ASSIGNMENT

Gear | Definition, Advantages, Disadvantages, Types, Applications

GEAR:
A Gear is a machine component, which is used to transmit mechanical
power from one shaft to the other by successively engaging its teeth.
Gears are one of the most used method of mechanical power transmission
in the machines. Power transmission by the gears have almost 100%
efficiency.
ADVANTAGES OF GEAR DRIVE:
1) It is positive drive hence velocity remains constant
2) Provisions for changing velocity ratios can be made with the help of
gear box
3) Its efficiency is very high
4) It can be used even for low speeds
5) It can transmit high torque values
6) It is compact in construction
DISADVANTAGES OF GEAR DRIVE:
1) They are not suitable when shafts are distant
2) At high speeds noise and vibration happens
3) It requires lubrication
4) It has no flexibility
REASONS OF GEAR FAILURE:
There are following reasons of Gear failure;
1) Abrasive wear
2) Corrosive wear
 3) Initial pitting
4) Destructive pitting
TYPES OF GEARS:
Depending on the requirement and place of use there are several types of
Gears.
1. Parallel Shafts:
This is the case when we have to transmit power between two parallel
shafts.
2. Spur Gears:
Spur Gears are used for the power transfer in the shafts which are parallel
to each other. They have straight teeth as shown in above image.
3. Spur Rack and Pinion:
The long bar shown in the image is known as rack and the gear is known
as pinion. We know that in a gear meshing, generally small Gear is known
as Pinion but why the single Gear used here is known as Pinion.
The reason is we consider the Rack as a very large Gear with infinite
diameter so that it looks almost straight and hence the other gear than rack
is known as pinion.
4. Helical Gears or Helical Spur Gears:
Helical gears are almost same as spur gears but they have inclined teeth
for uniform and silent teeth meshing. Power transmitting capacity of
helical spur gears is more than that of normal spur gears.
5. Double Helical Gears:
The the helical gears some unbalanced force remains in the system due to
inclined teeth so, to balance that unbalanced force we use double helical
gears which has inclined teeth in both the directions.
One should note that there is a gap between two sets of inclined teeth.
Power transfer capacity of double helical gear is more than simple helical
gear.
6. Herringbone Gears:
There is only one difference between double helical and Herringbone
gears. Herringbone gears do not have any gap between inclined teeth.
7. Intersecting Shafts:
This is the case when the shafts (between which the power is to be
transmitted) are mutually intersecting.
8. Spiral Bevel Gears:
Spiral bevel gears are used for power transmission in the shafts which are
perpendicular to each other. Due to spiral teeth they provide uniform and
silent teeth engagement. It has more power transmitting capacity than zero
bevel gears.
9. Zero Bevel Gears:
Zero bevel gears or simply Bevel gears have straight teeth. The teeth
engagement not as uniform and smooth as in spiral bevel gears.
10. Skew Shaft:
This is the case when the shafts (between which the power is to be
transmitted) are non-parallel and non-intersecting.
11. Cross Helical Gears:
Cross helical gears are used for non parallel and non intersecting shafts.
12. Worm Gears:
Sometimes this type of gear arrangement is also known as worm and
wheel. Here the long rod having spiral is the worm. We should note one
thing that worm can rotate the Gear but reverse is not true.
 13. Hypoid Gears:
Hypoid gears as same as spiral bevel gears but the only difference is that
the center line of both the shafts do not intersect in Hypoid gears.
Alternatively we can say that there is some eccentricity in the center line
of the shafts in the Hypoid gear arrangement.