DEL ROSARIO, Evelina I.

Statistical Analysis
BSA 2-9 Prof. Renato E. Apa-ap
1. A researcher tried to test if there is a significant difference in the knowledge of
students before and after the subject was taken using a pre-test and post-test with
an alpha of 0.05. The following data was obtained:
Student no. Pre-test Post-test
1 40 80
2 35 75
3 30 76
4 50 79
5 55 81
6 42 74
7 49 75
8 59 78
9 62 75
10 47 80
11 31 73
12 43 74
13 51 78
14 62 90
15 58 82
H0: B=A : There is no significant difference between the results of the pre-test and post-
test.
H1: B≠A : There is a significant difference between the results of the pre-test and post-
test.

α = 0.05

Degrees of Freedom = n-1 = 15-1 = 14

Tabular Value = 2.15

If computed t ≥ 2.15, reject H0

If computed t < 2.15, accept H0

Pre-test (B) Post-test D (A-B) D2

(A)
40 80 40 1600
35 75 40 1600
30 76 46 2116
50 79 29 841
55 81 26 676
42 74 32 1024
49 75 26 676
59 78 19 361
62 75 13 169
47 80 33 1089
31 73 42 1764
 43 74 31 961
51 78 27 729
62 90 28 784
58 82 24 576
∑D =456 ∑D2=14966

∑D
𝑡=
√n∑𝐷 2− (∑D)2
𝑛−1
456
𝑡=
2
√(15)(14966) − (456)
15 − 1
456
𝑡=
√224490 − 207936
15 − 1
456
𝑡=
√16554
14
𝑡 = 13.26
Reject null hypothesis.

The students learned more so they got higher scores in the post-test.

2. John is an investor. His portfolio primarily tracks the performance of the S&P 500
and John wants to add the stock of Apple Inc. Before adding Apple to his
portfolio, he wants to assess the correlation between the stock and the S&P 500 to
ensure that adding the stock won’t increase the systematic risk of his portfolio. To
find the coefficient, John gathers the following prices for the last five years.
S&P 500 Apple
2013 1691.75 68.96
2014 1977.80 100.11
2015 1884.09 109.06
2016 2151.13 112.18
2017 2519.36 154.12
Test at 0.05 level of significance.

H0: x=y : There is no significant correlation between the stocks of Apple and the
S&P500.
H1: x≠y : There is a significant correlation between the stocks of Apple and S&P500.

α= 0.05

Degrees of Freedom = n-2 = 5-2 = 3

Tabular Value=3.18
If computed t ≥ 3.18, reject H0
If computed t < 3.18, accept H0

x y xy X2 Y2
2013 1691.75 68.96 116663.1 2862018.063 4755.4816
2014 1977.8 100.11 197997.6 3911692.84 10022.0121
2015 1884.09 109.06 205478.9 3549795.128 11894.0836
2016 2151.13 112.18 241313.8 4627360.277 12584.3524
2017 2519.36 154.12 388283.8 6347174.81 23752.9744
total 10224.13 544.43 1149737 21298041.12 63008.9041

n(∑xy) − ( ∑x)(∑y)
𝑟=
√[n∑𝑥 2 − (∑x)2 ][n∑𝑦 2 − (∑y)2 ]
5(1149737) − ( 10224.13)(544.43)
𝑟=
√[5(21298041.12) − (10224.13)2 ][5(63008.9041) − (544.43)2 ]
5748685 − 5566323.10
𝑟 =
√[106490205.6 − 104532834.3][315044.52 − 296404.02]
182361.9
𝑟 =
√1957371.3(18640.5)
182361.9
𝑟 =
191014.08
𝑟 = 0.95

𝑛−2
𝑡 = 𝑟√
1 − 𝑟2

5−2
𝑡 = 0.95√
1 − 0.952

3
𝑡 = 0.95√
. 0975
𝑡 = 5.27
Reject Null Hypothesis.

