Presenting Ideas Convincingly
Use telling metaphors
According to Richard Shell and Mario Moussa,
co-authors of the article published in Sales
Source newsletter published on June 5, 2013.
Ways in Presenting Ideas Convincingly
1. Make it vivid
Rather than abstract concepts,
use concrete, real- life examples that carry
emotional heft with the audience.
2. Put your heart into I
If you don’t really believe in
your self, your firm, and its offerings, you’ll
persuade nobody. And its not enough to
simply believe. It must be obvious to the
audience that you are a true believer.
3. Tell a story
Humans use story to order
events so that they make sense to their daily
lives. Your presentation should have a hero
who overcomes obstacles to achieve a goal.
4. Personalize your examples
A presentation should cause an
emotional shift from being “undecided” to
being “certain”. This only possible if your
presentation is relevant to your audience’s
work and life experience.
5. Make it a puzzle
If there’s some mystery to your
presentation, your audience will get involved
solving it. So do not reveal everything upfront,
especially when you are telling a story. Let the
story evolve into a meaningful ending.
6.
Drawing parallels with the familiar
helps the audience grasp complex idea.
7. Force them to think
True decision makers are quickly
bored by ideas and information that they
already understand. Instead, they crave
opportunities to exercise their brainpower to
learn something new and insightful.
Writing a Critique on Art
The purpose of an art analysis or
critique is to understand and recognize the
choices that an artist made in creating the
artwork. It deals with the formal elements
such as color, line, texture and size.
To write a visual analysis, you must
analyze closely the object and translate your
observations and analysis into a written text
called art critique or analysis. It is not just
simple recording of your observations but you
have to make your claims about the work the
work of art.
1. Observe the artwork and write down
your observations. Analyze the
artwork in terms of elements such as
composition, color, texture, size,
space and other material attributes of
the artwork.
2. Formulate your claim. Reflect on the
overall organizations of the work of
art. Consider how formal elements
contribute to the meaning of the
work. Include how the art relates to
other work of art.
 3. Support your main claim with visual
details. Organize your analysis using
logical order.
Writing an Analysis of an Event or Program
An event critique or analysis is to
assess the over-all success of the event or
program itself. The following are the elements
for analysis:
1. Audience – The success of an event is an
assessment on how well it was attended. Give
a description on the volume of the audience.
2. Problem/Emergencies – Discuss how the
host or event planner handled the problems
and emergencies, if there was any. Describe
the provision to address possible
emergencies/problems.
3. Program Emcee/Host – Indicate how the
emcee did his/her job and maintained a lively
and engaging atmosphere. Also mention how
the host handled problem or emergencies, if
there was any.
4. Food – If food was provided to the
participants, it is noteworthy to provide an
assessment for it. Indicate the satisfaction
rate of the participants. Make a review of the
quality of the food.
5. Venue – Describe the venue of the event or
program. Be able to include your assessment
on the seating arrangement, its proximity, the
convenience of the participants in going to
the place.
Critical Approaches in Writing a Critique or
Review
Criticism is an abstract,
intellectual exercises. It is an exchange of
informed opinion about a subject for review. It
is considered to be a discourse. The common
literary criticism are presented below:
1. Formalist Criticism – It regards the
subject as a unique form of human
knowledge that needs to be examined
on its own terms.
2. Biographical Criticism – It asserts that
a work of art is done by a person and
understanding his/her life would be
helpful to understand the work itself.
By looking into the biography of the
creator, you understand how his/her
life shaped and influenced the work of
art.
3. Historical Criticism – It involves
understanding the subject by using an
analysis of social, cultural and intellectual
context surrounding the work of art. In
writing a historical criticism or review, you
need to relate how the time and place of
creation affected the meaning of the
subject.
4. Gender Criticism – It examines how
sexual identity influences the creation and
reception of the subject. Feminist critics
carefully examine how the images of men
and women reflect or reject the social
forces that have historically kept the sexes
from achieving total equality.

English for Academic and Professional
Purposes
Give me the definition of the following:
1. ARMM
2. Love
3. Flash mob
4. Mother
5. DOLE
Writing concept paper
A concept paper contains an
explaination of a major concept in the study. It
provides a clear definition of the concept in
relation to other variables. It is an important
tool in making the readers well- informed
about the concept in focus. Before defining a
concept, it is important to choose what to
define. Generally, there are three(3) ways in
explaining a concept: (1) definition; (2)
explication; and (3) clarification.
Definition
This is one of the strategies in
writing. This is used in explaining unfamiliar
terms. Definition is used for two main
purposes: to explain or to convince.
Types of Definition
1. Standard Definitions-
 Definitions which meaning rarely
change and is universally accepted.
