Q.1.

What will be the appearance of (a) F1 and (b)

F2 progenies when a pure (homozygous) tall pea plant
is crossed with a pure (homozygous) dwarf pea plant?
Tallness (T) gene is dominant over dwarfness (t) gene.
Solution:
Pure (homozygous) tall pea plant = TT
Pure (homozygous) dwarf pea plant = tt
(a) Parents:

Thus, the off-springs of F1 generation will be heterozygous tall.

(b) Here the F1 hybrids, i.e., heterozygous tall (Tt) are
self-pollinated which may result into following
possibilities:

Therefore, 3 plants will be tall and one plant will be dwarf in

F2 generation showing a ratio of 3: 1.
Results:
(a) The result of F1 would be the production of heterozygous
tall (Tt).
(b) The result of F2 would be the production of tall and dwarf
in a ratio of 3: 1. Out of 3 tall plants one would be pure
(homozygous) tall (TT) and two would be heterozygous tall
(Tt). The dwarf would be a pure homozygous dwarf (tt).
Q.2. When a plant homozygous for tall is crossed with
a plant homozygous for dwarf, what will be the
appearance of the offsprings of a cross of F1 with its
tall parent.
Solution:
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When a plant homozygous for tall (TD is crossed with a plant

homozygous for dwarf (tt) the off-springs in the F1 will be the
production of heterozygous tall (Tt).
Now such a heterozygous tall (Tt), when back-crossed
with its tall parent (TT), will show the following
results:

Result:
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In such a case all the parents will be tall.

Q.3. When a plant homozygous for tall is crossed with
a plant homozygous for dwarf, what will be the
appearance of the off-springs of a cross of F1 with its
dwart parent?
Solution:
When a plant homozygous for tall (TT) is crossed with a plant
homozygous for dwarf (tt), the off-springs in the F1 will be
heterozygous tall (Tt).
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When such heterozygous tall (Tt) is back crossed with

dwarf parent (tt) the following will be the result:

Result:
In such cases the result would be the production of tall and
dwarf in a ratio of 1: 1.
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Q.4. Work out for the genotypes of the parents of the

cross between a tall and a dwarf pea plant which
result into about one half of the tall and one half of
dwarf off-springs.
Solution:
Because the ratio is 1: 1, so it is a test cross between a pure
dwarf (tt) and a heterozygous tall (Tt).
The genotypes may also be shown as follows:
Heterozygous tall (Tt) will form the gemetes T and t.
Pure dwarf (tt) will form the gemetes t and t.

Q.5. Work out the probabilities of the off-springs in a

case when heterozygous tall hybrids of F1 generation
are self-fertilized.
Solution:
Heterozygous tall hybrids are represented as Tt. Heterozygous
tall (Tt)

Result:
A ratio of 3 (tall): 1 (dwarf) will be resulted. So tall off-springs
will be more in number.
Q.6. What will be the result in F1 generation when a
homozygous white male rabbit is crossed with a
homozygous black female rabbit?
Also work out the back cross.
Q.7. How can we produce such seeds which, when
sown, yield pink-coloured Four O’ clock plants?
Solution:
Pink coloured Pour O’ clock plants are generally the
hybrids and can be produced by crossing the
homozygous red flowered plants with homozygous
white flowered plants as under:
Q.8. What type of the gametes and flower colours of
the off-springs would be produced in the following
crosses?

Result:
A ratio of 1 (Red): 2 (Pink): 1 (White) will be produced.
Q.9. What type of gametes and the flower colours of
the off-springs would be produced in the following
cross?
Q.10. What type of garnets and flower colours of the
off-springs would be produced in the following cross:

Di-hybrid Cross Exercises:

Q.11. What will be the result of selfing the
F1 generation in a cross when round and yellow
seeded pea plants (YYRR) are crossed with green and
wrinkled (yyrr) seeded pea plant?
The result will be yellow round (9), yellow wrinkled (3), green
round (3) and green wrinkled (1). So it shows the ratio of 9: 3:
3: 1.
Q.12. When round and yellow seeded pea plants
(YYRR) are crossed with green wrinkled (y y r r)
seeded pea plants the F1 are yellow and round seeded
plants (Yy Rr).
What will be the results when this F1 is crossed with
round and yellow seeded parents?
Solution:
Following results may be obtained when F1 (YyRr) are crossed
with pure yellow and round seeded parent (YYRR).
Q.13. When round and yellow seeded pea plants
(YYRR) are crossed with green and wrinkled (yyrr)
seeded pea plants the F1 are yellow and round seeded
plants (YyRr).
What will be the results when this F1 is crossed with
green and wrinkled seeded (yyrr) parents?
Solution:
Following results will be obtained when F1 (YyRr) are
crossed with green and wrinkled seeded (yyrr)
parents:

Q.14. Find out the phenotypic appearance of the

off-springs of the following cross, in which the
genotypes of the parents are given:
yyRr X Yyrr
Solution:
It is an exercise of dihybrid ratio. It is based on the facts that
yellow colour is dominant over green character, and the
roundness is dominant over wrinkledness.
Q.15. Find out the phenotypic appearance of the
off-springs of the following cross, in which the
genotypes of the parents are given:

Result:
A phenotypic ratio of 3 (yellow round): 3 (yellow wrinkled): 1
(green round): 1 (green wrinkled) will be produced.
Q.16. Find out the phenotypic value of the offspring of
the following cross, in which the genotypes of the
parents are given: