Waste Management (Stages)

Prevention
As environmental regulations continue to tighten around the globe, operators are
faced with the challenge of balancing environmental impact with fluid performance.
Waste Management is a fundamental component to addressing this challenge. It is
important to recognize the impact of various pieces within the Waste Management system
and the interdependencies of fluids, equipment, and services. The most effective Waste
Management solutions and services set out to address multiple factors, including strict
environmental regulations, waste treatment logistics and expenses, drilling efficiency and
performance, and remote locations with infrastructure limitations. Halliburton Baroid
offers a range of customized solutions and services to help improve and streamline waste
management systems.
Baroid follows industry-leading processes to address safety, environmental, and
economic impacts to design and deploy the best waste treatment and disposal solution
for every well. Their goals are consistent for each project: maximum fluid recovery and
minimal environmental impact. Composting, landfill, and solids stabilization options can
be used in a variety of situations; however, they bring additional value when they
incorporate their more advanced treatment and disposal solutions. Zero discharge,
offshore discharge, and environmentally-sensitive locations greatly benefit from their
customized solutions that leverage the latest Baroid technologies, such as:
Cutting Dryers
Cutting dryers play an important role in waste treatment and disposal. They have
established three vertical cuttings dryer (VCD) designs to help reclaim valuable base
fluids and reduce retained oil-on-cuttings (ROC) levels to below 6.9%. This helps reduce
dilution rates and additive use for improved fluid consistency, and the lower ROC allows
overboard discharge in approved areas. Their VCD lineup can help to reduce or eliminate
cuttings treatment volumes while meeting environmental regulations and reducing overall
project costs.
 BaraG-Force™ Mobile VCD Systems - The BaraG-Force mobile VCD includes
a centrifuge unit that features a high-capacity, decanting centrifuge designed
for continuous feed. This centrifuge has the efficient throughput necessary for
real-time oil-based drilling operations. The mobile unit can easily move on and
off location and reduces costs and logistics associated with rig-up and rig-down
operations.
 BaraG-Force VacVCD Systems - The BaraG-Force VacVCD system combines
a proven pneumatic transfer system and an efficient VCD design in a single,
modular package. The integrated system reduces rig space and enables the
transport of cuttings from the shakers to the integrated VCD without the use of
augers or lifts.
Thermal Processing Systems
Thermal treatment is one of the most effective ways to minimize ROC levels in
environmentally-sensitive geographies. Their lineup of thermal processing systems can
help reduce oil-on-cuttings to below 1% for reduced waste transportation liability and
potential discharge, while also recovering up to 99% of base fluid to further balance well
economics. They focus on providing a range of solutions tailored for each project, with
mobile Thermal Desorption Units (TDU) for land-based applications, or cutting-edge
Thermomechanical Cuttings Cleaners (TCC) suitable for installation on land or offshore
rigs. Their advanced BaraPhase™ solutions can help maximize base oil recovery,
minimize waste volumes, and lower the cost of operations.

Preparing for re-use

Wastewater Treatment
Water usage is an increasingly important metric in today’s drilling projects. Their
BaraH2O line of water treatment units utilize a unique combination of modular solutions
to reduce waste water, with a dissolved air flotation (DAF) process to reduce offshore
slop volumes sent to shore by as much as 95%, and coagulation and flocculation methods
to recover up to 90% of waste water in land operations. With a focus on sustainability,
they can deploy water treatment solutions to help reduce waste transportation liability,
lower waste treatment costs, reduce water usage, and increase environmental and
financial benefits.
 BaraH2O™ Dewatering Units – Advanced dewatering unit for reduced waste
transportation liability with up to 90% waste water recovery and potential re-use of
base fluid from water-based mud systems
Slop Water Treatment Solutions
Conventional management of offshore drilling slop is costly. Regardless of the
composition, all slop is typically shipped to shore for treatment and disposal. In addition
to the high transportation cost, the process of shipping to shore for treatment exposes
operators to the hazards and risks associated with the logistics of transport.
The BaraH2O™ slop treatment unit is modular and highly efficient, and can treat
a range of oily water slop produced on a rig – at the source. Clean water from the unit
can be discharged directly to the environment or reused in pit washing operations. The
unit will significantly reduce slop sent onshore for treatment by up to 95 percent.
The processing principles are based on a combination of chemical treatment and
dissolved air flotation (DAF). The chemicals flocculate and bind together particles, making
them easier to separate. This then allows flotation by dissolved air to separate both
particles and oil from the slop water, leaving the effluent in an acceptable condition to be
discharged to the environment or reused on the rig.
 Recycling
CleanWave® Frac Flowback and Produced Water Treatment
Enables recycling of flowback and produced water at the wellsite. For every barrel
of oil produced, approximately three barrels of water are produced. And, between 10%
and 40% of the fluid volume used in fracturing operations flows back during the
subsequent clean-up.
Halliburton addresses these water management issues by offering the CleanWave
service. The service features a mobile electrocoagulation component that uses electricity
to treat flowback and produced water at rates of up to 26,000 bbl/day while using minimal
power.
The CleanWave™ system destabilizes and coagulates the suspended colloidal
matter in water. When contaminated water passes through the electrocoagulation cells,
the anodic process releases positively charged ions, which bind onto the negatively
charged colloidal particles in water resulting in coagulation. At the same time, gas
bubbles, produced at the cathode, attach to the coagulated matter causing it to float to
the surface where it is removed by a surface skimmer. Heavier coagulants sink to the
bottom, leaving clear water, suitable for use in drilling and production operations.
Halliburton’s CleanWave service treatment enables operators to generate water
for reuse in fracturing fluids or reuse in other drilling and production processes. This
minimizes fresh water consumption and the costs associated with procurement and
disposal. As water becomes increasingly scarce and environmental regulations become
tighter, Halliburton continues to offer the technology and expertise Operators need to
manage and correctly dispose of produced water, lessening their dependence on fresh
water.

