ANTI THEFT ALARM FOR VEHICLES 2018-2019

1. INTRODUCTION

Nowadays people always remains terrified of snatchers. Day by day it is increasing in

a society. Specially, the women are not safe with their purse outside. For this reason, to
remove snatching the American inventors Richard W. Dixon invented purse theft alarm on
1971. It was the first use of theft alarm. It was based on the theory that a sudden pull or
jerking force exerted by the purse handle will cause the alarm to be activated.

This is a very simple as well as very useful project anti bag snatching alarm, used in
bag or suitcase in order to prevent from snatching. The heart of this entire circuit anti bag
snatching alarm is operational amplifier IC UM 3561. To provide a thief alarm device that
practically eliminates accidental triggering there of.To design and construct Anti-Bag
snatching alarm for getting rid of snatching and captured the snatchers.

The circuit kept in the bag or suitcase sounds a loud alarm, simulating a police horn, if
someone attempts to snatch the bag or suit-case. This will draw the attention of other
passengers and the burglar can be caught red handed. In the standby mode, the circuit is
locked by a plug and socket arrangement . When the burglar tries to snatch the bag, the plug
detaches from the unit’s socket to activate the alarm.

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2. POWER SUPPLY

Fig 2.1: Power Supply

A DC power supply is one that supplies a constant DC voltage to its load. Depending
on its design, a DC power supply may be powered from a DC source or from an AC source
such as the power mains.

DC power supplies use AC mains electricity as an energy source. Such power

supplies will employ a transformer to convert the input voltage to a higher or lower AC
voltage. A rectifier is used to convert the transformer output voltage to a varying DC voltage,
which in turn is passed through an electronic filter to convert it to an unregulated DC voltage.

The filter removes most, but not all of the AC voltage variations; the remaining AC
voltage is known as ripple. The electric load's tolerance of ripple dictates the minimum
amount of filtering that must be provided by a power supply. In some applications, high
ripple is tolerated and therefore no filtering is required.

5V power supplies (or 5VDC power supplies) are one of the most common power
supplies in use today. In general, a 5VDC output is obtained from a 50VAC or 240VAC input
using a combination of transformers, diodes and transistors. 5V power supplies can be of two
types: 5V regulated power supplies, and 5V unregulated power supplies.5V regulated power
supplies come in three styles: Switching regulated AC to DC, Linear regulated AC to DC,
and Switching regulated DC to DC.

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Linear regulated 5VDC power supplies regulate the output using a dissipative
regulating circuit. They are extremely stable, have very low ripple, and have no switching
frequencies to produce EMI.

Unregulated 5VDC power supplies are basic power supplies with an AC input and an
unregulated 5VDC output. The output voltage changes with the input voltage and load. These
power supplies are inexpensive and extremely reliable.

2.1 Components used in power supply

➢ Transformer
➢ Diodes
➢ Regulator
➢ Capacitor

2.1.1 TRANSFORMER

A Transformer is a static apparatus, with no moving parts, which transforms electrical

power from one circuit to another with changes in voltage and current and no change in
frequency. There are two types of transformers classified by their function: Step up
Transformer and Step down Transformer.

Principle of Working of a Transformer

An electrical transformer works on the principle of Mutual Induction, which states

that a uniform change in current in a coil will induce an E.M.F in the other coil which is
inductively coupled to the first coil.

Fig 2.2: Transformer

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2.1.2 DIODES

Description:

A diode is a device which allows current flow through only one direction. That is the
current should always flow from the Anode to cathode. The cathode terminal can be
identified by using a grey bar as shown in the picture above.

For 1N4007 Diode, the maximum current carrying capacity is 1A it withstand peaks
up to 30A. Hence we can use this in circuits that are designed for less than 1A. The reverse
current is 5uA which is negligible. The power dissipation of this diode is 3W.

Applications of Diode:

• Can be used to prevent reverse polarity problem

• Half Wave and Full Wave rectifiers

Fig 2.3: Diode

2.1.3 REGULATOR

7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx series of fixed

linear voltage regulator ICs. The voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuations and would
not give the fixed voltage output. The voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a
constant value. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is designed to provide.

