COMMUNICATION and ART i n T h e I n f o r m a t i o n A g e

1888 1964 1983 1995

1843 1927 First operating system
IBM Personal
Computer (1983)

1946
IBM OS/360 (1964)

Early fax 1876 1901 Television (1927)

1957 1974
1981
machine (1843)

1827 Edison invents the

First radio
transmission (1901)
TCP/IP protocols 1991
1963
invented (1974)

1913
light bulb (1888)
Invention of all-IP ACD
by CosmoCom (1995)

1924 1935
The "www"

1899
T1 digital carrier techniques protocol released
First ENIAC introduced (1963) (1991)
Bell invents the ARPANET- the start
telephone (1876) Pictures are transmitted computer (1946) of the Internet (1957)
Minitel - first online
1984 1997
over telephone lines (1924)
service (1981)
The camera (1827)
Invention of "crossbar switch" (1913) 1961 1969 Domain system

1948 First paper on 1977 developed (1984)

1836 Marconi's wireless sends

first radio signal across 1920 1946
packet switching
First installation
1866
(PS) theory (1961)
the English Channel (1899) of CosmoCall
The first broadcasting First telephone call
1951
TM

Intel develops the Universe

1906
Introduction of mobile

1990
stations are opened (1920) around the world (1935) (1997)
Transatlantic Cable telephone service (MTS) microprocessor (1969)

Morse invents
completed (1866)
1887 by AT&T (1946)
UNIVAC 1 (1951)
Apple Computer
First ISP

1914
(1990)

1889 1939
CosmoCom Gallery

telegraph (1836)
1988
Edison invents the releases the Apple II
phonograph (1887)
First fully automatic De Forest invents First transcontinental
Prototype of first
First transistor invented
by Bell Labs (1948) 1958 personal computer
(1977)
Graphic User
"step-by-step" switch the electron tube (1906) telephone call (1914) Texas Instruments
digital computer (1939) Interface (1988)
(1889) develops the first
integrated circuit
(1958)

1800 1840 1860 1880 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Romanticism 1800-1880 Impressionism Post Impressionism 1880-1920s Surrealism 1924-1938 1950-1960s Minimalism Postmodernism 1970s to Present
Realism 1830s-1870 1870s-1890s Expressionism 1906-1919 1913-1931 Pure Abstraction Abstract Expressionism 1940s-1950s 1960s-1970s Pop Art
Pre-Raphaelites American Realism 1860-1890 Fauvism 1898-1908 Cubism 1905-1939
1848-1854

A European movement of the

late eighteenth to mid nineteenth
century. In reaction to neoclassicism,
it focused on emotion over reason,
and on spontaneous expression. The
subject matter was invested with
drama and usually painted
energetically in brilliant colors.
Delacroix, Gericault, Turner, Blake
and Francisco Goya were Romantic
artists.
I n a general sense, refers to
objective representation. More
specifically, a nineteenth century
movement, especially in France, that
rejected idealized academic styles in
favor of everyday subjects. Daumier,
Millet, and Courbet were Realists.
A
formed
group of English painters
in 1848. These artists
attempted to recapture the style of
painting preceding Raphael. They
rejected industrialized England and
focused on painting from nature,
producing detailed, colorful works.
Rossetti was a founding member.
A late-nineteenth-century French school of painting.
It focused on transitory visual impressions, often
A term coined by British art critic Roger Fry to refer to a group of nineteenth-century
painters, including Cezanne, Van Gogh, and Toulouse-Lautrec, who were dissatisfied with the
A merican Realism was the faithful representation
of reality, especially the representation of middle-class
F auvism is derived from the
French word fauve, meaning "wild
R efers to art that uses emphasis and distortion to communicate emotion. More specifically,
it refers to early twentieth century northern European art, especially in Germany. Artists such
A revolutionary movement begun by Picasso and Braque in the early
twentieth century. It employs an analytic vision based on fragmentation and
P ure Abstraction
was abstraction to its
A movement of the 1920s and 1930s that began in
France. It explored the unconscious, often using
W as a movement in painting
originating in New York City in the
M inimalism was a movement in American
painting and sculpture that originated in the late 1950s.
A movement that began in Britain and the United States in the 1950s. It
used the images and techniques of mass media, advertising, and popular
T he Postmodernism movement rests on a basic assumption: Truth,
whatever truth is, is human-centered and internal. The emphasis on "self" is
painted directly from nature, with an emphasis on the limitations of Expressionism. It has since been used to refer to various reactions against life. beast." A style adopted by artists as Kandinsky, Munch and Klee painted in this manner. multiple viewpoints. furthest limits. images from dreams. It used spontaneous techniques 1940s. It emphasized spontaneous It was characterized by extreme simplicity of form and a culture, often in an ironic way. Works of Warhol, Lichtenstein, and Oldenburg most evident in Postmodernism.
changing effects of light and color. Monet, Renoir, and Impressionism, such as Fauvism and Expressionism. associated with Matisse. They Through radical and featured unexpected juxtapositions of objects. personal expression, freedom from literal, objective approach. exemplify this style.
Pissarro were important Impressionists. painted in a spontaneous manner, simplification of Magritte, Dali, Miro, and Ernst painted surrealist works. accepted artistic values, surface
using bold colors. composition and color, qualities of paint, and the act of
Pure Abstraction painting itself. Pollock, de Kooning,
exposes the basic Motherwell, and Rothko are important
principles that underlie abstract expressionists.
all appearances.