The stocks of Apple have a direct correlation with the stocks of S&P500. When the
stocks of S&P500 increases, the stocks of Apple also increases.
Salvador, A Jay P. Statistical Analysis
BSA 2-9 Prof. Renato E. Apa-ap
1. A researcher tried to test if there is a significant difference in the knowledge of students
before and after the subject was taken using a pre-test and post-test with an alpha of 0.05.
The following data was obtained:
Student no. Pre-test Post-test
1 40 80
2 35 75
3 30 76
4 50 79
5 55 81
6 42 74
7 49 75
8 59 78
9 62 75
10 47 80
11 31 73
12 43 74
13 51 78
14 62 90
15 58 82
H0: B=A : There is no significant difference between the results of the pre-test and post-test.
H1: B≠A : There is a significant difference between the results of the pre-test and post-test.

α = 0.05

Degrees of Freedom = n-1 = 15-1 = 14

Tabular Value = 2.15

If computed t ≥ 2.15, reject H0

If computed t < 2.15, accept H0

Pre-test (B) Post-test (A) D (A-B) D2

40 80 40 1600
35 75 40 1600
30 76 46 2116
50 79 29 841
55 81 26 676
42 74 32 1024
49 75 26 676
59 78 19 361
62 75 13 169
47 80 33 1089
31 73 42 1764
43 74 31 961
51 78 27 729
62 90 28 784
 58 82 24 576
∑D =456 ∑D2=14966

∑D
𝑡=
2 2
√n∑𝐷 − (∑D)
𝑛−1
456
𝑡=
2
√(15)(14966) − (456)
15 − 1
456
𝑡=
√224490 − 207936
15 − 1
456
𝑡=
√16554
14
𝑡 = 13.26
Reject null hypothesis.

The students learned more so they got higher scores in the post-test.

2. John is an investor. His portfolio primarily tracks the performance of the S&P 500 and
John wants to add the stock of Apple Inc. Before adding Apple to his portfolio, he wants to
assess the correlation between the stock and the S&P 500 to ensure that adding the stock
won’t increase the systematic risk of his portfolio. To find the coefficient, John gathers the
following prices for the last five years.
S&P 500 Apple
2013 1691.75 68.96
2014 1977.80 100.11
2015 1884.09 109.06
2016 2151.13 112.18
2017 2519.36 154.12
Test at 0.05 level of significance.

H0: x=y : There is no significant correlation between the stocks of Apple and the S&P500.
H1: x≠y : There is a significant correlation between the stocks of Apple and S&P500.

α= 0.05

Degrees of Freedom = n-2 = 5-2 = 3

Tabular Value=3.18

If computed t ≥ 3.18, reject H0

If computed t < 3.18, accept H0
 x y xy X2 Y2
2013 1691.75 68.96 116663.1 2862018.063 4755.4816
2014 1977.8 100.11 197997.6 3911692.84 10022.0121
2015 1884.09 109.06 205478.9 3549795.128 11894.0836
2016 2151.13 112.18 241313.8 4627360.277 12584.3524
2017 2519.36 154.12 388283.8 6347174.81 23752.9744
total 10224.13 544.43 1149737 21298041.12 63008.9041

n(∑xy) − ( ∑x)(∑y)
𝑟=
√[n∑𝑥 2 − (∑x)2 ][n∑𝑦 2 − (∑y)2 ]
5(1149737) − ( 10224.13)(544.43)
𝑟=
√[5(21298041.12) − (10224.13)2 ][5(63008.9041) − (544.43)2 ]
5748685 − 5566323.10
𝑟 =
√[106490205.6 − 104532834.3][315044.52 − 296404.02]
182361.9
𝑟 =
√1957371.3(18640.5)
182361.9
𝑟 =
191014.08
𝑟 = 0.95

𝑛−2
𝑡 = 𝑟√
1 − 𝑟2

5−2
𝑡 = 0.95√
1 − 0.952

3
𝑡 = 0.95√
. 0975
𝑡 = 5.27
Reject Null Hypothesis.

