2 eee SCRE E GLEE TEs Alp Designation: 0663701 Hi Standard Test Method for : Determining Tensile Properties of Geogrids by the Single or Multi-Rib Tensile Method! Sher bas acai ace sont ‘enna me ee 1. Scope wile Wee (8 methods cover the detemninaion of the varying th Propets of geogrds by stjing sng ‘varying wid to tensile loaligg 2 aaa slerative procedies are provided to étemnine the tensile suength, as fellows ti, Mttod A—esing a single geri ibn tension or bb. Nine on etiad ¥—Testing mule geogrd ib in tension (Nim oF toi, Libe aied Testing mutiple Iyer of mukipe geo: ‘ri ibs in tension (kN/m or Toi rents {6S method is intended for quality ‘conformance testing of geogrk dard Tals ted in ST units ace to be regarded asthe panel ee, et-PoU values sited in penonas oe Provided for information gal ay Sandard may invcvehacadous materials, oper. adaress ai oigbment. Ths standant does’ not purge a SOME al afte safery concern pany assent on io cable EPONICLY of the user of this ned SOI GPbroprate safety and heatth practies ant co imine the applcctity of regulatory lintatons prior ose 2, Referenced Documents 21 ASTM Standards P Je SPeciications for Tense Testing Machines for Tex- tile D123 Tenminology Relating to Teailes? P saed Ne of Commercial Moisture Reguins for Textile bers? Daeay (eee FO Sampling of Geosyieis for Testing? 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetcgs 3, Terminology 3 Definitions ena SO ttn of ASTM Camden aS oa oo "eso Sstcommite BISON SIretr aa Fe 10. maton ey 20, "ail Sak far Sane dO Wool and 2.1.1 amosphere for testing geosyathetie, nit ain raed aa relatve humidity of 501970 6 and a wempernce of at = 250 70 = 4°h), 34.2 breaking fore, (F), nthe force at failure AB Comespondng fore, n—synonyin for force a specie fed elongation. 3.14 force at specified elongation, FASE, n—a force assox {uted with especie elongation on the force elongation conn (synonym for coresponding force) 7.23 foee-elongation curve, n—in a wns text, raphe al tepresenttion of the relationship between the masgenege oe fn cstemally spplied force and the change in lengih of ie {Becimen in the direction of the applied force, (syeonjon fey sess-stin curve) ait, 28rd, n—a geowyntietic formed by a regular net Tork of ntgrally connected clement with apres prencr {25 6:35 rm (6 inch o allow interlocking with sunosocing ‘Siu tock cart, and other surounding matals to primar fanction as reinforcement. (03262) a) geez, adj—in geosynhetis,foming a necestry Pat of the whole: a constituent 2.4 seonmibeic, n—a pradvet manufactured fiom poy. Inetc material used with soil rock, earth orcer geoteciored soginccring related matetial as an integral pat of s men Project, structure, or system, 3.1.9 inde tet, n—a. test procedure which may contain ‘known bins, but which may be sed to estab ‘Set of specimens with respect to the property of nee 3.119 junction, nthe point where geod ribs ae inter onnecied to provide stcture and dimension tbily, 2.1.11 rib .n—for geogrds, the continucus elements of a acogrid which are either in the machine or crose machine ‘Sirection as mnufectured. set ap juplure, n—for geogids, the breaking or teating apart of ribs 3.118 tensile, adl—capane of tensions, or relaing to ten sion of 2 materia 31114 tensile sirength (a), n—for geogrids the maximum ‘sistance to deformation developed for a specie meow pe subjected to tension by an extemal force Tene sucoseh of Beourids isthe charsctersic ofa sample as distin heey specimen and is expressed in fore per unis with SORPGAGD Mee eon PO Hea na hte teGp v0ss7-01 BAIS tense text, n—for geosynthetcs, atest in which a sues stretched alas (0 determine the force- elongation characteristics, the breaking force, or the breaking elongation, 3.116 tension, nthe force that produces a specified elon- sation. 3.2 For defritions of other terms used i this test method, refer to Terminologies D123 and D 4439, 4, Summary of Test Method 4.1 Method A—In this meth, a single, representative ib specimen of a geogrid is clamped and placed under a tensile Eee any 1 f2 of extension tesing machine. The tensile force required ail (rupture) the specimen i recorded ‘The ultimate single eb tensile strength (N or Tb) is then determined based onthe average of sx single rib tensile tests, 42 Method B—A relatively wide specimen is gripped across its entre width in the clamps of a constant rate of extension type tensile testing machine operated ata prescribed tate of extension, applying & uniaxial lod te the specimen until the specimen mpwures. ‘Tensile stength (kNim or Ib), longition, and secant modulus ofthe test specimen can Be caleulated from