Pablo Picasso
Wassily Kandinsky Guernica
Farbstudie Quadrate
Georges Seurat
Bathers at Asnieres
John Millais Camille Pissarro Salvador Dali
Ophelia The Artist's Garden at Eragny James Whistler My Naked Wife
Watching Her Body Andy Warhol
Jean-Francois Millet Vincent Van Gogh Portrait of the Artist's Mother Marilyn Monroe,
The Angelus Gustav Klimt
The Starry Night The Kiss Piet Mondrian Twenty Times, 1962
Evening, Red Tree Jackson Pollock
Henri Matisse Composition Keith Haring
The Dance Li'l Angel
Eugene Delacroix Frank Stella
Frightened Horse York Factory

Marc Chagall Roy Lichtenstein

Paris Through the Window Thinking of Him, 1963

Paul Klee Georges Braque

Golden Fish Olivier
Claude Monet Paul Cezanne Winslow Homer
View of the Bay at Antibes The Blue Boat Max Ernst
Nature Morte au Panier Fruhling

Dante Rossetti Ben Shahn

Toulouse-Lautrec January 18 to February 12
Jean-Francois Millet La Ghirlandata Moulin Rouge Wassily Kandinsky
The Gleaners Raoul Dufy Schweres Rot Mark Rothko Morris Louis
L'Atelier au Bouquet Red, White & Brown Itzchak Tarkay
Piet Mondrian Beta Kappa
Amaryllis Jasper Johns Maria and Susie
Three Flags, 1958
Francisco Goya
Don Manuel Osorio

Pablo Picasso
John Singer Sargent Hands With Bouquet
Joan Miro
Claude Monet The Brook
Waterlilies Portrait No. 11
Franz Marc Juan Gris
Two Horses Maisons a Ceret
Pierre Bonnard
Nude in the Bath and Small Dog
Henri Matisse
Goldfish Mark Rothko Robert Rauschenberg Wolf Kahn
John Millais Vincent Van Gogh Edvard Munch Untitled 1950 Magenta Sky
Honore Daumier Crown of Love The Scream Allegory 1959-60
Crispin & Scapin Bedroom at Arles

Piet Mondrian Richard Diebenkorn

Eugene Delacroix Aronskelen Girl with Plant
Marc Chagall
Liberty Leading the People Birthday Salvador Dali
Pierre Auguste Renoir Millet's Architectonics' Angelus
Luncheon of the Boating Party

