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9/19/2017 How To Size A Gas Control Valve | Blackmonk Engineering
Sizing a control valve means selecting a valve with the correct size orifice to allow good control of flow rate within a required range.
There are other important factors to consider when selecting a control valve, such as valve type and valve characteristic but this article will
concentrate on valve sizing.
The procedure explained in this article applies to gas and vapour control valves including steam control valves. The method for sizing gas control
valves is based on the method for sizing liquid control valves. More information on sizing a liquid control valve can be found here: “How To Size A
Liquid Control Valve”.
Sizing a control valve for a particular duty is governed by the required flow rate the valve must pass and the pressure drop that can be allowed across
the valve.
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9/19/2017 How To Size A Gas Control Valve | Blackmonk Engineering
Sizing a control valve accurately is an iterative process requiring manufacturer’s information and knowledge of the piping system in which the valve
is to be installed.
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9/19/2017 How To Size A Gas Control Valve | Blackmonk Engineering
The procedure is a little bit more complicated than sizing a liquid control valve but is certainly not difficult. For preliminary estimates of control
valve size it is usually OK to assume that the piping geometry factor is 1.
The Cv is defined as the flow rate of water in US gallons per minute that can pass through a valve with a pressure drop of 1 psi at a temperature of
60F.
The equation for calculating the Cv for a gas control valve using metric units is:
If the pressure downstream of the valve is lower than a critical value, the flow through the valve will be choked. Choked flow is also known as
critical flow.
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9/19/2017 How To Size A Gas Control Valve | Blackmonk Engineering
Where:
The pressure drop ratio factor is the pressure drop ratio required to produce critical flow through the valve when Fk is equal to 1.
The valve pressure drop ratio is measured experimentally and is tabulated in valve manufacturers catalogues.
If the valve has fittings connected directly upstream and/or downstream, the pressure drop ratio factor must be modified to account for expansion and
contraction of the fluid through the fittings.
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9/19/2017 How To Size A Gas Control Valve | Blackmonk Engineering
Where:
For valves installed with a reducer installed upstream, the inlet fittings head loss coefficient becomes:
Expansion Factor, Y
The expansion factor accounts for the expansion of gas flowing through the valve as the pressure reduces from inlet to outlet. The expansion factor is
the ratio of flow coefficients for a gas to that for a liquid at the same Reynolds number.
The expansion factor must be less than or equal to a value of 0.667. The following equation defines the expansion factor:
The piping geometry factor is an allowance for the pressure drop associated with fittings that may be connected directly upstream and/or downstream
of the valve.
The piping geometry factor is often listed in valve manufacturers catalogues. Alternatively, it can be calculated using:
Most commonly, the fittings connected to a control valve are upstream and downstream reducers. In this case the sum of the fittings factors for the
reducers is:
Note:
Determining the control valve Cv becomes an iterative process when the piping geometry factor doesn’t equal 1.
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9/19/2017 How To Size A Gas Control Valve | Blackmonk Engineering
We need to size a valve in steam duty. The required information is given below:
Calculation
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9/19/2017 How To Size A Gas Control Valve | Blackmonk Engineering
4. We will assume that 6” x 4” reducers will be used to install the selected 4” valve in the 6” pipe. In this case the piping geometry factor is:
ΣK = 1.5 (1 – (42 / 62))2 = 0.463FP = [1 + (0.463 / 890)(236 / 42)2]-0.5 = 0.95
The pressure drop ratio factor, XT = 0.688
The inlet fittings head loss coefficient is:
Ki = 0.5 (1 – (42 / 62))2 + 1 – (4 / 6)4 = 0.957
So the modified pressure drop ratio factor is:
XTP = 0.688 / 0.952[1 + 0.688 x 0.957 / 1000 (236 / 42)2]-1 = 0.667
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9/19/2017 How To Size A Gas Control Valve | Blackmonk Engineering
Result
The selected valve is an Emerson 4” ED globe valve with linear trim and a maximum Cv of 236.
The output from the Blackmonk Engineering Liquid Control Valve Calculator is attached below for comparison. As you can see the calculated Cv is
virtually identical to the hand calculation (175.4 compared to 175.6).
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9/19/2017 How To Size A Gas Control Valve | Blackmonk Engineering
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9/19/2017 How To Size A Gas Control Valve | Blackmonk Engineering
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Process Calculators
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