machine scales, dials, econding chars, ot n Interfuced computer, 43 Metiod CA relatively wide, multiple yered speci- rien is gripped across its entire width in the clamps of a ‘constant rate of extension type emi testing machine operated ata preseribed rate of extension, applying uniaxial load tothe specimen until the specimen ruptures. Tensile steneth (eNiin ‘oF Ibi), elongation and secant modulus ofthe test specimen can be calculated from machine scales, dial recording chars, ‘or an interfaced computer. . Significance and Use 5.1 The determination af the tensile fooee-slongationvaluae of geogride provides index propesty values. This test method stall be used for quality coatrol and seceptance testing of commercial shipments of geogrids, ‘52 In cases of dispute arising Irom differences in reported ‘est results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and supplier should conduct comparative tess to determine if tee is satiscal bias between their labo.atones. Compeient statistical asi. lance is recommended for the investigation of bigs. As a ‘minimum, the two partes should take & group of test speci ‘mens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are fom a lot of material of the type in question, ‘The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal names to each laboratory for testing. The average results fom the (wo Iubornorics should be comarad wsing students Fes! 10! ‘unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the ‘vo partis before the testing began. Ia bias s found, ether its ‘eause must be found and corrected of the purchaser snd suppliet must agree to interpret fuze eat esl in ight ofthe own bies, : 5.3 All googrds can be tested by any of these methods. Some modification of techniques may be necessary fora given rogrid depending upon its physical make-up. Special adaptor tions may be necessary with rong geogsde, multiple layered aeogrids. or geosrds that tend to slip in the clamps or those ‘which ted to be damaged by the claps, 6. Apparatus 6.1 Testing Clamps—The clamps shall be suficinily wide ‘o grip the entire width ofthe specimen (as determined by the test method) and with appropriate clamping power to prevent slipping or crushing (damnge). Fora given product, the sane ‘lamps shall be used in testing methots A, B, and C prior © raking any comparison between results Gil Size of Jaw Faces—Each clamp shall have jaw faces measuring wider than the width ofthe specimen 62 Tensile Testing Machine—A. testing, machine. of the ‘constant rate of extension type as described in Specification 76 shall be used. The machine shall be equipped with a device for recording the tensile force and the amount of separation of the grips. Both ofthese measuring systems shall be accurate to = 1.0. and, preferably, shall be extemal to the testing machine. The rate of separation shall be uniform and capable of adjustment within the range of the test. 63 Distilled Water and Novionic Weting Agent, shall be sed for wet specimens only, 64 Extensomeier—When required by the method, a device capable of measuring the distance between two reference points onthe specimen without any damage tothe spesimen ot slippage, care being taken to ensure tht the measurement represents the true movernent ofthe reference points. Ex- amples of extensometer incade mechanical, optical, infrared or electrical devices, 7. Sampling 7.1 Lot Sample—Divide the product into ots and take the Jot Sample as directed in Practice D 4354, 12 Laboratory Sanple—For the laboratory sample, tke full rol! width swatch long enough in the machine discon fom each roll inte lot sample to ensue that the requiremeats in 8.1 can be met, The sample may be taken from the end portion of a roll provided there is no evidence is distorted or tiferent from other portions ofthe rol 8. Test Specimen 8.1 The specimens shall const of tree (3 jonetons or 309 ‘mm in Tength (12 in), in order to establish a minimam specimen length in he divecuon of the tet (either the machine or eross-machine direction) All specimens should be free of surface defects, et, not typical of the laboratory sample, Take ho specimens nearer the selvage edge slong the geogrid than "Ae the width of te sample, ‘Nore [Fa comparison of ne gong to wot i tobe mae he engin ofeach speren shal ke the same (ae slr psy) td greed upon by al pai 82 Preparation: 8.21 Method A—Prepare each finished specimen, as shown in Fig. 1, to contain one rib in the eross-test wide by at lest Uiree junctions (vo apertures) long in the dlretion of the testing, with the length dimension being desigated and aceu- ‘ately cut parallel othe diection fr