MOMENT OF INERTIA

The center of mass and the moment of inertia are geometric properties, not
dependent on any other parameter and of great importance when designing certain
structures or components. Both are related in the sense that in many cases to
calculate inertia (especially in figures composed of several rectangles) it is
necessary to know the center of mass to apply the Steiner Theorem. Next we will
see both concepts separately
Inertia is a word that we use too often so that according to the SAR, inertia is:
1. f. Mec. Property of the bodies not to modify their state of rest or movement if it is
not for the action of a force.
For example, when we push something that moves linearly, we usually say that it
has a lot of inertia. However, this is not entirely correct since inertia is, strictly
speaking, resistance to changes in the rotation of an object.
The inertia can be calculated using the mass product by squared distance, or in the
case of a constant density and for a continuous geometry, as follows:

Let's see how to calculate it for a triangle below:

Inertia is a very important property in dynamic and static. For example in strength of
materials, it is a fundamental parameter because it is necessary to calculate the
tension in a section due to the application of a moment in the structure. Because it
is inversely proportional to the stress suffered by the section in question, it is
preferable to design structures with high inertia, thus minimizing the solicitation.
Due to the above, we are able to deduce the "strange" profiles of some beams. For
example, the reason for using beams with a double T section is that since the inertia
is proportional to the distance, it is normally preferable to locate the material in
positions with a greater distance to the periphery, that is, as far as possible from the
center of gravity

PROPERTIES OF INERTIA

1. It is an additive property.
2. When calculating the inertia of a body it is important to choose suitable axes. For
example in a cube it is not the same to calculate it with respect to its diagonal that
with respect to any other axis.
3. Calculation of inertia with respect to axes parallel to those that pass through the
center of gravity of the figure: it is carried out by Steiner's theorem
4. Calculation of the main moments of inertia: once the inertia has been calculated
with respect to the axes that pass through the center of gravity of the figure, it is
possible to find the main directions using the Mohr circle:

Product of inertia The product of inertia is a measure of the rotational inertia of a

body. This is calculated by the mass product by distance to each of the axes. Here
is an outline of the product of inertia, which explains why in many cases it is equal
to zero:
Finally, I enclose a table with the moments of inertia of some common geometries:
MOMENTOS DE INERCIA, MOMENTO POLAR DE INERCIA

Presentado por:
NATALIA RIVERA RAMOS

Presentado a:
Ing. MAURICIO AYALA VILLARRAGA

UNIVERSIDAD PILOTO DE COLOMBIA

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA CIVIL
BOGOTÁ D.C.
OCTUBRE 23/2019
 POLAR MOMENT OF AREA INERTIA

It is an amount used to predict ability to resist torsion of the object, on objects (or
segments of objects) with a circular invariant of cross section and without major
deformations or outside the plane of deformations

Inertia is the resistance that opposes matter by modifying its state of rest or
movement. This property is clearly described in Newton's First Law, which
postulates:
The polar moment of inertia is the measure of the capacity of a body to resist torsion
around a certain axis when a pair of forces is applied.
Torsion is a concept widely used in mechanics, generally expressing the angular
displacement of a body subject to a couple of forces. The greater the polar moment
of inertia, the less displacement it will suffer.
This concept is very important in the design of the car because it will define its curve
behavior. Throughout the curve, the car tries to change direction around its axis of
gravity, and the farther from the center of gravity the poles of inertia are, the greater
the moment of inertia and therefore its resistance to describe the curve.
In a simplified way, suppose we have a sheet of paper, on which we place two
weights (two poles of inertia) and we want to rotate it on a certain axis, as I show in
the figure.
The farther away from the axis of rotation are the masses (m1 and m2 in the figure),
the more complicated it will be to make them change direction.
In automotive we will define the polar moment of inertia of a vehicle as the sum of
the polar moments of inertia of each of the poles that we are going to consider:
ΣM = m1 * d1² +… + mn * dn²
From the formula we can extract that large masses far from the center of gravity will
result in a high polar moment of inertia, while if the masses are smaller or closer to
the center of gravity they will result in a low polar moment of inertia.