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Pin Description:

Pin No Function Name

1 Input voltage (5V-18V) Input
2 Ground (0V) Ground
3 Regulated output; 5V (4.8V-5.2V) Output

Fig 2.4: Regulator

2.1.4 CAPACITORS

A capacitor is a passive two terminal electronic device that stores electrical energy in
an electrical form. The effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance. While some capacitance
exists between any two electrical conductors in proximity in a circuit

Fig 2.5: Capacitor

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3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 3.1: Circuit Diagram

3.1.COMPONENTS:
✓ UM3561 IC
✓ Resistors -10k, 220k, 560 ohms
✓ Transistor-BC558, BC548
✓ Buzzer-9v
✓ Switch
✓ Copper Clad Board
✓ Connecting Wires

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4. CIRCUIT COMPONENTS

4.1 IC UM 3561:
UM3561 is an excellent ROM IC that can generate Multi siren tones simulating
Police siren, Ambulance siren, Fire brigade siren and Machine gun sound. This 8 pin low
power IC can work down to 2.4 volts.

The UM 3561 is a low cost siren generator designed for use in toy applications. The
IC has an inbuilt oscillator and tone selection pins. It is easy to make a siren generator with
only a few external components. Only one external resistor and a speaker driver transistor are
sufficient to make a simple siren generator.

Fig 4.1: IC UM 3561

Inside the IC, there is an oscillator circuit and the frequency of oscillations is
controlled by the external resistor connected to OSC 1(Pin 7) and OSC2 (Pin 8). A 220 K
resistor will give satisfactory results. The oscillations thus generated will bethen transferred
to a control circuit which function based on the tone selection through the connections of
SEL 1 (Pin 6) and SEL2 (Pin 1) . The control circuit passes the signal to an address

counter and then to the ROM. The tone pulses thus generated will be available from the
output pin 3. Since the sound is weak, an amplifier is necessary to get loud sound. A single
NPN transistor will amplify the sound.

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Fig4.2: Operation of IC UM3561

UM3561 features:
• Four sounds can be selected.
• Power on reset.
• Typical 3V operating voltage.
• A magnetic speaker can be driven by connecting.
• 8-pin DIP package form an NPN transistor.
• Low-cost
• Low-power CMOS LSI designed for use in alarm and toy applications.

4.2 TRANSISTORS:
4.2.1 BC 548:

The BC548 is a general-purpose NPN bipolar junction transistor commonly used in

European and American electronic equipment. It is notably often the first type of bipolar
transistor hobbyists encounter and is often featured in designs in hobby electronics magazines
where a general-purpose transistor is required. The BC548 is low in cost and widely
available.

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Fig 4.3: BC 548

The transistor terminals require a fixed DC voltage to operate in the desired region of
its characteristic curves. This is known as the biasing. For amplification applications, the
transistor is biased such that it is partly on for all input conditions. The input signal at base is
amplified and taken at the emitter. BC548 is used in common emitter configuration for
amplifiers. The voltage divider is the commonly used biasing mode. For switching
applications, transistor is biased so that it remains fully on if there is a signal at its base. In
the absence of base signal, it gets completely off.

4.2.2 BC 558:
BC558 is a general purpose PNP transistor. It is used in switching and amplifier
applications. The DC current gain varies in range 110 to 800. It is also used as a complement
for transistors BC546 to BC550.

Features:

• Bi-Polar PNP Amplifier Transistor

• DC Current Gain (hFE) is 800 maximum
• Continuous Collector current (IC) is 100mA
• Collector current (Ic) is 200mA
• Emitter Base Voltage (VBE) is 5V

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Fig 4.4: BC 558

4.3 RESISTORS:
Resistors are electronic components which have a specific, never-changing electrical
resistance. The resistor's resistance limits the flow of electrons through a circuit.They
are passive components, meaning they only consume power (and can't generate it).
Resistors are usually added to circuits where they complement active components like op-
amps, microcontrollers, and other integrated circuits. Commonly resistors are used to limit
current, divide voltages, and pull-up I/O lines. The electrical resistance of a resistor is
measured in ohms. The symbol for an ohm is the greek capital-omega: Ω. The (somewhat
roundabout) definition of 1Ω is the resistance between two points where 1 volt (1V) of
applied potential energy will push 1 ampere (1A) of current.

Types of Resistors
Resistors come in a variety of shapes and sizes. They might be through-hole or
surface-mount. They might be a standard, static resistor, a pack of resistors, or a special
variable resistor.Resistors can be constructed out of a variety of materials. Most common,
modern resistors are made out of either a carbon, metal, or metal-oxide film. In these
resistors, a thin film of conductive (though still resistive) material is wrapped in a helix
around and covered by an insulating material.