Other recovery
Use of an oil-based mud system at this operator’s well operations required
implementation of new waste management strategy to comply with disposal regulations
requiring final treated cuttings oil content be less than 1% OOC, as well as to provide
cuttings handling in support of drilling operations. The solution had to include 3R
processes for “reducing” waste and environmental impact, “recycling,” treatment and “re-
use” of recovered products, as well as safe disposal.
Thermomechanical Cuttings Cleaner
Environmental requirements and operational needs in this case demanded
deployment of Best Available Technology for contaminated drill cuttings. Baroid
personnel customized a new waste management strategy to be deployed during mud
system changes, using one of the newer thermal desorption technologies, the friction-
based, hammermill thermal desorption process, also known as Thermomechanical
Cuttings Cleaning (TCC) system.
Baroid's Thermomechanical Cuttings Cleaner (TCC) unit is specially designed for
the processing of oil contaminated drilling waste such as typical drill cuttings, slop-mud
and spent drilling mud. Its mechanical action is applied directly to the drill cuttings via
hammers that create friction which causes temperatures to rise above the boiling points
of water and oil. Once these temperatures are reached, hydrocarbons are removed from
the solids to an acceptable disposal limit (<1% oil on cuttings). The oil and water vapors
that remain are then fed through the TCC condensing system and recovered in the form
of recovered heavy oil, recovered light oil, and recovered water. With the TCC, operators
meet the majority of offshore discharge regulations globally. In fact, the only ones it
doesn't meet are countries with zero discharge regulations. The low oil on cuttings ratio
of <1% also ensures compliance to any onshore disposal methods.
Treated cuttings were disposed of at a dedicated landfill, while all base oil
recovered with the TCC system was sent to the Liquid Mud Plant located at the same
site, which significantly reduced logistics and decreased waste volume. The TCC system
solution not only enabled compliance with environmental requirements and met all
operational needs, but the volume of recovered base oil which otherwise would have been
incinerated, totaled 4500m³, or an estimated savings of $5,625,000 USD.
Swarf Separation and Recovery
Significant quantities of swarf (metallic shavings, filings, and particulates) can be
generated during slot recovery and decommissioning operations that may require the
removal of sections of the original casing strings. Where cut and pull of the casing are not
options, extensive milling may be required. Additionally, section and window milling to
sidetrack wells often generate large quantities of swarf. Removal of swarf from a milling
fluid requires a reliable and efficient means of separation at surface to ensure successful
operations. Failure to remove this harsh metallic material leads to issues including
excessive wear and tear on rig surface equipment; contamination of drilling fluids; and
health, safety, and environmental (HSE) risks to personnel.
The BaraMag™ swarf separation and recovery unit are designed to separate the
swarf from the drilling fluid by mechanical and magnetic means. Return flow from the well
passes through the unit, with the first stage capturing the majority of the swarf and
discarding the material into a collection skip. The swarf is then transported to an onshore
facility where the metal is recovered for recycling. A final separation and polishing stage
remove fine to ultra-fine magnetic particles that may still be entrained in the fluid.

Disposal
Thermal Desorption Solutions
 The goal of any thermal desorption technology is to produce oil-free or ultra-low
total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) solids for disposal by distilling the oil from cuttings
and recovering it to be reused as drilling fluid. Baroid can select the most suitable
technology for your operations and optimize it based on the available footprint and
capacity requirements.
Cuttings Reinjection
As transportation costs rise, disposal regulations become increasingly restrictive,
and more cuttings are classified as hazardous waste, cuttings reinjection (CRI) can be an
optimal solution for the disposal of drilling waste in many applications.
CRI provides a permanent and contained zero-discharge solution for drill cuttings
and other operational waste. The waste streams are normally injected as slurries or fluid
batches into induced fractures created by the injection process in the selected injection
zone. This disposal technique helps mitigate the environmental risks and liabilities
associated with the transfer, transportation, treatment, and disposal of drilling waste at
the surface.
Benefits
 Reduce the negative environmental impact of drilling waste surface disposal (such
as for drilled cuttings, rig wash, dewatering water, and contaminated rainwater in
cuttings pits
 Decrease the need for surface storage and cuttings pits
 Eliminate cuttings and drilling waste transportation risks
 Allow the disposal of different waste streams via one method