which the tensile strength fe eing mcasused J t é 82 ina ts in (wo mei ibe ax in ts (wo g texting eye tee sont 835 re 8. Ed mens “ at has ® Ta > PPP eRPeHAaeeenhy 0 6657-04 eer bana (2 IGT Specimen Dinnsions fr Mathod A 8.22 Method B—Prepare each Fished specimen, as shown in Fig. 2, to be a minimum of 200 mm wide and contain five Fibs i the erosstest direction wide by at last dhe junctions {evo apertures) or 300 mm (12 in, long in the direction ofthe testing with the Tength dimension being designated and accu- fatty eat paral fo the direction for which the tensile strength ie being measured, 8.23 Method C--Prepre each ished specimen, as shown. in Fig, 2, tobe & minimam of 200 mm wide and contain five ribs in the erss-et direction wide by atleast three junctions {evo arertures) or 300 mm (12 io.) Tong inthe direction ofthe testing, with the length dimension being designated and acca fatly cit paral f the direction for which the tensile strength is being measured. This must be repeated for each layer of oven Inelnded in the teat 8.24 Within st methods A,B and C the outermost sibs ae cut prior t testing to prevent slippage from occuring within the clamps. For those cases where the outermost ribs are Severe, the test resuls shall be based on the unit of width sociated withthe numberof intact its. 83 Mumber of Test Specimens: 8.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon as when provided in an applicable material specification tke a number of test spei- rent per swatch in the Laboratory simple such tht e user nay expect atte 95 % probability evel thatthe teat result rho moe than 5 % above the tue average foreach swatch in the lavoramny sample for each required diretion, see Not 2 ‘Nore 2 some appcuons, it my be acess topo ese ‘ein tah he marine andthe cose mine sietne nals, the Sct ef the ws et specnes) ol be lowly ne 8.32 Reliable Zstimote of v—When there is a reliable estimat of v based upon extensive pest records for similar materi tested in the user's laboratory as directed in the rethot. calculate the required number of specimens using Fa Tas flows TI . FIG. 2 Specimen Dimanalons for sthods 8 and C noma u where ‘n= numberof cst specimens (rounded upward to a whole number), feliable estimate of the coefficient of variation of individual observations on similar materials in ‘user's laboratory under conditions of single-operator precision, %, 1 = Boe value of Student's # for one-sided tints, 9 95:% probability level and the degrees of freedom associ= sted with the estimate of v and A. = 50% ofthe average, the valve of allowsle vaition 833 No Religbe Esimate of »—When thereis na reliable cextmate fv forthe user's Inboratory, Eg {shoud not be used direcly Instead, specify the fixed numberof 5 specimens for the required direction. Te number of specimens is ealeulated Using v= 9.5% ofthe average forthe required cretion, This valve for vis somewhat larger than usally found in practice. ‘When a reliable estimate of forte users labertory becomes available, Eq. will usually requie fewer than the fixed ‘number of specimens 9. Conditioning 9.1 Expose the specimens to the stmosphe for testing _Beosynthetes for «period long enough to allow ‘he geogrid to each equillnise within this standard aemospbeve- Consider the specimen to beat moisture equilibrium when tbe change in mass of the specimen in successive weighings made at inte. vals of not less than 2h doesnot exceed 0.1 % ofthe mass of the specimen. Consider the specimen to be a! temperanre esuilitrium after Ih of exposure tothe atmosphre for testing eosynthetics, 9.2 Specimens to be tested in the wet condition shall be immersed in water fo a minimum of one hon, aintaned at A temperatire of 21 = 2°C (70 & °F) Tho me of immersion rust be suliient to wetout the specimens toroughly, as indicated by uo significant ctange in sieagth or elongation following a longer period of immersion, and at lest 2 min. To obtain thorough wening, it may be necessary of advisable to vse disiled weer 193. Geogrids may ve veceived inthe laboratory rolled, shus is important to flaten the specimens to avoid misleading elongation messurements. Geogrids which exhibit curl ‘memory should be lnid at and weighted, uatl the geogrid remains flat without weisht 10, Frocedvre 10.1 Zora the testing ster, : 10.2 Machine Se-Up Conditions —At the stat ofthe tes, adjust the distance between the clamps ofthe distance from Centerline to ceterine of ellers othe preter tance of tree junction or 200+ 3mm (8.0 0, in), such tat at least one transverse ibis contained cently within the gage length. AL Teast one clamp should be supported by a fre