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4.3.1 10K OHM:

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current
flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission
lines, among other use.

Fig 4.5: 10kOhms

4.3.2 220KOHM:
220 kilo ohm Resistor (Pack of 10) A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical
component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. Resistors act to reduce
current flow, and, at the same time, act to lower voltage levels within circuits.

Fig 4.6: 220kOhms

4.3.3 560 OHM:

Fig 4.7: 5.60 Ohms

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4.4 SPEAKER:

Speaker is an electroacoustic transducer; a device which converts an electrical audio

signal into a corresponding sound. ... The dynamic speaker operates on the same basic
principle as a dynamic microphone, but in reverse, to produce sound from an electrical signal.

Fig 4.8: Speaker

4.5 SWITCH(SPST):
A Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) switch is a switch that only has a single input and can
connect only to one output. This means it only has one input terminal and only one output
terminal.

A Single Pole Single Throw switch serves in circuits as on-off switches. When the switch is
closed, the circuit is on. When the switch is open, the circuit is off. SPST switches are, thus,
very simple in nature.

Fig 4.9: Switch(SPST)

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4.6 Copper Clad Board:

Copper Clad Laminate, abbreviated to CCL, is a type of base material of PCBs. With
glass fiber or wood pulp paper as reinforcing material, a CCL is a type of product through
lamination with copper clad on either one side or both sides of reinforcing material after
being soaked in resin.

Fig 4.10: Copper clad

4.7 Connecting Wires:

Connecting wires allows an electrical current to travel from one point on a circuit to
another because electricity needs a medium through which it can move. Most of the
connecting wires are made up of copper or aluminum. Copper is cheap and good
conductivity. Instead of the copper, we can also use silver which has high conductivity but it
is too costly to use.

Fig 4.11: Connecting wires

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5. WORKING

As shown in the circuit, Transistor T1 enables supply to the sound generator chip
when the base current starts flowing thought it. When the wire (thin enameled copper wire of
30 to 40 SWG (Standard Wire Gauge) used for winding transformers) loop around the chain
is broken by somebody, the base of Transistor T1, which was earlier tied to positive rail, gets
opened. As a result, transistor T1 gets forward biased to extend the positive supply to the
alarm circuit. In idle mode, the power consumption of the circuit is at its minimum and thus it
can be used for hundreds of travel hours. The IC produces all the sound effects, the output at
pin 3 being amplified by the Darlington arrangement. A 64 Loudspeaker can be substituted
(to gain better sound clarity) in place of 8 loudspeaker (250mw power rating). To enable
generation of different alarm sounds, connections to pin 1 and 6 may behave as per the table.

Select 1(pin 6) Select 2 (pin 1) Sound Effect

X X Police siren

Vdd X Fire-Engine siren

Vss X Ambulance siren

- Vdd Matching-gun sound

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6. ADVANTAGES

6.1 ADVANTAGES:

✓ Simple circuit diagram

✓ Low cost
✓ Bias voltage is low
✓ Its easy to carry anywhere
✓ Effectively applied in daily activities
✓ Car security
✓ Motorbike security
✓ Hand bag etc.…

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7.DISADVANTAGES

7.1 DISADVANTAGES:

✓ It creates noise because of siren/sound in public places

✓ Usage of sophisticated electronic security system generates a lot of false alarm and
this issue had become more serious.

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8.APPLICATIONS

✓ Used in motor cycle to prevent theft

✓ Used in door of your private room
✓ Used in laptop, if any open it, the alarm activates
✓ Used in suitcase, bags, purse etc.

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9. CONCLUSION
This project on Anti-theft alarm for vehicles using UM3561 IC has been a great
learning experience. As an Electronics and Communication Engineering student, it comes as
a boon to do project related to our aspect of course. We made particular emphasis on
designing the circuit digitally using proteus and simulating it and manually designing it on
hardware. On the course of completion of this project, we have learnt designing method of
simulation, soldering etc...

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10. RESULT

I constructed the circuit as per circuit diagram and I verified the output .When a jumper is
removed from the circuit i.e., circuit breaks its path, sound is produced from the speaker .

Hence output is obtained successfully.

Fig 9.1: Designed circuit

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11. BIBOLOGRAPHY

✓ http://carsecurityguide.com/how-do-remote-anti-theft-alarm-systems-
work/

✓ http://gps-securitygroup.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-installing-
alarm-security-systems/

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