 Something established as a rule.
(example is the definition of right angle).
2. Regulatory Definitions- are the meanings
assigned by organizations and changes
depending on how it is used. ( example is
word PAG-ASA, DENR).
3. Qualifying Definitions- meanings of words
that are subject for interpretation. (example
word is delinquent) Pabaya or masama
4. Personal Definitions-
 Are definitions which depend on the
interpretations or assigned meaning
of the writer himself. (example is the
definition of friendship)
5. Invented Definitions-
 Meanings given to words which are
newly-coined as already being used in
the society.
 The definition of an invention is
something such as a device or process
that has been created or made up.
 ( example is the definition of flash
mob)
Sentence definitions: structure
Strategy A: means
Diagnostic Testing- means identifying
the learning weaknesses of the students
Strategy B: which means that
These qualities are inherent which
means that they were passed on from parents
to off springs.
Strategy C: is/are
In business letter writing, the
mechanical arrangement of words on this
page is format.
Strategy D: called/termed
Many gardeners use material from
plants such as chopped leaves, peat moss,
grass clipping which is called mulch.
Strategy E: refers to
Photosynthesis refers to the food
making process of plants.
Strategy F: or
In humans, the gestation period or
length of pregnancy is approximately nine
months.
Strategy G: insert with parenthesis
An ecosystem contains both abiotic (living)
and biotic (nonliving)
Strategy H: insert with dashes
In reading, getting a lot of clues from
the page- bottom-up reading – is a helpful
comprehension strategy.
Strategy I: which/that/where
Fraternal twins which originate when
two different eggs are fertilized by two
different sperm, do not have identical
chromosomes.
Strategy J: because
Hemophilia is called the bleeders
disease because the afflicted person’s blood is
unable to clot.
Strategy K: when
When a mutagen leads to an increase
in the incidence of cancer it is called a
carcinogen.
Strategy L: if
a condition If the thyroid fails to develop
properly called cretinism results.
Methods of definition
1. Use synonyms. This is applied by using
words having similar meanings with
the word being defined. (Amiable=
friendly) (Sorrow = sadness)
(Happiness = Joy )
2. Use comparisons. Define unfamiliar
term by using a technical term which is
more familiar with readers. ( example:
use window instead of casement) (
Heart attack = Myocardial infarction)
( Cancer = Squamous cell carcinoma)
3. Use description. Describe the term being
defined by providing details about the subject.
(example: an airbag is an inflatable cushion
which protects the passengers in a vehicle
during collision). (An airplane is a powered,
fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward
by thrust from a jet engine, propeller or rocket
engine.)
Explication
Concept explication is the
process by which abstract concepts are linked
to the real world variations so that they can be
observed by appropriate methods. It involves
deductive ( from generalization to example)
and inductive reasoning ( from examples to
generalization)
According to Merton (1958), he
defines explications as “ a good part of the
work, called “theorizing” is taken up with the
clarification of concepts– and rightly so”.
 Theorizing is an approach to
sociological theorizing aimed at integrating
theory and empirical research.
Empirical research - It is a way
of gaining knowledge by means of direct and
indirect observation or experience
Four steps in explication
1. Preliminary identification of the concept.
Identify the concept to be explicated
by answering the following questions:
a. Is each concept a variable concept?
If so, on what qualities does it vary?
b. What is the unit of analysis for this
concept?
c. How does the concept fit into the
research problem?
2. Literature Research. Use various library
resources to determine how the concept was
used by other authors. Prepare a summary of
the results of your literature research.
Points of Analysis:
a. What are the different conceptual
meanings that have been assigned to the
concept?
b. What operational definitions( how
the concept was used in the paper) have been
used?
3. Empirical Descriptions. Identify the
properties of the operational definition of the
concept. For each of the concept, explain how
you think it relates to the other concepts
related to your concepts.
Points of Analysis:
1. What are the characteristics of the
operationalization of the concept such
as the mean, median and mode and
the range of variation?
2. What antecedents and consequences
of the concept have been observed in
previous studies?
Clarification
Concept clarification is a
process which engages critical thinking. It
creates multiple meanings of the concept
through the use of three (3) steps: (1)
formulating purposes (2) choosing examining
and integrating data sources, and (3)
representing a final conceptualization that can
also be examined for adequacy. To clarify
concepts, there are two (2) basic distinctions
which are shown in the diagram:
Meaning Distinctions Chart
Meaning
Meaning to the observer Meaning
within the subject
Meaning of the
Meaning of Stating
statement
Clarification is also finding the
relationship between these two entities. For
example, happiness could mean having a wish
granted. Here, the meaning of happiness is
clarified by the relationship of the two states
happiness and having a wish granted.