arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) –infrared
Rediation
 ELECTROLUMINESCENCE
Forward Biased

Higher Energy level

Light may be visible or invisible (infrared) .The energy released as Light depends on
forbidden gap energy level (1.1eV) which determines the wavelength of emitted light
and this can be controlled by doping the semiconductor
Construction of LED

VF : 2 to 3V
Current Range
Supply Voltage
IF : 10 to 80mA
Reverse breakdown
voltage :3V to 10V
Drop Across
Diode
Efficiency
and
operational
parameters
 Advantage of LED Disadvantage of LED

• Several 1000 LED can be packed • Frequent replacement of

one sq.mt Battery due current drawn
• By varying current brightness of • Luminous efficiency is low
Light can be easily controlled for LED 1.5 lumen/watt
• Fast operating devices μsec • The characteristics are
• Light weight effected by temperature
• Various colour
• Long life
• Cheap and readily available
• Easy to interface
• Infrared lights are useful for burglar
alarm system
Applications and Comparison

LED
 Three main categories
 Indicators and signals [visual
Display –seven segment, alpha
numeric display , watches and
calculators]
 Lighting …. Optical devices
opto-couplers
 Data communication and other
signaling.
Different Type of LED display
LED driver Circuit
 Alphanumeric display
 18 LED s are used to get eighteen
segment display
 The characters like Y,K,M,j,h,m,k
can be easily displayed
 Decimal points and colon operator
are displayed using separate LED’s
7x5 Dot Matrix Display
LIQUID CRYSTAL TYPE DISPLAY

 It contains liquid and solid crystal which are in

crystalline arrangements of molecules, yet they flow like
liquid.
 Liquid crystal display do not emit or generate light, but
alters external generated illumination.
 The crystal are made up of organic molecules which are
rod like in shape with length of ~20 A0 100 A0 .
 Different arrangements of rod like molecules leads to
three main categories
 Smectic
 Nematic
 Cholesteric
Dynamic scattering type LCD’s
Types of LCD
 Disadvantage of
Advantage of LCD
LCD
• Less power consumption • Poor Reliability
• Low cost • Limited
• Uniform brightness with temperature range
good contrast • Poor visibility in
• Low operating voltage low ambient
and current temperature
• Slow speed
• Requires AC Drive
 Gas discharge plasma Display-Nixie tube

 The cold cathode indicators

are called as Nixie Tube
 The early Nixie displays were
made by a small vacuum tube
manufacturer called Haydu
Brothers Laboratories, and
introduced in 1955
 Characteristics of Nixie Tube

 The numericals are large , typically 15-30mm High

 The nixie tubes are single digit with or without decimal point.
 There are available in two types ,side viewing and top viewing
 Dc supply requirement for Nixie tube is 150-200V and current is 1-
5mA.
 Can be used multiplexed display.
 Is Used for Alphabetical symbols.

NEON GAS IS USED FOR RED-ORANGE COLOUR.

 Segmented gas discharge display

 To display alphabets and numerical

value
 7 segment or 14 segments
 For each 7 segments anode is
common
 Space between anode and cathode gas
is filled

 A small Current 200μA is

passed through “keep alive”
cathode to improve switching
and to supply ions.
 Major cons is it requires very
high voltage for display
Bar Graph Display
 Liquid Vapour Displays

 It consists of two glass plates with transparent volatile liquid enclosed in it. A
voltage drive is used to heat a transparent electrode. under off condition of display,
only the black background can be viewed.
 To make display ON, a voltage is applied to the electrode, generating heat in
electrode This evaporates liquid which is in contact with it. Thus around the
roughened surface of glass the vapour films and vapour bubbles are formed. with
these formation, there is a discontinuity between the glass plate and liquid
interface. Due to which light scattering takes place.
 The cathode ray tube
The cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing an
electron gun (a source of electrons) and a fluorescent screen, with in
ternal or external means to accelerate and deflect the electron beam
used to create images in the form of light emitted from the fluoresce
nt screen. The image may represent electrical waveforms
(oscilloscope), pictures (television, computer monitor),radar
targets and others.

The main parts of the

iii) Fluorescent screen
CRT are
iv) Glass tube or envelope
i) Electron gun
v) Base
ii) Deflection system
 Focus
Anode

Cathode
Electron gun

Ø The electron gun section of the cathode ray tube provides a sharply focused,
electron beam directed towards the fluorescent-coated screen.

Ø This section starts from thermally heated cathode, emitting the electrons.

Ø The control grid is given negative potential with respect to cathode.

Ø This grid controls the number of electrons in t beam, going to the screen.

Ø The momentum of the electrons (their number x their speed) determines the
intensity, or brightness, of the light emitted from the fluorescent screen due to
the electron bombardment.

Ø The light emitted is usually of the green colour.

Deflection System

Ø When the electron beam is accelerated it passes through the deflection system,
with which beam can be positioned anywhere on the screen.

Fluorescent Screen

Ø The light produced by the screen does not disappear immediately when
bombardment by electrons ceases, i.e., when the signal becomes zero.

Ø The time period for which the trace remains on the screen after the signal
becomes zero is known as “persistence or fluorescence” .

Ø The persistence may be as short as a few microsecond, or as long as tens of

seconds or even minutes.

Ø Medium persistence traces are mostly used for general purpose applications.
Ø Long persistence traces are used in the study of transients.

Ø Long persistence helps in the study of transients since the trace is still seen
on the screen after the transient has disappeared.
Glass Tube

Ø All the components of a CRT are enclosed in an evacuated glass

tube called envelope.

Ø This allows the emitted electrons to move about freely from one
end of the tube to the other end.

Base

Ø The base is provided to the CRT through which the connections are
made to the various parts.