swivel or ‘univers joint hich wil allow te clamp fo rtae inthe plane ofthe geogrid. Selec the force range of the testing machine so ‘he break occurs between 10 and 90 % of full-scale force. The ) JAG 0 6697-01 Ge per minute eqs) be conducted aa stain rate of 10 Saapieed wPS cesta ge length sed 09 Te Bage Tevet 3 10:3 Mount the specimen contralyin dhe clamps antigen saftey a povent damage tote specimen, see Notes snd aaa he dsmnce between clamp faces orcenteine 12 ao vete ofthe roller grips 10 determine test specimen B88 Erte extersomeien oF ocr exer eens of tenet dren for example, photo methods) ar encouraged fOr ere nore modulus ico be measured and mus be wsed 2 al ese wfislacement when roller clamps are used io sting ‘eermvdeation should be provided if & dlssacpancy eieoe Phen extensometers are nat used during testing om $-Somemoiieaions of lanpingeshighs uy Dee ee MET atpang oon ts conscton. Ses cape fo ten ea ence er gris come of aed confine orm pin se Clamp or bing anne aS a es aay hela: When CS 2 na of Sin re et Fg, 3 fen wed wo daeming a cm usu he dare ten eon of Smo sri, re eho ‘Sineson ci nd ne oben whe ting mobile gg ew ee conn of he gers alent cap pre Te ao tb anand te ei ond ata Sal orem se ae ised idan bg al of ees ey ‘ened Tout Initiate dhe test by staring the testing machine and conte running the tet unl rapture occurs. Report. the conve force obained to cause fire, the time fallore Mayne elongation at the measured maximum force Tos] Yea specimen of one o ore layers lips inthe ous, res oie alty operation the result falls maskedy below averade forthe st of 308 1042, OA? The decision fo discard the resus os isu 1011 bal be based on observation of te specimen dag te To tbe geogdd. Inthe absence of oer extra for such te oe erranich results in a value below, 20% of the we eal the other breaks shall be discarded No oer Teer Shal be discarded unless the testis known tbe faulty. wie Tei dial to determine the precise reason why cenain specimens break near the edge of the jase TE ja Serie eueed by damage 10 the specimen by te jaws then ak ie shuld be discarded, I, however, itismexly due to wre Jenly datibuted weak places, iti a pececly legitimate rai ome cases, tay aso be caused by «concentration aT he area adjacent othe jaws because fey prevent Tee etinen fam contracting in 6h ay he fre i applied nese cases 9 break near the edie ofthe jas i inevitable Im tifa be accepted as a characteristic of the particular rethod of test Tn ita geogrid manifests any slippage in the jaws, or i sme nan 24 ofthe specimens break a3 point within $ mm wo a othe edge ofthe Ja, then (1) the jas may Oe ode (2) the geopid may be coated unde he hw ee ae acy te eurface othe jaw face may be modified any of the oS nations Hsted above are vseds state the method of modification in the ror. mAh Mensurement of Etongarion—Mcasure the elongation afte engid: a any stated force by means of a suitable ceaesiee device atthe same time a8 te temite strength fs ais, unless otherwise agreed upon, as provided for in sercicable material specifation. Measure the elongation © three signfiant figures. Soe The stein within the specimen is calculate from the mee cteent of elongation as discussed in 10.6 and shown in Fie 3 ean also be obained independent ofthe cross bea Fi eae Those measurements canbe made with extensor move rreyca measuring devices Which ae set read the center So a he specimen and conning st fest one Sune Porton Used the minimam extensometer gage length shall be 60 mm. 1, Caleutation “MLL For Afethod A (Single Rib Specimen)—Prom the tst dot, the averge ultimate ib strength in N (hs) is calculates a sseegng the vale of maximum fore a ype fr 98 oe eepeapecimen resus: Te average elongation at fire ace ictemined separately for machine iestion specimens ena ce machine direction specimens and expressed 28 the Surcentage increase in Ing, based upon the ini ge [eign of the specimen, Repr this as the elongation a ae, Bea For Methods B and C (Wide With Specie! TF Stack Displacement (dy) and Stack Tension (Tob “slack inthe goosynthetic reinforcement may have developed Shane tat scp o dato te testing equipment. For ech 5 dare ie fond placement curve (Fg. 4) may be examines aoe ch a point where the testing eqipment fll engnges {Be sperimen, tat, pick up Tosd, Th diaplacement Whe Te Pees wll be designated as the slack displacement, du cet iG 4 sress rain Curve wth Comste Test Results a x 6 whe a raed Noe 2 wep mck ret Sy swith No wide Ihave Sane tom Sid saw i ‘ed Sn “@ seo(Gy 0 5857-01 ‘he apli eson ahessk apace wl be dei recat cso, TB tcs st eed tempor 1 The dak tno, shal bie 10 125% of ‘iC et ten sngh ew 25 (0. Te sk ens resent be apes Te tne betvansplcion af ‘inc dplcenen dsl tele wc oc No the sk ein ask tenn my th 1,22 Calealae the tensile strength for individual wide wath specimens (sce Note 6): that is, ealeulate the equivalent force per nit wiih expressed in Nien (fin. of wid, sing ey? am ® a lent fo idth, Ném (lbtfin.); fy) = equivalent force per uit width, Ni fn, © chserved maximum tore N Obs T= Siac tne fad N (by, 1 © numberof ese clement being tested, and ‘= numberof tena elements per init wid equal to Nib (see Note 7), Nowe 6—This equsion is only fr a5 la he deemninaton of the site wits eae seg ofthe spesinen based dh Methods B and © ‘ove Th stand doce nt adrest the pose soelatin beth Sales ad wide-atth tense rent ore 1—Ntis deterine by aking he average of thee messes from saps that re 85 ofthe mated psa with Enh !mezreent spefomed by mening the dts fo the Cental {dd by 2) oh eve poi of he pete a tac eal 095% ‘of he manufactared proc ol wd say fom he srtngaperte (Tis esis te Due) As suk i meeaement walsh a sional vale. The umer ofr ements Ne this iste, 2 me cous and is eerie by ing the vue by the B ‘ale, For mug Iyer geod, “Psa be meued stg Be Se ayer Te ube elements a within sia tre coun ind uli by tbe number Sf Tye [al ie pein TIL25 Sirain—Calelate the peerent stun fo individual specimens: see Fig. S. That is calelate the elongation af specimens, expressed as the percentage increase in length of the specimen using Bq 2 for XY type recorders, o By 3 for manual readings, = (Lx RX IOBVE, XL o (Lx 109ye where

= per Eq 4, coresponding percent strsin with espect, othe force per nit wich, 12. Report 12.1 For Tet Method A—The report for geogri ribtensile strength should include te following: 121.1 The maximum individual ib tensile strength, Nb». and elongation at failue for each specimen and the ever imate rib tensile streagt. NbN. average clenguion at faite, and standard deviation for euch set of specimess: T2.L2 Make and model of the testing machine; 12.1.3 Type, size and facing of ris, and desciptionof any ‘changes made tothe grips: 12:14 The numberof specimen tested; 1215 Test coneltions: 12.16 Aay departures from standard procedure; 12.17 entiation and description of geogrid sample), I2.L8 Description of type and location of failure fer each 12.1.9 Direction of esting, and, 12.10 Full set of fond versus sain chon 12.2 For Test Methods B and C—Report ta the spusineus were tested as directed inthis test method, or any deviations from this test method, Describe all materiale parts sampled and the method of sampling fr each materia 122.1 Report all ofthe following applicable items forthe machine diretinn and where approprise, the cross mechine Uieetion of all materias teste 12.2.2 Ultimate tensile stength af, in Ril (be 2.3 Elongation at the uate tensile stzength in percent, and the method of measuring elongation; | |Ap 0 6637-01 12:24 Socant modulus in RN (DD of wid, ve Fig 4 and section 11.24. If the secant modulus is reported, set that pomion of the force-elongation curve used to determine the modus, tha is «to € at zero tension, elongation reported as secant modulus. I itis agreed between parties thatthe secant modulus be teporied then the entiee lds curve should be Fecorded and reported as depicted in Fig. 12.25 The standart deviation or the eoefcient of variation ofthe ext revue; 122.6 Number of tensile elements, ribs, within the width of specimens 12.2.7 Number of specimens tested; 122.8 Make and model ofthe testing machine; 1229 Grip separation (initia; (ination ae pon respecing he yy tan i asa nas wih ny te meres ni ston Uo is cd re ees de at cater ath aly ay soars noe tong och ts esta a nn ape ‘note vows oun oo ATM Cone a Snr a sas swe ala {i sna i copie ASTM baton 00 Be Ore, PO Bax C7, Cetohackn PA 1428288, nied Sis nce aps Ge me se) ssn ny 0 hated ty onaao ag A en ess 0 at G1OGSDG80 foe). BTORZSESE anh or semee@aaenan femal or Pree ASTM wees foment 2.2.10 Type sze, and facing of grip, and desription of any changes made tothe rips; 122.11 Conditioning of specimens, including detils of ‘emperature, relative humidity, and eondiioning time, and: 12.2.2 Anomalous behavior, such as ear failure or failure atthe grip. 13, Precision and Bas 13.1 Preciion—The precsio of ds wes method ts Being establishes, 132 Bias—This test method has no bias since the values of ‘those properties canbe defined only in terms of test method 14. Keywords 141 geogrid: geogrid rib; geosynthetiy geotenie: index test; tensile tet ut veoreng seamen fora cond tens to ae one in 12 for be oreroed cthhee 13:1 stad ior ty odes tet i etal 2 Rec aR eeneae