Delacroix, Eugène (1798-1863)
Delacroix was a French painter
whose work exemplified 19th-
century romanticism, and whose
influence extended to the
Impressionists. Delacroix's most
overtly romantic, and perhaps most
him to a concern with peasant life that was to be
influential, work is Liberty Leading the People
characteristic of the rest of his artistic career.
(1830, Louvre), a semiallegorical glorification of
the idea of liberty.
Millet, Jean-François (1814-1875)
Part of the Realist movement,
Millet produced predominantly
mythological subjects
portraiture. His memories of rural
life and his intermittent contacts
with Normandy, however, impelled
Millais, John Everett (1829-1896)
A child prodigy in art, John Everett
Millais entered the Royal Academy
or
Schools at age 11, and exhibited at
the RA from age 17. There, he
became friends first with Holman
Hunt, and afterwards Rossetti, and these three
founded the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in 1848.
Millais quickly moved from a mannerist to a
realistic style in keeping with the Pre-Raphaelite
ideal. Millais was also a notable illustrator during
the 1860s, and worked much more consistently in
this medium than most of the other Pre-Raphaelites.
Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) During his life, Van Gogh lived in various locations, including Brussels, The Winslow Homer (1836-1910) Almost entirely self-taught, Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) This Spanish painter, graphic artist, sculptor, ceramicist, and P i e t Salvador Dali (1904-1989) Born in Figueras, Spain, Dali Mark Rothko (1903-1970) Rothko's Frank Stella (1936-present) Stella's early paintings in the Andy Warhol (1928-1987) Artist, designer, film maker, music producer, commercial Keith Haring (1958-1989) Haring's art was rooted in an ingeniously eloquent
Monet, Claude (1840-1926) Monet is regarded as the Henri Matisse (1869-1954) A Paul Klee, (1879-1940) A Swiss-born painter and graphic artist, Klee's personal, often gently humorous thinker is considered the most influential contributor to twentieth-century art. Picasso's Mondrian
Hague, Antwerp and Drenthe and in his travels, taught himself to draw and paint. He moved to Paris at age Homer was an artist and an illustrator. His early transformed the definition of Surrealism, expressing the totally abstract paintings were the 50's and 60's were dominated by geometry, using tight, illustrator, author and magazine publisher, Andy Warhol was a founder and major iconography with an immediately recognizable vocabulary of images – radiant child,
archetypal Impressionist. In 1862, he met Renoir, Sisley, master painter, printmaker, collage works are replete with allusions to dreams, music, and poetry. His small-scale, delicate paintings, early works are categorized according to their color scheme, thus the "blue period" and (1872-1944)
33, and it was there that he came into contact with the work of the Impressionists. Flowers, portraits, self illustrations are characterized by clean outlines, unconscious process of thought, dream and associated result of many years of looking at linear, flat colors on rectangular canvases. In time, he began exponent of the Pop Art movement as well as one of the most prolific, talented and barking dog, flying saucer – and such universally resonant symbols as the halo, the
and Bazille, with whom he was to form the nucleus of artist and sculptor, Matisse's use of watercolors, and drawings combine satirical, grotesque, and surreal elements. Klee's peculiar, evocative the "rose period." The former works are somber and document a life of poverty, while Mondrian is
portraits and images of Paris appeared in his work. He went to Arles at the age of 35 and, upon arriving, simplified forms, dramatic contrasts of light and dark, realities through his paintings and drawings. An eccentric other artwork, including Greek to incorporate irregularities in his paintings. The Exotic Bird influential artists of the 20th century. He used many different media from serigraphy to cross, the pyramid, and the heart. A man of tremendous vitality, Haring never ceased to
the Impressionist group. Monet's devotion to painting color and form continues to painting titles are characteristic and give his works an added dimension of meaning. Klee taught at the the latter are lighter in tone and style and often depict scenes from circus life. "Les best known
painted landscapes and portraits full of vivid colors and passionate feelings. In the years following 1888, he and lively groupings of figures. His subject matter in the and masterful Surrealist in painting and in life, Dali cultivated vases with horizontal bands of Series of the mid-seventies marks the definitive change in cable TV, and pioneered the development of photo-mechanical silkscreen, where an place his creative energy at the service of social causes. At the time of his death from
out of doors is illustrated by the famous early work, influence the work of artists today Bauhaus school after World War I, where his friend Kandinsky was also a faculty member. His late works, Demoiselles d'Avignon" (1907) is considered the first work of Cubism, a style Picasso for his stark
spent time in an insane asylum and eventually – at the age of 37 – took his own life. It was during the 1870s was primarily rural scenes – farm life, children at eccentricity and a predisposition towards narcissistic figures, the spiritual qualities of his career. He incorporated improvisation in his new metal enlarged photographic image is transferred to a canvas and inked from behind, thus AIDS related diseases, Haring's art had earned the admiration of a huge international
Women in the Garden. From 1871 to 1878 Monet lived – over one hundred years after his characterized by heavy black lines, are often reflections on death and war. developed from his interest in Cezanne and African tribal art. The painting is a departure modern compositions
months approaching his death that Van Gogh created some of the most vibrant, expressive paintings known play, and seaside resort scenes peopled with fashionably exhibitionism, claiming that his creative energies were Native American art and the reliefs and began to explore ambiguities in spatial issues by creating mass media images. Warhol was perhaps best known for his paintings of public. He achieved both artistic and social significance not only through subject matter
at Argenteuil and here were painted some of the most birth. Matisse was influenced from conventional, figurative art and is mathematically analytic in the treatment of its subjects. featuring black lines and
to man. dressed women. Later, he concentrated on large-scale marine scenes, derived from it. His spectrum of imagery, from fantastic to nightmarish European Surrealists. The colored bands he overlapping colors and shapes. The colors began to operate commercial subjects such as the Campbell soup can series, and for his portraits of but for the same reason that his other art is significant: it crosses the boundaries
joyous and famous works of the Impressionist movement, not only by greatly by primitive masks and he was the leader blocks of primary colors.
primarily of life at sea and the fishermen and their families. visions, are the supreme evidence of Dali's artistic idiosyncrasies. preferred took on a wide range of hues to which more independently of one another, as opposed to the forced illusions in celebrities, especially Marilyn Monroe. In fact, it was Warhol who said "In the future, everyone will be between fine art, popular art, and folk art, occupying a territory between all three with greater
Monet, but by his visitors Manet, Renoir and Sisley. In 1883, he settled of the Fauve ("wild beast") movement. Fauvism His movement away from
Rothko added lightness or darkness, translucency the concentric square paintings. famous for fifteen minutes", and, perhaps more than anyone, he himself was famous for being famous. authority and conviction than any other artist who has attempted such a crossover.
at Giverny, where he concentrated on a series of pictures in which he was a movement in French painting that changed realistic ideals towards or opacity, high or low saturation, smooth or
painted the same subject at different times of the day in different lights the way artists used color in their artwork. Pure Abstraction placed brushy textures, and contrasts of color area.
– Haystacks or Grainstacks are the best known. him among the most highly
minfluential artists of all time.

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