The stocks of Apple have a direct correlation with the stocks of S&P500. When the stocks of
S&P500 increases, the stocks of Apple also increases.
Oquendo, Mark Angelo Statistical Analysis
BSA 2-9 Prof. Renato E. Apa-ap
1. A researcher tried to test if there is a significant difference in the knowledge of students before and
after the subject was taken using a pre-test and post-test with an alpha of 0.05. The following data
was obtained:
Student no. Pre-test Post-test
1 40 80
2 35 75
3 30 76
4 50 79
5 55 81
6 42 74
7 49 75
8 59 78
9 62 75
10 47 80
11 31 73
12 43 74
13 51 78
14 62 90
15 58 82
H0: B=A : There is no significant difference between the results of the pre-test and post-test.
H1: B≠A : There is a significant difference between the results of the pre-test and post-test.
α = 0.05
Degrees of Freedom = n-1 = 15-1 = 14
Tabular Value = 2.15

If computed t ≥ 2.15, reject H0

If computed t < 2.15, accept H0

Pre-test Post-test D (A-B) D2

(B) (A)
40 80 40 1600
35 75 40 1600
30 76 46 2116
50 79 29 841
55 81 26 676
 42 74 32 1024
49 75 26 676
59 78 19 361
62 75 13 169
47 80 33 1089
31 73 42 1764
43 74 31 961
51 78 27 729
62 90 28 784
58 82 24 576
∑D =456 ∑D2=14966

∑D
𝑡=
2 2
√n∑𝐷 − (∑D)
𝑛−1
456
𝑡=
2
√(15)(14966) − (456)
15 − 1
456
𝑡=
√224490 − 207936
15 − 1
456
𝑡=
√16554
14
𝑡 = 13.26
Reject null hypothesis.
The students learned more so they got higher scores in the post-test.

2. John is an investor. His portfolio primarily tracks the performance of the S&P 500 and John wants to
add the stock of Apple Inc. Before adding Apple to his portfolio, he wants to assess the correlation
between the stock and the S&P 500 to ensure that adding the stock won’t increase the systematic risk
of his portfolio. To find the coefficient, John gathers the following prices for the last five years.
S&P 500 Apple
2013 1691.75 68.96
2014 1977.80 100.11
2015 1884.09 109.06
2016 2151.13 112.18
2017 2519.36 154.12
Test at 0.05 level of significance.
H0: x=y : There is no significant correlation between the stocks of Apple and the S&P500.
H1: x≠y : There is a significant correlation between the stocks of Apple and S&P500.
α= 0.05
Degrees of Freedom = n-2 = 5-2 = 3
Tabular Value=3.18

If computed t ≥ 3.18, reject H0

If computed t < 3.18, accept H0

x y xy X2 Y2
2013 1691.75 68.96 116663.1 2862018.063 4755.4816
2014 1977.8 100.11 197997.6 3911692.84 10022.0121
2015 1884.09 109.06 205478.9 3549795.128 11894.0836
2016 2151.13 112.18 241313.8 4627360.277 12584.3524
2017 2519.36 154.12 388283.8 6347174.81 23752.9744
total 10224.13 544.43 1149737 21298041.12 63008.9041

n(∑xy) − ( ∑x)(∑y)
𝑟=
√[n∑𝑥 2 − (∑x)2 ][n∑𝑦 2 − (∑y)2 ]
5(1149737) − ( 10224.13)(544.43)
𝑟=
√[5(21298041.12) − (10224.13)2 ][5(63008.9041) − (544.43)2 ]
5748685 − 5566323.10
𝑟 =
√[106490205.6 − 104532834.3][315044.52 − 296404.02]
182361.9
𝑟 =
√1957371.3(18640.5)
182361.9
𝑟 =
191014.08
𝑟 = 0.95

𝑛−2
𝑡 = 𝑟√
1 − 𝑟2

5−2
𝑡 = 0.95√
1 − 0.952

3
𝑡 = 0.95√
. 0975
𝑡 = 5.27
Reject Null Hypothesis.
The stocks of Apple have a direct correlation with the stocks of S&P500. When the stocks of S&P500
increases, the stocks of Apple also increases.